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CITY  HOSPITAL,  BLACK  WELL'S  ISLAND. 


Society  of  (be  Alumni  of 
City  (Charity)  hospital 

REPORT  FOR  1904 

together  with  a  history  of  the  City  fiospital 
and  a  Register  of  Its  medical  Officers 
from  \m  to  1904 


COMMITTEE  ON  PUBLICATION 

Charles  G.  Child,  Jr.,  M.D.,  Chairman 
Walter  C.  Klotz,  M.D. 
J.  W.  Draper  Maury,  M.D. 


PUBLISHED  BY  THE  SOCIETY 

NEW  YORK  CITY 
1904 


affirm 
.  a/st 


Copyrighted  1904 

BY  THE  SOCIETY  OF  THE  ALUMNI  OF  CITY  (CHARITY)  HOSPITAL 


Press  of  J.  J.  Little  &  Co. 
Astor  Place,  New  York 


Edition  limited  to  two 
hundred  and  fifty  copies,  of 
which  this  is  No.  


ZTo  tbe  flDemors  of 

»orn,  1851 
©fefc,  1902 


Tanker  wbose  fcfrectfcm  tbis  work 
was  begun 


PREFACE. 


In  undertaking  their  present  task  the  committee  were 
confronted  at  the  outset  by  a  great  difficulty  in  so  far  as 
important  records  had  been  destroyed  by  fire.  In  order 
to  obtain  information  regarding  the  hospital  and  former 
members  of  the  house  staff  it  was  necessary  to  carry  on 
a  laborious  correspondence,  and  undertake  a  careful 
search  of  old  minute  books,  pay  rolls,  medical  directories 
and  other  documents.  Realizing  that  many  errors  are 
unavoidable  in  a  work  of  this  nature  the  committee  invite 
any  correction  or  criticism  that  may  be  useful  in  pub- 
lishing future  editions,  and  beg  to  express  their  thanks 
to  those  Alumni  who  have  aided  them  by  their  hearty  co- 
operation. Much  valuable  matter  was  collected  by  the 
former  committee  on  publication,  Drs.  Muzzy,  Stowell 
and  Wells,  and  the  work  greatly  facilitated  by  the  cour- 
tesy of  Mr.  Borden,  Secretary,  Department  of  Charities. 
To  Dr.  Richard  Kalish,  President  of  the  City  Hospital 
Medical  Board ;  Dr.  Henry  G.  Piffard  and  to  Dr.  D.  Bry- 
son  Delavan,  we  wish  to  acknowledge  our  indebtedness 
for  their  kindly  help  and  advice. 


THE  COMMITTEE. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Preface  5 

Society  of  the  Alumni  of  City  (Charity)  Hospital  11 

Officers— 1904    12 

Constitution      .    13 

By-Laws   17 

Former  Officers   20 

Members   22 

History  of  City  Hospital   27 

City  Hospital  106 

Medical  Board  107 

House  Staff  110 

Visiting  Physicians  and  Surgeons  Alphabetically 

Arranged  Ill 

Chiefs  of  Staff  117 

Warden  117 

Superintendents  117 

New  York  City  Training-  School  for  Nurses     .  118 

House  Staffs— 1864  to  1894    121 

Ex-House  Physicians  and  Surgeons       .       .  .133 
Geographical  Distribution  of    .       .       .  225 


ILLUSTRATIONS 


Citv  HosDital 

V  t  A  1/   T       Xl.vulJlI'liX  ...... 

FVonti  S"ni  909 

PACING  PAGE 

boutli  End  01  island  .... 

CM? 

26 

T>1        1            11  »       T    1          J    T»     *  J 

BlackwelFs  Island  Bridge 

27 

East  Tower  of  Bridge  .... 

ao 

28 

Arrival  of  Patients  ..... 

OK 

oo 

Old  Penitentiary  Hospital 

4o 

Stan  Tennis  Court  

rn 

ou 

TV  f    1         T  "\             *  J 

Male  Dormitory  

5b 

Male  Medical  Ward  

6< 

Solarium  for  Male  Patients 

.  74 

Erysipelas  and  Nervous  Pavilion  . 

.  85 

New  York  Maternity  Hospital  . 

.  93 

Gerry  Solarium  for  Female  Patients 

.  99 

Strecker  Memorial  Laboratory 

.  100 

Staff  Eoster  

.  105 

New  York  City  Training  School  for  Nurses 

.  113 

SOCIETY  OF  THE  ALUMNI  OF  CITY  (CHARITY) 

HOSPITAL. 


This  society  was  organized  in  1889  as  The  Society  of 
the  Alumni  of  Charity  Hospital,  under  which  name  it 
continued  until  1895,  when,  in  accordance  with  the  change 
in  name  of  the  hospital,  it  was  amended  and  the  old  name 
Charity  retained  in  parentheses.  The  society  is  the  direct 
outgrowth  of  a  small  clinical  society  formed  by  the 
internes  during  the  winter  of  1886,  which  it  was  the  in- 
tention of  the  house-staff  graduating  the  following  year 
to  continue  as  an  alumni  society,  but  it  was  not  until 
1889  that  any  definite  steps  were  taken.  On  March  30th, 
in  response  to  invitations  issued  by  Dr.  Baner  and  Dr. 
Guiteras,  eight  ex- internes  met  at  the  latter 's  office  and 
organized  the  Society  of  the  Alumni  of  Charity  Hospital, 
adopting  a  constitution  and  by-laws  and  electing  the  fol- 
lowing officers: 

President,  Ramon  Guiteras. 

Vice-President,  C.  W.  Stimson. 

Secretary,  W.  L.  Baner. 

Treasurer,  G.  M.  White. 

Six  more  charter  members  were  unable  to  be  present, 
making  the  initial  membership  seventeen.  Regular 
monthly  meetings  were  held  at  "  Clark 's,"  22  West  23d 
Street,  until  1898,  when  that  popular  restaurant  closed; 
in  the  succeeding  years  they  have  been  held  at  the  Arena, 
New  York  Athletic  Club,  and  the  Park  Avenue  Hotel, 
which  is  the  present  place  of  meeting. 

In  1902  the  Society  published  its  first  report  with  a 
history  of  the  City  Hospital,  and  printed  its  transactions, 
which  were  issued  to  the  members  in  pamphlet  form. 
Beginning  with  1903  they  have  been  published  in  the 
New  York  Medical  News. 

11 


OFFICERS,  1904. 

President, 

ALEXANDER  LYLE. 

Vice  President, 

JOSEPH  F.  TERRIBERRY. 

Secretary, 

CHARLES  G.  CHILD,  JR. 

Treasurer, 

WALTER  C.  KLOTZ. 

Editor, 

J.  W.  DRAPER  MAURY. 

COMMITTEE  ON  SCIENCE: 

The  President,  Ex-officio; 

GEORGE  B.  McAULIFFE, 
THOMAS  F.  REILLY. 

COMMITTEE  ON  ENTERTAINMENT: 

The  Vice-President,  Ex-officio; 

BROOKS  H.  WELLS, 
JOHN  A.  McCAFFERTY. 

COMMITTEE  ON  NEW  MEMBERS: 

D.  ERNEST  WALKER, 
JONATHAN  G.  WELLS, 
HARRY  B.  BRECKWEDEL. 

12 


CONSTITUTION. 


ARTICLE  I. 
Name. 

The  name  of  this  association  shall  be  The  Society  of 
the  Alumni  of  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

ARTICLE  H. 
Object. 

The  object  of  this  society  shall  be  the  advancement  of 
medicine  and  surgery  and  the  promotion  of  social  inter- 
course among  its  members. 

ARTICLE  III. 
Membership. 

1.  Active  Members.— All  persons  who  have  served  as 
house  physicians  or  surgeons  in  City  (Charity)  Hospital, 
New  York,  shall  be  eligible  to  membership. 

2.  Associate  Members:  Class  1.— All  persons  having 
served  on  the  resident  staff  of  City  (Charity)  Hospital 
who  have  voluntarily  resigned  their  positions  before  grad- 
uation shall  be  eligible  to  associate  membership  in  this 
society,  under  the  rules  for  the  election  of  active  mem- 
bers. Their  dues  shall  be  the  same  as  those  of  active 
members,  and  they  shall  enjoy  all  the  privileges  except 
the  right  to  vote  or  hold  office.  Class  2.  Members  of  the 
house  staff  of  City  (Charity)  Hospital  may  become  asso- 
ciate members  by  making  application  to  the  Secretary. 
Such  membership  shall  be  limited  to  their  term  of  service. 
They  shall  have  all  the  privileges  of  active  members  ex- 

lo 


cept  the  right  to  vote  or  hold  office.  Their  dues  shall  be 
as  provided  in  Section  7,  By-Laws.  Class  3.  Members 
and  ex-members  of  the  visiting  and  consulting  staffs  of 
City  (Charity)  Hospital  may  become  associate  members 
if  duly  elected.  They  shall  have  all  the  privileges  of 
active  members,  except  the  right  to  vote  or  hold  office. 
Their  dues  shall  be  as  provided  in  Section  7,  By-Laws. 

3.  Honorary  Members.— Any  physician  or  scientist  in 
good  standing  shall  be  eligible  to  honorary  membership, 
and  may  be  elected  at  any  regular  meeting  of  the  society 
by  a  unanimous  vote  of  the  members  present.  Such  mem- 
bers shall  have  all  the  privileges  of  active  members,  ex- 
cept the  right  to  vote.  They  shall  be  exempt  from  the 
payment  of  all  dues. 

ARTICLE  IV. 
Proposal  and  Election  of  Members. 

Sec.  1.  A  proposal  for  membership  shall  be  made  to 
the  Committee  on  New  Members.  It  shall  be  made  in 
writing  and  signed  by  the  proposer  and  seconder.  The 
Committee  shall  examine  the  standing  of  the  applicant.  * 

Sec.  2.  The  candidate's  name,  followed  by  the  request 
for  information  on  his  desirability  or  otherwise  as  a  mem- 
ber, shall  be  included  in  the  usual  notice  for  the  following 
regular  meeting;  and  if  the  Committees  report  be  favor- 
able, shall  be  voted  upon  at  the  next  meeting.  Notice  of 
this  meeting  shall  also  contain  the  names  approved  by  the 
Committee. 

Sec.  3.  In  balloting  on  proposals  for  membership,  if 
two  negative  votes  be  cast,  the  person  proposed  shall  be 
declared  not  elected. 

ARTICLE  V. 
Officers. 

The  officers  of  this  society  shall  be  a  President,  Vice- 
President,  Secretary,  Treasurer  and  Editor. 

14 


AETICLE  VI. 


Election  of  Officers  and  Standing  Committees. 

The  officers  and  standing  committees  shall  be  balloted 
for  at  the  stated  meeting  in  December.  The  standing 
committees  shall  be  voted  for  on  one  ballot.  A  majority 
of  votes  cast  shall  constitute  an  election.  They  shall  hold 
office  for  one  year,  until  their  successors  are  installed. 
The  installation  of  officers  shall  take  place  at  the  stated 
meeting  succeeding  their  election. 

ARTICLE  Vn. 
Duties  of  Officers. 

Section  1.  President.— The  President  shall  preside  at 
all  meetings  of  the  society.  He  shall  be  ex-officio  chair- 
man of  the  Committee  on  Science. 

Sec.  2.  Vice-President.— In  the  absence  of  the  Presi- 
dent, his  duties  shall  devolve  on  the  Vice-President.  He 
shall  be  ex-officio  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Enter- 
tainment. 

Sec.  3.  Secretary.— The  Secretary  shall  keep  a  record 
of  the  transactions  of  the  society.  He  shall  have  charge 
of  all  property  of  the  society  not  specified  elsewhere.  He 
shall  notify  all  members  at  least  seven  days  prior  to  each 
meeting,  of  the  meeting,  of  the  title  of  the  paper  to  be  read 
at  such  meeting,  and  also  the  name  of  the  author.  He 
shall  perform  such  other  duties  as  the  society  may  desig- 
nate. 

Sec.  4.  Treasurer.— The  Treasurer  shall  collect  and  re- 
ceive all  dues  and  donations.  He  shall  have  charge  of  all 
the  money  belonging  to  the  society,  and  shall  make  all 
necessary  disbursements.  He  shall  make  a  full  report  in 
writing  at  the  stated  meeting  in  December,  and  the  last 
stated  meeting  before  the  summer  adjournment.  He  shall 
perform  such  other  duties  as  the  society  may  designate. 

Sec.  5.  Editor.— The  editor  shall  be  ex-officio  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Science.  He  shall  receive  all  papers 

15 


read  at  the  stated  meetings  of  the  society,  arrange  for  the 
recording  of  the  proceedings,  and  shall  be  responsible  for 
the  publication  of  its  transactions. 

ARTICLE  VIII. 
Standing  Committees. 

Section  1.  Committee  on  New  Members.— The  Com- 
mittee on  New  Members  shall  consist  of  three  members. 
They  shall  examine  credentials  and  investigate  the  stand- 
ing of  all  applicants  for  membership,  and  report  on  the 
same  to  the  society.  The  committee  shall  send  to  the 
Secretary  the  names  of  the  applicants,  ten  days  prior  to 
the  meeting  at  which  they  shall  report. 

Sec.  2.  Committee  on  Science.— The  Committee  on  Sci- 
ence shall  consist  of  the  President,  who  shall  be  ex-officio 
Chairman;  the  Editor  and  one  other  member.  This  Com- 
mittee shall  make  all  arrangements  for  the  scientific  por- 
tion of  each  meeting,  and  shall  notify  the  Secretary  con- 
cerning the  same  at  least  ten  days  before  each  meeting. 

Sec.  3.  Committee  on  Entertainment.— The  Committee 
on  Entertainment  shall  consist  of  the  Vice-President,  who 
shall  be  ex-officio  Chairman,  and  two  other  members. 
This  committee  shall  make  all  arrangements  for  the  social 
entertainment  of  the  society,  subject  to  its  approval. 

ARTICLE  IX. 
Expulsion. 

No  member  shall  be  expelled  from  this  Society  except 
after  careful  investigation  by  the  Society  and  by  a  four- 
fifths  vote  of  the  members  present  at  a  stated  meeting. 

ARTICLE  X. 
Amendments  to  Constitution  and  By-Laws. 

An  amendment  to  this  Constitution  or  these  By-Laws 
may  be  proposed  at  any  meeting  and  may  be  adopted  by 
a  two-thirds  vote  at  the  next  regular  meeting.  Notice 

16 


of  such  subsequent  meeting  must  have  contained  a  notifi- 
cation to  the  members  that  an  alteration  in  the  Constitu- 
tion or  By-Laws  is  to  be  brought  before  the  society  for 
final  action. 

BY-LAWS. 

Section  1.  Stated  meetings  shall  be  held  on  the  second 
Wednesday  of  each  month  throughout  the  year,  except 
during  the  months  of  June,  July,  August  and  September. 
The  hour  of  meeting  shall  be  8.30  p.m. 

Sec.  2.  Special  Meetings.— Special  meetings  shall  be 
called  by  the  President,  at  the  written  request  of  three 
members,  and  the  notice  of  such  meeting  shall  distinctly 
state  the  matter  or  matters  to  be  presented  to  the  society 
for  its  consideration  at  such  meeting. 

Sec.  3.  Quorum.— A  quorum  for  executive  session  shall 
consist  of  twelve  members  of  the  society. 

Sec.  4.  Order  of  Business.— The  order  of  business  at 
stated  meetings  shall  be  as  follows: 

I.  Scientific. 

1.  Presentation  of  cases,  specimens,  new  instruments, 
etc. 

2.  Beports  of  cases. 

3.  Beading  and  discussion  of  papers. 

II.  Executive. 

1.  Beading  of  minutes  of  previous  meeting. 

2.  Beports  of  officers  and  standing  committees. 

3.  Election  of  new  members. 

4.  Election  of  officers  and  standing  committees. 

5.  Unfinished  business. 

6.  Miscellaneous  business. 

HI.  Social. 

Sec.  5.  Parliamentary  Procedure.— Cushing's  Manual 
shall  be  the  guide  for  parliamentary  procedure  in  this 
society. 

17 


Sec.  6.  Limits  of  Discussion.— Members  shall  be  lim- 
ited in  the  discussion  of  scientific  subjects  to  five  minutes, 
except  the  reader  of  a  paper,  who  shall  be  allowed  fifteen 
minutes  in  closing  the  discussion.  No  member  shall  be 
allowed  to  speak  more  than  twice  on  the  same  subject. 

Sec.  7.  Dues.— The  dues  of  active  members  shall  be 
$6.00  per  year,  payable  at  or  before  the  stated  meeting  in 
January.  New  members  shall  be  allowed  a  rebate  of 
$1.00  for  each  stated  meeting  held  since  the  preceding 
January,  up  to  and  including  that  of  their  election.  The 
dues  of  new  members  shall  be  paid  at  or  before  the  second 
stated  meeting  after  their  election.  Dues  of  non-resident 
active  members,  residing  and  practicing  more  than  thirty 
miles  from  New  York  City,  shall  be  $2.00  per  year,  pay- 
able at  or  before  the  stated  meeting  in  January.  Dues 
of  associate  members  shall  be  the  same  as  those  of  active 
members,  payable  when  they  make  their  application. 

Sec.  8.  Assessments.— The  society  may,  by  a  three- 
fourths  vote  of  the  members  present,  levy  one  or  more 
assessments,  not  to  exceed  $5.00  on  each  member,  in  any 
one  year. 

Sec.  9.  Penalties.— Any  member  in  arrears  for  six 
months  shall  be  suspended  until  his  dues  are  paid.  The 
name  of  any  member  in  arrears  for  two  years  shall  be 
dropped  from  the  roll.  He  may  have  it  restored  upon 
payment  of  dues  to  date,  and  by  a  two-thirds  vote  of  the 
members  present  at  a  stated  meeting. 

The  Treasurer  must  notify  a  member  in  arrears  at 
least  one  month  before  the  time  at  which  he  is  liable  to  be 
suspended  or  to  have  his  name  dropped  from  the  roll. 

Sec.  10.  Notices.— All  notices  required  to  be  sent  to 
any  member  may  be  sent  by  mail,  prepaid,  and  directed 
to  him  at  his  residence  or  office,  and  such  mailing  shall 
be  presumptive  evidence  of  the  due  service  thereof. 

Sec.  11.  Copies  of  Papers.— Copies  of  all  papers  read 
before  this  society  shall  be  presented  to  the  society  at 
the  same  meeting  at  which  they  are  read. 

Sec.  12.  Suspension  of  By-Laws.— These  By-Laws  may 

18 


be  suspended  at  any  meeting  by  a  four-fifths  vote  of  the 
members  present. 

Sec.  13.  Executive  Committee.— All  executive  business 
of  the  society  shall  be  transacted  by  a  committee  com- 
posed of  the  officers  of  the  society  and  the  standing  com- 
mittees. 


19 


OFFICERS  OF  THE  SOCIETY  SINCE  ITS 
ORGANIZATION  IN  1889. 

Presidents. 


Ramon  Guiteras   1889 

D.  Bryson  Delavan  ....    1890,  1891-92 

Walter  L.  Carr   1893 

Joseph  B.  Bissell   1894 

Adolph  Rupp   1895 

Richard  C.  Newton   1896 

Brooks  H.  Wells   1897 

Walter  B.  Johnson   1898 

William  L.  Stowell   1899 

William  L.  Baner   1900 

Henry  H.  Schroeder   1901 

Arthur  T.  Muzzy   1902 

George  H.  Mallett   1902 

D.  Ernest  Walker   1903 

Alexander  Lyle   1904 

Vice-Presidents. 

Charles  W.  Stimson   1899 

Ramon  Guiteras   1890, 1891 

Walter  L.  Carr   1892 

Richard  C.  Newton   1893 

Adolph  Rupp   1894 

Daniel  P.  Pease   1895 

Brooks  H.  Wells   1896 

Walter  B.  Johnson   1897 

William  L.  Stowell   1898 

20 


Fielding  L.  Taylor   1899,  1900 

John  M.  Kennedy  1901 

George  H.  Mallett  1902 

Alexander  Lyle  1903 

Joseph  F.  Terriberry  1904 

Secretaries. 

William  L.  Baner   1889,  1890 

D.  Ernest  Walker  1891 

Carter  S.  Cole  1892 

Alexander  Lyle  1893 

Ealph  Waldo  1894 

E.  Pierre  Mallett   1895-1897 

Charles  J.  Proben  1898 

Alvah  M.  Newman   1898-1900 

Allen  Hazen   1901,  1902 

Charles  G.  Child,  Jr   1903, 1904 

Assistant  Secretary. 

C.  J.  Proben  1896 

Treasurers. 

Granville  M.  White  1889 

Arthur  T.  Muzzy   1890-1894 

William  L.  Stowell   1895-1897 

Henry  H.  Schroeder    ....  1898-1900 

D.  Ernest  WTalker   1901, 1902 

Joseph  F.  Terriberry  1903 

Walter  C.  Klotz  1904 

Editors. 

Arthur  T.  Muzzy   1896-1901 

William  L.  Stowell   1902, 1903 

J.  W.  Draper  Maury  1904 

21 


Honorary  Members. 


Elected 

1892    Bangs,  L.  Bolton 

1892    Callan,  Peter  A. 

1892    Taylor,  Robert  W. 

1889    Yale,  Leroy  M. 

1904  .    .    .    o    .  Cleveland,  Clement 

Active  Members. 

1892    Adams,  Alpheus  E. 

1895    Aldrich,  John 

1891   Andrews,  John  L. 

1902    Antony,  Charles 

1892    Bangs,  L.  Bolton 

1892    Callan,  Peter  A. 

Founder     ....  Baner,  William  L. 

"  ....  Bissell,  Joseph  B. 

1900    Boyd,  William  A. 

1903    Boyde,  August  S. 

1889    Brandt,  Washington  J. 

1903    Breckwedel,  Harry  B. 

1889    Bridges,  Arlanden  C. 

1900    Burgess,  Maynard  G. 

1890    Carpenter,  Frank  B. 

1896    Carr,  Matthew  L. 

Founder     ....  Carr,  Walter  L. 

1900    Chapin,  Clifford  S. 

1900    Child,  Charles  G.,  Jr. 

1890    Cladek,  Walter  E. 

1890    Cole,  Carter  S. 

22 


1899    Collyer,  Herman  L. 

1896    Corwin,  Theodore  W. 

1897    Coughlin,  John  H. 

1899    Delavan,  D.  Bryson 

1901   Denslow,  Le  Grand  N. 

1891   Dew,  J.  Harvie 

1901   Donovan,  William 

1903    Earl,  William  P. 

1889    Ferrer,  Jose  M. 

1904    Fiske,  James  P. 

1893    Ford,  Charles  M. 

1901  ......  Foote,  Sherman  K. 

1901   Gallaway,  George  E. 

Founder    ....  Gilley,  William  C. 

"  ....  Guiteras,  Eamon 

1889    Hamlin,  George  D. 

1901   Haney,  James  P. 

1893    Harrison,  Stephen  D. 

1893    Harrison,  Gessner 

1894    Hazen,  Henry  C. 

1904    Healy,  William  P. 

1895    Hodgson,  John  H.  P. 

1904    Hongh,  Perry  B. 

1903    Howard,  C.  Norman 

1902    Hughes,  John  L. 

1890    Hustace,  Francis 

1899    Jarecky,  Herman 

1900    Johnson,  Harry  D. 

1891   Johnson,  Walter  B. 

1900    Kelly,  Henry  T. 

1889    Kennedy,  John  M. 

1900    Klotz,  Walter  C. 

1892    Leon,  Alexis  M. 

1900    Livingston,  Ernest  P. 

1890    Lyle,  Alexander 

1900    Lynch,  Charles  F. 

1899    McAuliffe,  George  B. 

1902    McCafferty,  John  A. 

23 


1902    McDermott,  James 

1892    Mallett,  E.  Pierre 

1890    Mallett,  George  H. 

1898    Manges,  Morris 

1900    Marcus,  Leopold 

1900    Maury,  J.  W.  Draper 

1897    Merrigan,  Thomas  D. 

1899  ......  Meyer,  Alfred  E. 

1890    Miller,  Ansel  I. 

1889    Milroy,  William  F. 

1903    Moore,  Albertus  A. 

1903    Munson,  Alban,  E. 

1899    Myers,  Howard  G. 

1896    Newman,  Alvah  M. 

1889    Newton,  Richard  C. 

1902    Ogilvy,  Charles 

1896    Oppenheimer,  Henry  S. 

1895    Overton,  Frank 

1889    Partridge,  Edward  L. 

1899    Piffard,  Henry  G. 

1892    Pomeroy,  Ralph  H. 

1903    Potter,  Palmer  A. 

1902    Quimby,  William  O'G. 

1903    Quin,  Vincent  E. 

1901   Reilly,  Thomas  F. 

1902    Reynolds,  Walter  S. 

1900    Rinard,  Charles  C. 

1889    Rockwell,  Thomas  H. 

1903    Rockwell,  A.  Vincent 

1890    Rupp,  Adolph 

1889    Russell,  John  F. 

1904    Saunders,  Norman  B. 

Founder     ....  Schroeder,  Henry  H. 

1896    Shrady,  John  E. 

1902    Sill,  E.  Mather 

1903    Spiller,  William  G. 

1889    Sprague,  David  H. 

1902    Steinach,  William 

24 


1897    Stewart,  William  H. 

1899    Stimson,  Daniel  M. 

1901   Stone,  William  E. 

1893    Stowell,  William  L. 

1892    Swift,  Lawrence  C. 

1895    Taylor,  Fielding  L. 

1899    Terriberry,  Joseph  F. 

1900    Thelberg,  Martin  A.  H. 

1902    Tousey,  Ealph 

1889    Waldo,  Ealph 

Founder    ....  Walker,  D.  Ernest 

1900    Waterman,  Jerome  H. 

1903    Weiss,  George  C. 

1889    Wells,  Brooks  H. 

1903    Wells,  Franklin  C. 

1902    Wells,  Jonathan  G. 

1900    Wherry,  Elmer  G. 

Founder     ....  White,  Granville  M. 

1899    Wiesner,  Daniel  H. 

Associate  Members. 

1899    Brewer,  George  E. 

1902    Gilfillan,  W.  Whitehead 

1903    Goffe,  J.  Eiddle 

1890    Jackson,  George  T. 

1900    Kalish,  Eichard 

1900    Quinlan,  Francis  J. 

1904    Eansom,  Charles  C. 

1902    Walker,  John  B. 


25 


IN  ME  MORI  AM. 

Elected 

Died 

1889    .  . 

.    .   Allen,  C.  S. 

1893 

1890    .  . 

.    .    Baldwin,  A.  Van  Nest 

1897 

Founder 

.    .    Embree,  J.  Eobert 

1899 

1898    .  . 

.    .   Hazen,  Allen 

1903 

1896    .  . 

.    .    Huntington,  H.  K. 

1896 

1891    .  . 

.    .   Holsten,  George 

1896 

1889    .  . 

.    .   Linehan,  J.  B. 

1890 

1889    .  . 

.    .    Merriam,  Frank  C. 

1900 

1900    .  . 

.    .    Marston,  Daniel  W. 

1901 

Founder 

.    .    Malleson,  P.  A.  O. 

1898 

1889    .  . 

.    .    Muzzy,  Arthur  T. 

1902 

1900    .  . 

.    .    Nolan,  Frank  W. 

1901 

1889    .  . 

.    .    O  'Dwyer,  Joseph 

1898 

1892    .  . 

.    .    Pease,  Daniel  P. 

1902 

1892    .  . 

.    .    Pierson,  William 

1900 

1901    .  . 

.    .    Whitwell,  William  S. 

1903 

1901    .  . 

.    .    Woolworth,  Earl  E. 

1903 

20 


SOUTH  END  OP  ISLAND. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  CITY  HOSPITAL 


Public  institutions  devoted  to  the  welfare  of  a  city's 
poorest  classes  resemble,  in  one  respect,  philanthropic 
men  and  women.  Not  infrequently  they  leave  no  written 
record  of  the  work  which  they  have  accomplished. 

In  the  case  of  the  City  Hospital,  this  is  uniquely  true. 
Perhaps  a  portion  of  the  difficulty  which  is  encountered 
in  attempting  to  trace  the  early  history  of  the  institu- 
tion may  correctly  be  ascribed  to  the  loss  of  some  of  its 
records  during  the  conflagration  in  1858.  Perhaps  the 
physicians  and  surgeons  who  gave  their  time  to  the  insti- 
tution were  too  busy  to  give  thought  to  recording  their 
work.  Perhaps— and  this  is  almost  a  certainty —munici- 
pal management  of  the  institution  was  so  corrupt  that 
the  records  were  kept  after  a  farcical  fashion  simply  as 
an  excuse  for  drawing  a  salary.  In  no  public  institution 
has  political  chicanery  and  corruption  been  more  brazen 
and  profligate. 

Whatever  the  cause,  the  fact  remains  that  it  is  impos- 
sible to  glean  any  but  the  most  meagre  accounts  of  the 
early  history  of  the  hospital. 

That  at  times  this  was  a  dark  and  altogether  forbid- 
ding one  is  gathered  from  two  sources.  Sanger  states 
again  and  again  that  the  maladministration  of  the  hos- 
pital was  a  crime  against  the  city  government.  To  this 
day  there  is  an  innate  objection  on  the  part  of  the  desti- 
tute sick  to  go  to  the  6  i  Island/ '  As  in  many  other 
instances,  the  so-called  ' i  good  old  days  ' '  were  evidently 
gloomy  enough.  The  institution  then  and  the  institution 
now  are  not  to  be  compared. 

No  history  of  the  hospital  would  be  complete  without 
brief  allusion  to  the  island  upon  which  it  is  built.  The 
Indians  called  it  Minnahanonck.  They  conveyed  it  to  the 

29 


Dutch  Governor,  Wouter  Van  Twiller,  in  the  year  1637, 
and  the  euphonious  native  name  was  made  to  give  place 
to  the  Dutch  Varken  or  Hog  Island.  Captain  Francis 
Fyn,  a  noted  character  in  Manhattan  at  that  period, 
obtained  the  island  by  grant  in  1651,  and  it  was  held  by 
him  until  the  outbreak  of  the  war  with  the  Indians  in 
1666.  Subsequent  to  the  British  confiscation  of  the  prop- 
erty, it  was  granted  to  Captain  Manning,  a  notable  char- 
acter who  had  played  an  active  part  against  the  Dutch. 
He  promptly  named  the  island  after  himself;  and  on  his 
death,  which  occurred  some  time  after  1686,  it  was  in- 
herited by  his  stepdaughter,  Mary  Manningham.  She 
married  Robert  Blackwell  and,  by  precedent,  the  property 
took  the  family  name.  It  is  not  inappropriate  to  express 
the  hope  that  in  the  near  future  an  enlightened  city  gov- 
ernment will  give  back  to  the  island  its  original  name  of 
Minnahanonck. 

The  island  comprises  about  120  acres.  It  lies  in  the 
East  Eiver  between  two  navigable  channels.  The  depth 
of  water  on  the  west  side  approaches  one  hundred  feet, 
and  the  geological  formation  of  the  island  is  said  to  re- 
semble that  of  the  shoals  off  Cape  Hatteras  and  the  Vir- 
ginia shore.  It  is,  in  other  words,  distinct  from  the  Man- 
hattan formation.  The  depth  of  the  channel  separating  it 
from  Manhattan  Island  is  of  value  to  shipping  in  that  it 
materially  reduces  the  velocity  of  the  current.  It  offered, 
however,  a  rather  serious  obstacle  to  the  introduction 
on  the  island  of  Croton  water.  This  was  accomplished 
about  forty-eight  years  ago  by  building  the  entire  length 
of  pipe  necessary  to  bridge  the  channel  on  one  of  the 
sloping  banks  in  the  neighborhood  of  80th  Street.  This 
was  launched  after  the  manner  of  a  ship,  and  after  a  few 
anxious  moments  shot  up  on  Blackwell's  Island  side. 

The  idea  now  advocated  that  this  island  should  be  used 
as  a  place  of  recreation  for  the  people  is  not  of  recent 
origin,  for  even  before  the  conception  of  the  park  idea 
many  far-sighted  men  argued  that  the  spot  was  too  beau- 
tiful to  be  used  as  a  housing  place  for  criminals.  When 

30 


BLACK  WELL'S  ISLAND  BRIDGE. 

"  DEPARTMENT  OF  BRIDGES,  NEW  YORK  CITY.  " 


the  corner  stone  of  the  Island  Hospital  was  laid,  Mr. 
Washington  Smith,  President  of  the  Board  of  Governors, 
alluded  to  Blackwell's  Island  as  the  "  New  York  Garden 
of  Charity.' ' 

It  is  difficult  to  conceive  that  only  seventy-five  years 
ago  the  island  was  in  point  of  time  more  distant  from 
the  city  proper  than  North  Brothers  or  islands  even  more 
remote  are  to-day.  It  was  reached  only  after  passing  up 
the  old  Boston  Road,  which,  it  will  be  remembered,  began 
where  Park  Row  now  stands  and  led  up  the  eastern  side 
of  Manhattan  Island.  Through  lanes  which  were  almost 
inaccessible,  because  of  mud  and  absence  of  drainage,  one 
arrived  at  the  quaint  old  ferry  after  a  laborious  climb 
down  the  steep  bluff  of  the  eastern  shore. 

The  swift  tides  of  the  East  River  rendered  access  to  the 
island  by  sailing  craft  altogether  fortuitous;  since  it  some- 
times took  a  couple  of  days  to  accomplish  the  voyage 
from  the  city. 

It  is  little  to  be  wondered  at  that  this  practically  remote 
island,  which,  as  its  Dutch  name  implies,  had  for  almost 
two  centuries  been  peopled  largely  by  swine  and  their 
herders,  should  have  seemed  to  the  city  government  suit- 
able only  for  a  criminal  population. 

The  direct  impetus  which  led  to  the  purchase  of  this 
rather  obscure  tract  of  land  by  the  city  can  be  traced  to 
the  condition  of  Bellevue  Hospital  about  the  year  1825. 
In  the  matter  of  these  details,  as  of  many  others,  this  his- 
tory is  indebted  to  "  An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital,' 9 
edited  by  Robert  J.  Carlisle,  M.D.  It  will  be  remem- 
'  bered  that  the  present  buildings  called  Bellevue  Hospital 
were  originally  designed  to  be  used  as  a  city  almshouse. 
On  the  29th  of  April,  1816,  the  Bellevue  Committee  form- 
ally opened  the  establishment  and  delivered  it  to  the 
government. 

The  administration  of  the  institution  for  the  ten  years 
succeeding  this  was  exceedingly  corrupt. 

At  length,  in  1825,  in  response  to  a  wave  of  popular  in- 
dignation which  swept  over  the  city,  the  old  staff  of 

31 


managers  was  dismissed  and  a  reform  administration  put 
in  charge.  The  medical  department  was  immediately 
transferred  from  its  quarters  in  the  workshop  building 
to  the  new  fever  hospital;  but  it  was  twenty-two  years 
before  the  sick  inmates  of  the  almshouse  were  admitted 
to  the  buildings  which  are  familiar  to-day. 

It  is  interesting  that  the  two  great  municipal  hospitals 
of  New  York,  Bellevue  and  City  Hospital,  trace  their 
origin  directly,  not  to  the  need  of  a  hospital  per  se,  but 
of  an  almshouse.  It  is  further  an  interesting  question 
whether  a  third  such  hospital  is  not  gradually  being 
evolved  from  our  present  Almshouse.  The  rapid  improve- 
ment in  the  hospital  of  the  existing  institution,  and  the 
very  great  change  which  has  taken  place  in  the  character 
of  the  service  at  the  City  Hospital  in  the  last  ten  years, 
seem  to  point  that  way. 

It  is  well  known  that  only  a  short  time  ago  the  wards 
of  the  City  Hospital  contained  a  large  percentage  of  resi- 
dent incurables,  many  of  whom  were  sent  there  from  the 
Almshouse.  The  present  admirable  accommodations  of 
this  institution  fit  it  to  care  for  these  patients,  and  indeed 
the  tide  of  transfer  has  turned  from  the  City  Hospital  to 
the  Almshouse.  The  result  of  this  has  naturally  been  to 
improve  the  character  of  the  City  Hospital  service. 

Turning  again  to  the  causes  which  operated  in  the 
building  of  the  present  hospital,  we  quote  from  the  Belle- 
vue history:  "  Some  time  after  1828,  when  the  Island 
was  purchased,'  a  new  penitentiary  was  begun.  This 
was  the  direct  result  of  the  suggestions  of  the  medical 
committee  of  investigation,  which  had  been  appointed 
to  remedy  the  shocking  conditions  existing  at  Bellevue. 
There,  in  buildings  intended  simply  for  almshouse  admin- 
istration, were  congregated  in  one  sickening  mass  the  des- 
titute, the  prisoners,  the  victims  of  all  forms  of  infectious 
and  contagious  disease;  the  insane  of  the  entire  com- 
munity. 9  9 

New  York  City,  like  all  seaports,  was  a  hotbed  where 
crime  of  the  lowest  types  flourished,  and  it  is  not  sur- 

32 


EAST  TOWER  QF  BRIDGE. 

"  DEPARTMENT  OF  BRIDGES,  NEW  YORK  CITY." 


prising  that  before  any  appreciable  time  had  elapsed  the 
inadequate  buildings  of  Bellevue  were  entirely  and  hope- 
lessly congested.  In  1836  the  new  penitentiary  was 
opened  and  the  male  prisoners  were  transferred  to  it  from 
Bellevue.  The  relief  that  this  created  cannot  be  ade- 
quately estimated.  In  the  smallpox  ward,  for  example, 
the  hospital  was  so  frightfully  overcrowded  that  male 
and  female  patients  were  confined  in  the  same  room. 

Now  and  again  typhus  had  appeared.  Few  personal 
accounts  of  typhus  epidemics  in  this  city  are  more 
graphic  and  horrible  in  their  details  than  that  related 
by  the  late  Dr.  John  T.  Metcalfe  of  the  epidemic  of 
1863.  While  carrying  the  account  a  little  ahead  in 
point  of  time,  the  history,  as  it  was  related  to  the 
writer,  will  not  here  be  out  of  place.  Dr.  Metcalfe 
said  that  this  was  the  seventh  epidemic  of  the  kind 
which  had  devastated  the  hospital.  The  patients  had 
been  removed  to  one  of  the  garret-like  wards  immediately 
beneath  the  roof.  The  shingles  were  rotten  and  the  beds, 
on  account  of  the  great  number  of  victims,  had  to  be 
placed  so  closely  that  the  drip  pans,  which  were  employed 
by  the  prisoner-nurses  to  catch  the  floods  of  rain,  could  no 
longer  be  kept  on  the  floor,  but  were  placed  upon  the  beds. 
The  treatment  consisted  chiefly  of  stimulation,  and  the 
raw  ward  whiskey  was  used  for  this  purpose.  On  one  oc- 
casion, in  the  dead  of  winter,  Metcalfe  visited  the  ward  and 
ordered  an  increased  ration  of  toddy  for  all  the  patients 
because  of  the  extreme  cold.  There  were  no  suitable  means 
of  heating  the  garret.  Early  in  the  morning,  fearful  that 
disaster  might  have  overtaken  his  patients,  he  rose  and 
struggled  to  the  hospital  through  a  blinding  blizzard 
which  had  been  raging  since  the  afternoon  before.  On 
climbing  the  last  steps  and  opening  the  creaking  door, 
he  encountered  a  horrible  sight.  His  two  nurses,  foul,  de- 
bauched prisoners  from  the  Penitentiary,  lay  in  a  drunken 
stupor  upon  the  floor.  Snow  had  drifted  in  through  the 
rifts  in  the  rotten  roof  and  lay  in  great  white  sheets  about 
the  room.   It  covered  the  dirt.    On  some  of  the  beds  it 

33 


had  been  in  part  brushed  away  by  the  dying  patients.  On 
twelve  beds  its  surface  was  unbroken.  The  nurses  had 
drunk  their  patients'  liquor  and  during  the  night  twelve 
victims  had  died. 

If  this  condition  existed  in  1863,  after  the  congestion 
had  been  relieved  by  sending  all  prisoners,  lunatics  and 
infectious  cases  to  the  Island,  how  unspeakable  must 
have  been  the  state  of  affairs  which  called  for  the  erection 
of  the  buildings  on  Blackwell's  Island! 

In  1837  a  small  wooden  building  was  placed  on  the 
southern  extremity  of  the  Island  near  or  upon  the  present 
site  of  the  Nurses'  Home.  It  was  dignified  by  the  name 
of  the  "  Smallpox  Hospital  of  the  City  of  New  York." 
For  many  years  after,  indeed,  until  the  "  City  Step- 
fathers," as  they  are  humorously  styled  by  Dr.  Francis, 
were  forced  to  improve  conditions,  all  the  victims  of  small- 
pox, rich  and  poor  alike,  men,  women  and  children,  were 
obliged  to  subject  themselves  to  indescribable  discom- 
forts in  this  filthy  place  of  torment.  To  Sanger,  as  it  will 
later  be  seen,  the  community  is  indebted  for  the  building 
of  the  new  smallpox  hospital. 

Of  medical  records  from  1836  to  1846  there  is  practi- 
cally no  trace.  It  is  stated  in  the  annual  report  of  the 
Department  of  Public  Charities  for  1902,  page  27,  that  the 
Island  Hospital  was  established  in  1832.  This  probably 
refers  to  the  Penitentiary  Hospital,  which  at  the  outset 
was  the  name  of  the  present  City  Hospital.  The  history 
of  the  development  of  this  institution  is  much  encumbered 
by  the  fact  that  the  name  of  the  hospital  has  been  changed 
no  less  than  four  times.  From  an  unknown  period,  dating, 
however,  presumably  very  shortly  after  the  building  of 
the  Penitentiary,  or  being,  indeed,  perhaps  coincidental 
with  it,  the  institution  was  known  as  the  Penitentiary 
Hospital. 

By  a  decision  of  a  sub-committee  of  the  Committee  of 
Charity  and  Almshouse,  1847,  which  sub-committee  con- 
sisted of  Drs.  Drake,  Eeese  and  Wood,  "Blackwell's 
Island  Hospital,  comprising  the  lunatic  asylum  and  the 

34 


ARRIVAL  OP  PATIENTS, 


medical  and  surgical  cases  of  disease  among  the  children 
and  convicts  on  Blackwell's  Island,  was  separated  from 
Bellevue  Hospital  proper. ' '  Here  is  seen  what  was  prob- 
ably the  first  germ  of  the  term  "  Island  Hospital,"  by 
which  name  the  institution  was  known  from  1857  until 
1866.  To  this  day,  indeed,  the  legend  ' i  Island  Hospital  ' ' 
can  plainly  be  seen  cut  in  bold  relief  in  a  great  stone  over 
the  southern  fagade,  high  up  under  the  eaves. 

In  1866  the  name  "  Island  Hospital  "  was  changed  to 
"  Charity  Hospital,"  and  because  of  a  real  or  fanciful 
objection  on  the  part  of  the  patients  of  the  institution  this 
last  name  was  in  1892  changed  to  "  City  Hospital." 

The  history  of  the  coiiditions  as  related  by  Sanger, 
exposure  of  which  finally  enabled  him  to  force  the  Board 
of  Governors  into  action,  rivals  in  vileness  of  detail  the 
histories  of  the  public  institutions  of  a  similar  kind  in 
England  one  to  two  hundred  years  ago.  It  has  been  said 
that,  prior  to  1846,  there  are  no  available  records  of  work 
done,  of  staff  or  of  inmates  of  the  Penitentiary  Hospital. 
In  justification  of  this  statement,  an  abstract  has  been 
made  of  the  reports  for  the  year  ending  1846.  f 

As  far  back  as  1846  there  is  echoed  the  same  complaint 
which  we  have  heard  so  vigorously  in  the  last  few  months, 
that  many  patients  were  sent  to  the  municipal  hospitals 
from  private  institutions  in  a  dying  condition,  in  order 
that  the  reports  of  the  private  hospitals  might  be  favor- 
able as  to  death  rate.  In  a  report  of  this  date  signed  by 
Fenelon  Hasbrouck,  the  resident  physician  of  the  Alms- 
house Department,  is  found  the  following: 

1  i  The  number  of  consumptive  cases  is  very  great,  and 
of  these  the  deaths  are  consequently  very  frequent,  and 
this  fact  has  probably  given  rise  to  a  slanderous  remark 
often  uttered  against  our  Almhouse  Hospitals  that  pa- 
tients when  sent  there  '  are  sure  to  die.'  To  those  who 
thus  speak  I  take  the  liberty  through  you  of  stating  that 
at  least  two-fifths  of  those  who  die  at  our  hospitals  are 
received  by  us,  pronounced  incurable  before  they  are 
sent,  and  in  a  dying  state.    During  the  past  year  three 

35 


have  died  at  the  very  door  in  the  vehicles  in  which  they 
were  brought,  ten  more  within  two  or  three  hours  after 
admission,  and  forty  within  the  first  week.  Very  many 
are  sent  from  the  city  hospitals,  New  York,  where  they 
have  been  for  months  under  treatment,  then  pronounced 
incurable  and  dismissed  for  us  to  take  charge  of  during 
the  remainder  of  their  lives;  others  come  directly  from 
the  city  with  certificates  from  physicians  who  have  for  a 
length  of  time  attended  them,  and  who,  finding  either 
that  their  remedies  are  of  no  avail,  or  (what  is  more 
probable)  that  the  purses  of  their  patients  are  entirely 
emptied,  send  them  to  the  Almhouse  Hospital  to  die,  and 
for  their  own  satisfaction  or  recompense  when  such  a  re- 
sult does  occur  make  the  slanderous  remark  alluded  to 
above. 1 ' 

Almost  sixty  years  of  protest  against  this  uncivilized 
treatment  of  the  pauper  population  of  the  city  had  until 
a  very  recent  date  been  treated  by  the  authorities  with 
contempt. 

Dr.  W.  W.  Sanger  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  Peni- 
tentiary Hospital  in  1845,  "  the  institution  at  the  same 
time  having  been  separated  by  the  Common  Council  from 
the  general  direction  of  the  resident  physician  of  the 
Almshouse  Department. ' '  At  this  time  1 1  the  most  promi- 
nent real  want  of  the  institution  is  that  of  a  proper  male 
hospital,  this  branch  being  located  in  the  uppermost  story 
of  the  Penitentiary  and  entirely  unfitted  for  the  treatment 
of  patients. ' ' 

Although  relating  only  in  a  somewhat  distant  manner 
to  the  City  Hospital  history,  this  old  document  cannot 
be  put  aside  without  noticing  that  a  large  number  of  its 
pages  are  taken  up  by  the  record  of  Mr.  John  McGrath, 
Visitor, 1 '  relative  to  children  indentured  from  the  Alms- 
house Department. '  9  Inasmuch  as  the  Hospital  was  only 
just  separated  from  the  Almshouse  Department,  it  is 
certain  that  a  considerable  number  of  the  children  re- 
ferred to  were  taken  from  the  Penitentiary  Hospital, 
although  the  record  does  not  so  state. 

36 


Some  of  McGrath's  notes  are  very  amusing,  as  seen 
from  the  standpoint  of  to-day.  For  instance,  "  William 
H.  Stokley  to  Aaron  D.  Stokley,  Cottage  Place,  Third 
Street,  adopted  by  him  when  very  young.  Allows  him  to 
run  at  large.  Was  reprimanded  for  it. ' ' 

The  following,  which  shows  the  method  of  disposing 
of  some  foundlings,  is  not  without  interest:  "  Eandolph 
Washington  to  Martin  Switzer,  No.  180  William  Street; 
was  a  foundling;  was  paid  for  nursing  him  six  and  seven 
years.  Thinks  he  is  now  on  farms. ' ' 

Another,  illustrating  that  sometimes  these  bound  chil- 
dren were  very  well  treated  by  their  foster  parents,  reads 
as  follows, ' '  Patrick  Harrold,  bound  to  George  Tagliobue, 
No.  240  Water  Street,  May  16,  1839;  reads,  writes  and 
ciphers;  gets  on  in  his  business  remarkably  well;  his  mas- 
ter and  himself  well  satisfied. ' ' 

Sometimes  the  real  parents  interfered  with  these  ar- 
rangements, as  in  the  case  of  "  John  Mealy,  bound  to 
Aaron  Eead  Bedford,  December  22,  1833;  sent  to  school; 
was  with  him  three  years;  appeared  to  be  contented;  his 
mother  and  sister  came  and  enticed  him  away." 

These  tales  carry  one  back  to  the  days  of  Dickens  and 
Oliver  Twist. 

Year  by  year,  as  one  follows  these  old  records,  is  noted 
the  constant  struggle  of  the  physician  against  his  mate- 
rial master,  the  politician.  Formerly  the  practice  was 
that  an  assistant  physician  from  Bellevue  had  immediate 
charge.  He  remained  two  months  and  was  then  super- 
seded by  another.  This  arrangement  was  not  only  detri- 
mental to  the  patients,  but  also  to  the  economy  of  the  es- 
tablishment. 

Perusal  of  this  from  the  earliest  obtainable  report  in- 
forms us  of  the  appointment  of  Dr.  Sanger  and  reveals  the 
confession  that  previous  to  the  year  1846  there  was  an 
almost  total  absence  of  records;  also  that  the  new  hospital 
had  evidently  not  yet  been  used  for  the  treatment  of  male 
patients. 

Conceive  the  appalling  state  of  affairs  hereby  pre- 

37 


sented.  In  a  space  40  x  60  there  were  remaining  about 
200  patients.  Over  1,000  had  been  received,  discharged 
or  had  died. 

Despite  this  fearful  congestion,  private  greed  on  the 
part  of  the  political  managers  almost  sufficed  to  prevent 
the  changes  recommended  by  Sanger— a  striking  illustra- 
tion of  the  fact  that  the  profession  has  all  along  been 
struggling  with  the  rapacity  of  a  corrupt  city  govern- 
ment. 

In  1847  Dr.  Reese  protests  as  follows: 

"  The  female  hospital,  although  not  containing  room 
enough,  has  tolerable  accommodations  and  will  probably 
answer  the  purpose  for  years  without  the  necessity  of 
building  another.  The  Penitentiary  Hospital  is  the  ven- 
ereal hospital  of  the  city,  and  such  is  deemed  by  some  an 
institution  having  a  tendency  to  subvert  public  morals, 
but  it  would  be  certainly  unwise  to  dispense  with  it.  The 
patients  are,  of  course,  both  vagrants  and  prisoners.  The 
former,  however,  have  the  advantage  of  numbers.  Not  a 
few  go  to  the  Tombs  and  obtain  a  voluntary  commitment 
to  the  Penitentiary,  and  perhaps,  after  having  gone  to 
the  dispensaries  to  obtain  treatment,  secure  from  the  at- 
tending physicians  a  ticket  stating  their  malady  and  de- 
sire to  go  to  Bellevue  Hospital,  and  make  application  to 
the  Superintendent  of  Out  Door  Poor's  office  to  procure 
the  pass  to  hospital  admittance.  Here,  upon  discovering 
the  character  of  their  ailments,  they  are,  by  virtue  of 
the  ordinance,  refused  permission  to  enter  Bellevue  Hos- 
pital and  are  directed  to  go  to  the  police  office  and  get 
committed  to  Blackwell's  Island.  Their  period  of  com- 
mitment should,  however,  be  of  longer  duration,  for  in 
many  cases,  just  as  they  are  enabled  to  get  about,  they 
leave  the  Island  without  having  an  opportunity  by  their 
labor  to  pay  for  their  support  and  treatment. " 

This  shows  that  in  the  late  forties  there  was  no  haven 
for  the  relief  of  venereal  disease  in  the  city,  unless  the 
patients  were  committed  through  the  police  courts,  and 
the  suggestion  above  cited  that  their  commitments  should 

38 


be  for  a  longer  period  affords  ground  for  interesting 
speculation.  The  idea  conveyed  in  the  report  would 
seem  to  be  that  their  period  of  confinement  should  be 
longer,  not  in  order  that  they  might  be  entirely  cured  of 
their  infection,  but  that  they  might  in  part  pay  by  work 
for  the  expense  of  maintaining  them  throughout  their 
illness.  In  later  reports  it  is  to  be  noted  that  Sanger 
complained  bitterly  about  this  method  of  commitment, 
until  it  was  finally  abrogated,  the  last  phase  in  the  mat- 
ter being  the  change  of  the  name  Penitentiary  to  Island 
Hospital. 

In  the  Commissioner's  Report  on  the  Smallpox  Hos- 
pital it  is  stated  that  this  pile  of  poor  outhouses  is  located 
near  the  southeastern  shore  of  Blackwell's  Island.  "  It 
is  certainly  a  matter  of  surprise  that  the  various  medical 
officers  who  have  had  charge  of  it  have  not,  for  the  honor 
of  the  city  as  well  as  the  comfort  of  the  patients,  to  say 
nothing  of  the  pride  of  the  profession  and  their  ardent 
desire  to  take  proper  and  effectual  care  of  their  patients, 
refused  to  tolerate  this  medical  corporation  nuisance. 
The  matron  has  remedied  some  of  the  glaring  defects  and 
rendered  it  somewhat  tolerable  as  a  mere  shelter,  but 
although  she  admirably  performs  her  duty,  she  has  no 
enviable  position  for  the  exercise  of  her  calling.  It  is 
not  generally  known  that  this  is  the  only  place  for  the 
reception  and  treatment  of  smallpox  patients  in  this 
city.  Strangers,  however  respectable,  should  they  break 
out  with  this  loathsome  disease  whilst  tarrying  here,  must 
be  taken  care  of  in  this  institution,  and  many  a  one  has 
been  a  patient  within  its  walls  who,  after  applying  to 
the  various  hospitals  for  shelter,  has  at  length  found  out 
the  necessity  of  applying  for  the  treatment  to  be  re- 
ceived in  our  Blackwell's  Island  variola  receptacle. 
Here  all  have  to  be  crowded  in  a  room  or  two,  some 
white  and  others  black,  some  enjoying  a  hoary  and 
worthy  respectability,  and  others  of  a  class  of  the  lowest 
character,  affording  no  opportunity  to  classify,  no  means 
of  accommodating  the  convalescent  with  a  change  of 

39 


rooms,  and  in  short  nothing  but  a  slight  chance  of  treat- 
ing the  patients  in  a  manner  their  cases  require.  I  trust 
that  ere  long  the  corporation  will  arrange  for  the  sup- 
plying of  our  smallpox  patients  with  an  adequate 
refuge." 

To  the  younger  Alumni  of  the  Hospital,  it  is  a  source 
of  constant  surprise  that  less  than  fifty  years  ago  so  much 
of  the  service  was  made  up  of  most  virulently  infectious 
diseases. 

The  report  of  the  Committee  of  Charity  and  Almshouse 
for  1847,  confirming  what  has  been  above  stated,  is  here- 
with presented. 

The  committee  of  medical  gentlemen  consisted  of  Drs. 
J ohn  W.  Francis,  James  M.  Smith,  Valentine  Mott,  James 
R.  Manley,  F.  C.  Stewart,  W.  Parker,  S.  R.  Harris,  James 
R.  Wood,  D.  M.  Reese,  G.  S.  Bedford  and  Benjamin 
Drake.  "  They  entered  upon  the  important  work  with 
a  degree  of  industry  and  zeal  which  gave  promise  of  the 
most  happy  results. ' ' 

This  committee  appointed  a  sub-committee  consisting 
of  Drs.  Benjamin  Drake,  D.  W.  Reese  and  James  R.  Wood, 
who  finally  crystallized  the  basis  of  medical  police,  so 
called,  and  medical  treatment  of  the  vast  body  of  poor 
(almost  1,500  even  at  this  time)  which  heretofore  had 
been  most  shockingly  neglected.  It  is  interesting  to  note 
that  very  largely  to  the  efforts  of  these  two  committees 
we  owe  the  present  system,  not  only  in  the  Public  Chari- 
ties Department,  but  in  our  private  hospitals  as  well. 

The  first  article  of  their  suggestions  contains  in  its 
first  section  the  following  statement:  "  The  hospital  de- 
partment of  the  Almshouse  shall  be  divided  into  two 
distinct  and  independent  sections,  first  the  Bellevue  Hos- 
pital proper,  comprising  the  medical  and  surgical  cases 
of  disease  at  Bellevue,  and  second  BlackwelPs  Island 
Hospital,  comprising  the  lunatic  asylum  and  the  medical 
and  surgical  cases  of  disease  among  the  children  and 
convicts  on  BlackwelPs  Island." 

Here  is  to  be  noted  that  a  condition  prevailed  against 

40 


which  Sanger  and  Kelly  had  both  struggled  for  years 
without  success,  viz.:  the  combining  of  the  children  and 
the  convicts  on  Blackwell's  Island.  "  They  shall  each 
have  a  distinct  and  independent  professional  service  at- 
tached to  them.  They  shall  each  be  under  the  charge  of 
a  resident  medical  officer,  and  both  sections  shall  be 
under  the  direction  and  supervision  of  the  joint  commit- 
tee of  Charity  and  the  Almshouse. 

"  Section  2— There  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Common 
Council  two  physicians  and  two  surgeons  whose  age  and 
professional  avocations  would  disqualify  them  for  the 
active  duties  of  visiting  physicians  and  surgeons,  but 
whose  practical  knowledge  and  large  experience  might 
render  their  opinions  and  services  highly  desirable  and 
useful,  who  shall  be  nominated  the  Consulting  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons  of  the  Hospital  Department  of 
the  Almshouse.  Their  appointment  shall  be  honorary 
and  their  services  gratuitous,  and  they  shall  hold 
their  appointments  during  the  pleasure  of  the  Common 
Council. ' ' 

"  Article  3,  Sec.  1— The  medical  officers  of  the  section 
known  as  Blackwell's  Island  Hospital,  comprising  the 
treatment  of  the  insane  and  the  medical  and  surgical 
cases  of  disease  among  the  children  and  convicts,  shall 
be  a  resident  physician,  four  visiting  physicians,  four 
deputy  resident  physicians  and  two  assistant  resident 
physicians.  There  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Common 
Council  a  regular  practitioner  of  medicine  and  surgery 
who  shall  be  denominated  the  '  Eesident  Physician  of 
Blackwell's  Island  Hospital,'  who  shall  hold  his  office 
during  the  pleasure  of  the  Board.  He  shall  reside  perma- 
nently at  the  Lunatic  Asylum  on  Blackwell 's  Island.  He 
shall  have  the  immediate  care  and  charge  of  the  treatment 
of  the  insane  and  the  general  charge  and  supervision  of 
the  other  medical  and  surgical  departments  of  Blackwell's 
Island  Hospital.  He  shall  receive  as  compensation  for 
his  services  the  sum  of  $1,000  per  annum,  together  with 
his  board  and  no  other  emoluments,  perquisites  or  fees 

41 


of  any  kind  whatever.  The  consulting  physicians  and 
surgeons,  visiting  physicians  of  the  lunatic  asylum,  to- 
gether with  the  Eesident  Physician  of  Blackwell 's  Island 
Hospital,  shall  constitute  the  '  Medical  Board  of  Black- 
well  's  Island  Hospital. '  Their  duties,  privileges  and  func- 
tions shall  be  similar  to  those  assigned  to  the  '  Medical 
Board  of  Bellevue  Hospital.'  " 

"  Sec.  5-The  Medical  Board  of  BlackwelPs  Island 
shall  nominate  and  appoint,  subject  to  the  approval  of 
the  joint  committee  on  Charity  and  the  Almshouse,  four 
regular  practitioners  of  medicine  and  surgery  in  good 
standing  and  of  high  moral  attainments,  who  shall  be 
denominated  the  '  Deputy  Resident  Physicians  of  Black- 
welPs Island  Hospital/  two  of  whom  shall  be  assigned 
the  immediate  charge  of  the  nurseries  and  to  the  others 
the  charge  of  the  penitentiary  department  of  the  hospital. 
They  shall  all  be  subject  to  the  direction  and  general 
supervision  of  the  Resident  Physician,  with  whom  they 
shall  advise  and  counsel  in  all  important  cases,  and  in 
cases  of  severe  surgical  diseases  or  injuries  it  shall  be 
their  duty  to  summon  consultation  of  the  visiting  sur- 
geons of  Bellevue  Hospital,  whenever  it  can  be  effected 
without  injury  to  the  patient  from  the  necessary  delay. 9  9 

It  is  seen  here  that  although  these  recommendations 
specifically  state  in  the  first  article,  section  1,  that  the 
two  divisions,  Bellevue  Hospital  and  BlackwelPs  Island 
Hospital,  shall  be  divided  into  two  distinct  and  independ- 
ent sections,  the  committee  drawing  up  these  resolutions 
had  not  yet  broken  away  from  the  old  idea  that  the 
BlackwelPs  Island  Hospital  was  a  sub-department  of 
Bellevue,  as  indeed  it  or  its  precursor  had  been  from  the 
earliest  days. 

"  They  shall  permanently  reside  on  the  Island  in  apart- 
ments designated  by  the  joint  committee  on  Charity  and 
Almshouse  and  be  entitled  to  their  board  or  $100  per 
annum  without  any  other  perquisite  or  emolument  what- 
ever, and  they  shall  hold  their  places  during  the  pleasure 
of  the  Medical  Board.    At  least  one  month's  notice  in 

42 


OLD  PENITENTIARY  HOSPITAL. 


writing  to  the  resident  physician  of  a  contemplation  of 
resignation  is  also  expected.  They  shall  have  seats  in  the 
Medical  Board  of  the  Island  and  may  participate  in  the 
discussions,  but  they  shall  not  have  the  right  to  vote. 
At  the  termination  of  their  term  of  service  they  shall  also 
receive  duly  authenticated  certificates. ' ' 

"  Sec.  7— The  Resident  Physician  of  Blackwell's  Island 
Hospital  shall  nominate  in  the  same  manner  as  provided 
for  in  the  Bellevue  Hospital  a  competent  person  to  act 
as  apothecary  to  Blackwell's  Island  Hospital.  He  shall 
only  receive  for  services  $150  per  annum. ' ' 

The  Report  of  1848,  signed  by  William  Kelly,  Resident 
Physician,  is  made  to  the  Honorable  Moses  Leonard, 
Commissioner  of  the  Almshouse  Department.  It  states 
that  the  number  of  patients  in  the  hospital  had  vastly 
increased  in  the  past  year.  In  the  last  six  months  both 
male  and  female  divisions  had  been  crowded  beyond  their 
utmost  limits.  ' 6  To  provide  for  these  enlarged  numbers, 
the  honorable  Common  Council  of  the  city  have  appro- 
priated the  liberal  sum  of  forty  thousand  dollars  for  the 
erection  of  a  new  hospital  building,  and  have  contracted 
that  the  whole  thing  be  completed  by  the  1st  of  Septem- 
ber, 1849.  According  to  the  contract  the  foundations  of 
the  entire  building  were  to  have  been  laid  last  fall, 
whereas  the  excavations  for  a  single  wing  have  not  been 
finished.  Where  the  fault  of  this  delay  lies  I  know  not. 
I  only  regret  most  deeply  that  any  unnecessary  delay 
should  be  allowed  to  occur  in  carrying  out  the  wishes  of 
the  Common  Council.  The  need  of  these  new  and  en- 
larged accommodations  is  manifest  in  the  extreme  in  the 
female  hospital— and  it  is  comfortable  and  well  in  every 
respect  excepting  in  that  of  numbers,  and  even  in  this  it 
is  tolerable,  although  there  is  not  a  ward  in  which  there 
are  not  from  two  to  six  patients  more  than  there  are 
beds."  The  Alumni,  even  of  recent  graduation,  will 
recollect  that  this  condition  persisted  almost  to  the  pres- 
ent day.  Who  can  forget  the  delights  as  House  Physi- 
cian of  crowding  an  Irishman,  a  Chinaman  and  a  Negro 

43 


into  two  narrow  beds?  "  The  imperative  call  for  relief 
is  from  the  male  hospital.  To  show  this  I  need  to  call 
your  attention  to  the  bill  of  mortality.  It  will  be  seen 
there  that  while  there  have  been  twice  as  many  women 
treated  during  the  year  as  men,  yet  there  have  been 
seventy-three  deaths  among  the  men,  while  there  have 
been  but  fifty-four  among  the  women.  This  great  dis- 
proportion I  attribute  entirely  to  the  inconvenience  of 
the  room  which  is  used  as  a  male  hospital.  Again,  in 
the  last  year  the  ship  fever  has  broken  out  four  times  in 
the  male  hospital.  It  was  not  imported ;  it  was  generated 
there  by  the  crowded  and  necessarily  filthy  condition  of 
this  room,  unsuited  in  every  respect  to  the  purpose  to 
which  it  has  been  appropriated.  There  are  at  this  mo- 
ment twenty-eight  cases,  and  there  have  been  during  the 
month  of  December  forty-eight  cases.  In  my  attendance 
upon  those  sick  of  it  I  contracted  it  myself  and  am  still 
laboring  under  its  effects.  What  produced  the  fever  was 
that  I  was  obliged  to  crowd  eighty  patients  into  a  room 
fitted  for  the  accommodation  of  fifty  only.  Through  the 
aid  of  yourself,  however,  a  shanty  and  a  part  of  the 
Luny  House  have  been  given  up  for  the  use  of  these 
sick.  We  hope  soon  to  see  this  fearful  malady  sub- 
siding. ' ' 

"  These  are  some  of  my  reasons  for  again  urging  that 
the  new  building  be  made  ready  for  the  reception  of 
patients  at  the  earliest  possible  date.  In  this  year  the 
number  of  patients  in  the  female  hospital  who  were  com- 
mitted voluntarily  vastly  outnumbered  those  who  were 
convicted  for  felony,  the  proportion  being  as  one  hundred 
and  six  to  sixty-six.  Not  a  few  of  these  cases  are  quite 
young.  One  girl  now  under  treatment  for  syphilis  is  not 
yet  thirteen  years  old.  Many  of  these  have  been  living 
lives  of  prostitution  for  but  a  few  weeks— have  been 
drawn  at  the  very  outset  of  their  course  by  want  or  by 
treachery  into  the  '  Points  '  or  the 6  Hook  '  and  at  once  af- 
fected with  disease,  have  been  turned  out  penniless  to 
care  for  and  cure  themselves.   They  are  not  depraved; 

44 


they  have  honorable  pride  still  left ;  they  know  that  they 
have  committed  no  crime;  they  cannot  separate  in  their 
minds  the  idea  of  a  prison  from  crime,  yet  they  must 
consent  to  become  prisoners,  must  acknowledge  them- 
selves criminals  before  they  can  secure  that  medical  care 
which  they  need  and  which  the  city  has  gratuitously  pro- 
vided for  such  as  they,  and  yet— it  seems  to  me  most 
unwisely— has  made  access  to  it  so  degrading  as  to  pre- 
clude all  but  the  least  deserving.  I  see  no  wisdom,  to 
say  nothing  of  justice,  in  the  law,  ordinance  or  custom 
that  requires  a  girl  affected  with  syphilis  to  become  a 
prisoner  before  she  can  become  a  patient.  This  hospital 
is  now  a  Penitentiary  Hospital  for  the  accommodation  of 
such  venereal  cases  as  may  voluntarily  become  prisoners. 
Why  not  have  it  a  venereal  hospital  proper,  to  be  used 
also  for  the  accommodation  of  such  convicts  in  the  Peni- 
tentiary as  may  become  sick!  Let  terms  of  admission 
be  issued  at  the  office  of  the  Commissioner  of  the  Alms- 
house and  not  at  the  Tombs  ;  let  the  patient  be  sent  here 
to  be  cured,  and  not  for  a  specified  period  of  time.  As 
it  now  is,  many  girls  committed  for  four  or  six  months 
are  well  in  four  or  six  weeks.  They  must  spend  the  bal- 
ance of  their  time  in  the  most  intimate  intercourse  with 
the  most  depraved  of  their  sex.  The  consequence  is  that 
already  initiated  pupils,  they  soon  become  as  proficient 
in  vice  as  their  teachers.  Again,  many  are  sent  up  for  a 
term  that  is  insufficient  in  which  to  work  a  cure.  They 
go  out  when  they  are  free  to  spread  the  disease  under 
which  they  themselves  are  laboring,  and  soon  to  return 
in  a  condition  worse  than  that  in  which  they  first  en- 
tered. 

"  There  is  a  propriety  in  establishing  in  the  great  city 
of  New  York  a  hospital  on  the  same  basis  as  tnat  on 
which  Bellevue  is  established,  for  the  treatment  of 
venereal  disease,  a  hospital  that  would  effect  something 
toward  staying  the  ravages  of  a  disease  that  does  not 
spend  itself  on  its  first  victim,  but  visits  fearfully  his 
offspring.   I  might  cite  also  the  example  that  has  been 

45 


set  by  the  great  cities  of  the  world  in  establishing  such 
hospitals,  but  I  leave  the  subject  to  you." 

At  this  time  Dr.  Kelly  was  also  in  charge  of  the  Small- 
pox Hospital  at  which  three  hundred  and  sixty-five  cases 
were  treated  during  the  year.  Many  of  the  deaths  occur- 
ring in  the  hospital  he  states  to  have  been  due  to  syphilis 
and  intemperance  rather  than  smallpox.  On  page  thirty- 
five  of  this  report  we  find  the  following  from  the  report 
of  Moses  G.  Leonard,  the  Almshouse  Commissioner: 

"  This  hospital  is  the  venereal  refuge  of  the  city.  It 
doubtless  has  its  impure  effect  upon  the  morale  of  human 
life.  It  may  perhaps  offer  inducements  to  the  progress 
and  perpetuation  of  vicious  inclinations,  but  though  this 
charge  be  true  I  do  not  doubt  the  wisdom  and  the  neces- 
sity of  its  existence. '  9 

It  is  interesting  to  notice  in  this  statement  of  a  public 
official  whose  function  was  to  dispense  the  city's  chari- 
ties the  lingering  belief,  which  had  evidently  been 
stamped  upon  him  by  good  old  puritanical  indoctrina- 
tion, that  those  who  had  contracted  venereal  disease  were 
not  entitled  to  any  form  of  charity,  either  physical  or 
moral.  Many  of  the  alumni  will  remember  that  even  in 
recent  years  the  venereal  wards  were  discriminated 
against  in  the  matter  of  food.  Not  more  than  five  years 
ago  the  milk,  for  example,  supplied  to  them  was  of 
an  entirely  lower  grade  than  that  distributed  to  the 
rest  of  the  hospital.  It  is  to  the  credit  of  the  profes- 
sion that  these  unfortunates,  especially  in  the  female 
wards,  are  slowly  being  emancipated  from  the  curse 
which  hung  so  heavily  upon  them  in  the  early  days  of 
the  hospital." 

Continuing,  the  report  says : 

* '  The  female  department  on  the  extreme  southern  end 
of  the  Island  appears  not  only  to  be  well  situated,  but 
possesses  many  conveniences  for  the  successful  treatment 
of  disease.  It  is  not,  however,  sufficiently  capacious  to 
properly  house  its  numerous  patients,  but,  until  the  new 
hospital  now  slowly  erecting  shall  be  finished,  it  will 

46 


doubtless  answer  as  well  as  it  has  so  far  done.  The  male 
department,  situated  in  the  dormitory  of  the  main  prison, 
has  so  often  been  the  theme  of  public  attention  and 
remark  as  to  render  it  unnecessary  to  allude  to  it  par- 
ticularly. The  present  Common  Council  have  provided 
the  means  to  furnish  a  substitute  in  an  eligible  spot  below 
the  Penitentiary.  This  new  Penitentiary  Hospital,  I 
learn,  will  be  a  model  institution,  constructed  upon  the 
most  liberal  principles  which  now  in  all  public  buildings 
—more  especially  hospitals— are  deemed  the  wisest  to 
pursue  in  promoting  a  useful  and  economical  policy.  The 
Smallpox  Hospital,  forming  as  it  does  but  a  pile  of  poor 
wooden  outhouses  on  the  banks  of  the  river,  continues 
yet  to  be  the  only  place  for  the  admission  and  treatment 
of  the  numerous  cases  that  are  constantly  occurring  in 
our  city.  It  matters  not  who  might  be  the  poor  victim 
of  varioloid  (variola?)  whether  wealthy  or  indigent, 
worthy  or  worthless,  great  or  small,  this  apology  for  a 
decent  refuge  is  the  only  resort,  and  should  the  shunned 
patient  not  be  fortunate  enough  to  obtain  in  some  private 
house  a  place  for  treatment,  not  a  hospital  in  the  land  will 
offer  a  protection.  The  contagiousness  of  the  disease 
shuts  out  the  infected  sufferer  in  order  to  prevent  its 
direful  spread.  But  upon  the  removal  of  the  present 
female  hospital  to  the  new  edifice,  that  building  the  Com- 
mon Council  designs  for  the  accommodation  of  the  small- 
pox patients,  and  I  cannot  but  deem  it  a  worse  arrange- 
ment. ' ' 

About  a  year  later  a  male  ward  was  opened  in  the 
new  building  and  the  females  were  moved  to  the  female 
wing,  and  the  smallpox  patients  removed  from  the  ' i  pile 
of  poor  wooden  outhouses  on  the  banks  of  the  river  ' '  to 
the  old  female  ward  of  the  Penitentiary  Hospital,  where 
they  remained  for  a  considerable  period. 

From  the  standpoint  of  medical  terminology  a  look 
into  the  reports  of  diseases  treated  in  the  female  hospital 
is  of  great  interest.  The  following  is  an  abstract  from 
the  list: 

47 


Cases 

Malignant  diseases  of  pudenda   1 

Diseases  of  the  womb  (all  different  kinds) .  16 

Deranged  menstruation   25 

Phlegmasiae   6 

Febris  typhus   3 

Recto-vaginal  fistula   3 

"  There  have  been  2,403  cases  treated  in  this  hospital 
during  1849.  Of  these  229  were  cases  of  Asiatic  cholera, 
134  of  ship  fever  and  758  of  primary  syphilis.  The  aver- 
age time  for  the  treatment  of  a  case  of  this  last  descrip- 
tion has  been  about  four  weeks.  We  rarely  see  it  in  this 
hospital  in  its  early  stages.  Frequently  it  has  been  of  a 
month's  duration  before  it  comes  under  our  care. 

1  1  There  were  remaining  Dec.  31,  1849,  192  cases.  The 
mortality  has  been  augmented  by  the  prevalence  of  two 
epidemics,  the  ship  fever  and  the  cholera.  The  ship  fever 
continued  through  January  and  February  and  proved 
fatal  in  19  cases,  the  cholera  through  June,  July  and 
August,  proving  fatal  in  122  cases.  The  ship  fever  has 
always  assumed  a  very  severe  type  whenever  it  has  ap- 
peared, and  I  believe  it  to  be  due  in  great  measure  to 
the  crowded  condition  of  the  prison,  the  want  of  room 
and  the  entire  want  of  ventilation  in  the*  cells.  The 
English  prison  reports  state  that  there  are  required  for 
a  healthy  sleeping  apartment  for  one  person  800  cubic 
feet  of  air.  In  these  cells  there  are  less  than  200.  In 
this  small  space  the  warden  is  often  compelled  to  place 
two  persons.  The  radical  defect  in  the  construction  of 
the  cells  is  that  the  flues  leading  from  each  cell  to  the 
roof  are  entirely  useless.  For  fourteen  hours  out  of  every 
twenty-four  must  the  inmate  inhale  and  reinhale  the  same 
volume  of  air.  It  becomes  exceedingly  noxious  and  is  the 
pregnant  cause  of  much  disease.  To  this  source  is  added 
another.  There  are  no  water  closets  in  the  cells  and  there 
can  be  none  until  the  Croton  is  introduced.  Each  man 
takes  with  him  into  his  narrow  quarters  a  wooden  bucket 

48 


already  saturated  with  filth  from  a  long  and  similar  use." 
This  recalls  to  the  traveler  Murray's  famous  warning 
in  connection  with  Quimper,  the  capital  of  Brittany, 
"  N.  B.  There  are  no  W.  C.'s  in  the  hotels."  Despite 
the  above  protest  made  over  fifty  years  ago,  the  use  of 
the  buckets  continued  until  a  very  recent  date.  "  It  is 
not  strange,"  continues  the  report,  "  that  ship  fever 
should  frequently  visit  this  institution,  nor  that  its  visits 
should  be  particularly  malignant.  The  wonder  is  that  it 
is  not  more  fatal  in  its  work. 

'  '  The  new  hospital  building  that  has  been  in  process  of 
erection  during  the  past  summer  is  now  nearly  completed. 
In  the  basement  there  will  be  rooms  provided  for  culinary 
and  washing  conveniences.  There  will  also  be  a  dining- 
room  and  pantries  in  each  wing  of  the  basement,  together 
with  a  large  room  that  might  be  a  ward  of  the  hospital 
and  would  answer  well  for  some  class  of  patients.  In 
the  first  two  stories  of  the  female  wing  are  eight  large 
wards  containing  eighteen  beds  each,  and  also  six  small 
wards,  the  latter  containing  from  two  to  six  beds  each. 
There  are  water  closets  and  pantries  connected  with  each 
ward.  There  is  a  bathroom  on  each  floor,  containing 
three  bath  tubs,  each  fitted  for  cold,  warm  and  shower 
baths.  On  the  second  floor  is  an  examining  room  fitted 
with  water  conveniences.  In  the  first  story  of  the  male 
wing  the  arrangements  are  the  same  as  those  in  the 
female.  The  second  story  has  not  been  divided  into 
wards.  It  consists  of  one  large  room.  The  whole  of  this 
wing  will  not  be  needed  for  a  male  hospital,  and  a  part 
might  be  appropriated  to  some  other  purpose." 

The  recommendation  follows  that  when  this  building 
is  completed,  it  shall  be  opened  for  the  reception  of  per- 
sons suffering  from  venereal  diseases;  that  permits  for 
admission  to  it  be  issued  at  the  office  of  the  Almshouse 
and  not  at  the  police  office;  that  patients  be  sent  here  to 
be  cured  and  not  for  a  definite  length  of  time;  that  the 
resident  physician  have  authority  to  discharge  such  pa- 
tients when  they  are  well;  that  applicants  for  admission 

49 


be  required  to  pay  the  admission  fee  of  $12  in  advance  as 
pay  for  six  weeks  board  at  $2  per  week;  when  any  are 
discharged  cured  before  the  expiration  of  the  six  weeks, 
that  they  receive  the  balance  due  them ;  that  they  be  clas- 
sified not  only  with  regard  to  their  physical  diseases,  but 
also  with  regard  to  their  moral  condition,  so  that  the 
girl  of  but  a  month 's  practice  in  vice  be  not  thrown  under 
the  influence  of  those  that  are  fully  graduated;  that  sys- 
tematic plans  be  adopted  for  securing  for  these  girls,  who 
are  desirous  of  leading  an  honest  livelihood,  the  means 
of  doing  so  on  their  leaving  the  hospital;  that  they  be 
to  this  end  employed  as  much  as  their  health  requires  in 
order  to  prevent  their  acquiring  or  forming  habits  of  in- 
dolence; that  this  institution  be  separate  and  distinct 
from  the  penitentiary;  that  one  or  more  wards  in  each 
wing  be  set  apart  and  secured  for  such  convicts  in  the 
penitentiary  as  may  fall  sick  and  need  hospital  treat- 
ment; that  no  communication  be  allowed  between  this 
class  of  patients  and  those  not  prisoners. 

"  I  urge  these  recommendations  upon  your  board  for 
considerations  of  economy,  of  justice  and  of  humanity. 
That  a  system  of  pay  patients  would  do  much  toward 
meeting  the  expenses  of  the  hospital  I  have  no  doubt. 
The  majority  of  those  that  come  here  now  have  spent 
more  or  less  money  in  the  city  in  vain  attempts  to  be 
cured.  Many  others,  who  do  not  come  now  and  will  not 
while  the  hospital  is  a  prison,  would  be  very  glad  to  come 
and  pay  for  the  privilege,  provided  they  could  come  as 
citizens  and  leave  when  cured." 

The  report  continuing,  says:  "  But  even  independent 
of  this  consideration,  if  not  a  dollar  could  be  realized 
from  pay  patients,  would  it  not  be  wise  still  to  offer  every 
facility  to  those  suffering  from  syphilis  for  its  cure? 
Does  not  the  public  owe  it  to  itself,  to  free  itself  from  the 
danger  of  this  great  contagion?  Would  it  not  be  wise 
economy  to  expend  even  considerable  sums  of  money  in 
drying  up  the  sources  of  this  disease,  so  destructive  in 
its  tendency,  so  loathsome  in  its  appearance  and  so  ob- 

50 


STAFF  TENNIS  COURT. 


stinate  of  cure,  a  disease  that  does  not  spend  itself  on  its 
first  enemy,  but  visits  fearfully  his  offspring  of  the  third 
and  fourth  generation.  The  hospital  ought  to  be  made 
as  far  as  practicable  a  school  of  reform.  It  should  be 
reclaiming  in  its  influence;  yet  as  it  now  works,  it  is 
positively  demoralizing,  because  it  fixes  upon  its  inmates 
the  stigma  of  crime,  branding  them  before  the  world  as 
convicts,  as  prisoners— demoralizing,  because  it  takes 
novices  in  vice  and  keeps  them  after  their  diseases  are 
cured  for  months  on  the  Island,  and  under  the  tuition 
of  those  who  have  grown  old  in  iniquity,  it  sends  them 
forth  adepts  confirmed  in  vicious  habits.  It  sends  them 
forth  only  to  receive  them  back  again  and  again,  sure 
inmates  of  this  place  for  at  least  one-half  of  each  year 
as  long  as  their  lives  last.   This  ought  not  to  be." 

The  above  is  one  of  the  many  arguments  in  favor  of 
separating  the  penitentiary  from  the  hospital,  making  the 
hospital  subsidiary  to  the  criminal  side. 

In  closing,  the  report  says  it  will  be  urged  as  an  objec- 
tion against  the  plan  that  to  open  a  hospital,  giving  great 
facilities  for  the  cure  of  syphilis,  is  to  encourage  vice, 
and  promote  prostitution.  But  if  this  objection  is  good 
against  the  hospital  proposed,  it  is  likewise  good  against 
the  one  now  existing.  ' '  If  it  is  wrong  to  afford  general 
and  effectual  relief  to  persons  of  this  class,  it  surely  can- 
not be  right  to  afford  partial  relief  to  isolated  cases.' ' 

On  or  near  the  site  of  the  present  City  Hospital  build- 
ing, when  Moses  G.  Leonard  was  Commissioner  of  the 
Almshouse,  a  relatively  large  stone  building  was  erected 
by  the  convicts  of  the  penitentiary  for  the  use  of  the  sick 
criminals  of  the  institution.  The  penitentiary  building 
lay  100  yards  to  the  north  of  the  new  hospital.  Although 
it  may  not  be  definitely  so  recorded,  this  action  was  taken 
without  the  least  doubt  largely  as  the  result  of  the  vig- 
orous and  manly  attitude  of  Sanger.  He  probably  more 
than  any  one  else,  either  medical  or  lay,  has  been  respon- 
sible for  the  development  of  the  present  hospital.  He 
worked  in  the  face  of  political  blackmailing  and  bribery, 

51 


the  like  of  which  would  not  for  a  moment  be  tolerated 
even  in  these  days.  At, the  risk  of  losing  his  position 
he  again  and  again  attacked  the  methods  of  adminis- 
tration, and  finally  coerced  the  dissolute  politicians  to 
take  action  for  the  relief  of  the  wretched  inmates  of 
the  institution  under  their  control.  He  stands  alone, 
prominent,  as  well  by  his  fearless  invective  against  politi- 
cal villainy  as  by  his  remarkable  ability  as  a  chronicler 
and  interpreter  of  the  social  evil,  a  monument  of  whom 
the  profession  and  the  hospital  may  well  be  proud. 

In  the  spring  of  1849,  the  wooden  hovels  which  had 
been  used  for  upwards  of  twenty  years  as  a  hospital  for 
the  women  criminals  were  removed,  and,  as  before  cited, 
the  new  building  for  the  Penitentiary  Hospital  was  begun. 
For  about  twenty  years  this  hospital  had  been  accom- 
modated in  a  large  room  on  the  top  floor  of  the  prison, 
a  space  40x60  feet  in  area  having  been,  as  already 
stated,  set  aside  during  that  time  for  the  treatment  of 
male  prisoners.  Like  all  the  other  buildings  on  the  Island, 
the  new  hospital  was  built  of  stone  cut  in  the  quarries 
just  north  of  the  penitentiary. 

The  year,  1849,  was  an  epoch  making  one  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  hospital,  and  for  this  reason  as  well  as  for 
the  fact  that  it  presents  much  of  historic  interest,  its  his- 
tory has  been  rather  widely  abstracted. 

Coincidental  with  the  opening  of  the  new  hospital 
building  a  change  was  made  in  the  management.  The 
office  of  "  Commissioner  of  the  Almshouse  "  was  abol- 
ished, and  by  an  act  of  the  legislature  a  board  of  ten 
governors  was  appointed  for  the  management  of  the  hos- 
pital. Previously  the  penitentiary  and  the  hospital  had 
been  under  the  same  executive  management,  with  one 
medical  head,  Dr.  William  Kelly  having  been  resident 
physician. 

Because  of  the  fact  that  this  institution  offered  the  only 
haven  for  venereal  cases,  it  is  easily  understood  that 
after  its  formal  opening  it  was  soon  filled  with  patients 
of  this  class.   On  December  31,  1850,  there  were  remain- 

52 


ing  in  the  Penitentiary  Hospital  198  patients.  Two  thou- 
sand two  hundred  and  one  cases  were  treated  during  that 
year.  Of  these  529  were  primary  syphilis  and  174  secon- 
dary, 352  delirium  tremens  and  99  dysentery.  '  '  The  last 
is  the  only  disease  that  has  prevailed  at  any  time  as  an 
epidemic.  It  appeared  in  July  and  continued  two  months. 
Of  the  352  cases  of  delirium  tremens  but  three  have  died. 
Chloroform  has  been  freely  used  in  this  disease  with  the 
most  satisfactory  results.  The  mortality  reached  in  the 
past  year  has  been  less  than  4  per  cent.,  a  lower  rate 
than  ever  before  reported  from  this  hospital,  and  lower 
than  is  reported  from  hospitals  generally.  The  cholera 
of  last  summer  has  undoubtedly  contributed  to  reducing 
this  year's  mortality.  Many  whose  vicious  lives  would 
have  lasted  another  season,  who  were  bound  to  die  in 
this  hospital,  were  prematurely  cut  off  by  that  epidemic. 
A  number  of  those  who  appear  in  this  report  as  having 
died  in  this  hospital  were  admitted  in  a  moribund  condi- 
tion. They  were  sent  up  in  this  condition  after  having 
been  detained  two  or  three  days  at  the  Tombs  or  station 
houses.  If  it  is  necessary  to  remove  such  cases  at  all,  it 
would  be  more  humane  to  send  them  to  some  hospital  that 
is  near  at  hand. 

1 i  The  new  hospital  has  been  occupied  since  the  first  of 
August.  The  female  wing  affords  room  for  kitchen, 
dining-room  and  quarantine  ward,  three  wards  for  pri- 
mary syphilis,  two  for  secondary  and  tertiary,  one  for 
diseases  of  the  chest,  one  for  parturient  women  and  dis- 
eases of  the  womb,  one  for  miscellaneous  cases  and  one 
for  colored  patients.  On  the  first  of  August,  the  female 
wing  was  first  occupied  and  an  extraordinary  prepon- 
derance of  syphilitic  cases  were  admitted.  The  condition 
of  things  in  the  male  room  was  at  this  time  bad,  as 
gathered  from  the  following  minutes  of  the  report :  * i  But 
half  of  the  male  wing  has  as  yet  been  occupied.  The 
unoccupied  portion  consists  of  one  large  room  half  the 
size  of  the  wing.  I  would  suggest  that  it  be  divided  into 
wards  and  appropriated  for  the  use  of  pay  patients  and 

53 


those  whom  it  is  desirable  to  keep  from  the  demoralizing 
influence  of  the  hospital. 

"  My  assistants  during  the  year  have  been  Doctors 
Churchill,  Lindsay,  Eogers,  Loving,  Jenkins  and  Foot. 
Rogers  and  Loving  each  suffered  from  attacks  of  the  epi- 
demic that  prevailed  in  July.  They  were  persevering 
in  their  duties  after  the  disease  had  manifested  itself, 
giving  severity  to  the  attack,  and  rendering  the  recovery 
in  each  case  for  a  time  very  doubtful. 

(Signed)        WILLIAM  KELLY,  M.D., 

Resident  Physician." 

Up  to  this  time  the  Smallpox  Hospital,  so  called,  was 
under  Dr.  Kelly 's  charge.  In  his  report  of  1849,  he  says: 
"  In  1848  the  mortality  was  16  4-10ths  per  cent.;  in  1849 
it  was  10  3-10ths  per  cent.  Among  natives  16  8-10th  per 
cent.,  and  among  foreigners  7  to  6  5-10ths  per  cent.  This 
hospital,  or  rather  the  shanties  so-called,  are  capable  of 
accommodating  but  twenty  patients.  This  number  can 
not  be  exceeded  without  greatly  increasing  the  risk  of 
death,  yet  I  have  been  obliged  to  make  room  for  forty 
at  a  time.  We  need  for  this  hospital  a  new  building; 
one  that  would  contain  fifty  beds  would  be  sufficient  to 
meet  the  wants  of  the  city. ' 9 

To  the  Smallpox  Hospital  under  the  control  of  Dr. 
Kelly  in  1850  208  patients  were  admitted.  Ninety-nine 
had  distinct  and  seventy-two  confluent  smallpox;  forty- 
eight  had  never  been  vaccinated,  two  had  the  disease 
the  second  time.  About  the  first  of  December,  when  the 
disease  became  more  prevalent  in  the  city,  the  number 
of  patients  began  to  increase.  The  shanties  that  were 
apportioned  as  a  smallpox  hospital  accommodated  but 
twenty,  yet  Kelly  was  obliged  to  crowd  in  forty-eight. 
Blacks  and  whites  lay  side  by  side.  Grown  up  boys  had 
beds  in  the  female  wards.  Such  a  crowded  condition  of 
the  hospital  always  tells  unfavorably  on  the  rates  of 
mortality.  This  year  it  was  19  per  cent.  "  It  is  the 
design  of  your  Board  to  erect  a  building  fitted  for  the 

54 


accommodation  of  100  to  150  patients.  It  will  be  pre- 
pared not  only  as  a  refuge  for  the  poor,  but  also  a  resort 
for  the  rich  when  they  become  victims  to  this  loathsome 
malady.  Of  the  208  admitted,  139  have  been  pay 
patients.  All  that  could  be  done  to  make  them  comfort- 
able was  done,  but  fancy  the  picture— the  matron  acted 
as  nurse ! 

Of  the  267  patients  remaining  on  the  31st  of  December, 
1851,  16  were  prisoners.  The  remainder  were  persons 
sent  up  by  the  police,  or  voluntary  prisoners,  that  is,  per- 
sons who,  being  sick  and  desirous  of  admission  to  this 
hospital,  went  to  the  courts  of  justice  and  acknowledged 
themselves  vagrants.  As  such  they  were  committed  to 
the  Penitentiary  in  order  that  they  might  be  transferred 
from  thence  to  the  hospital.  Truly  a  distressing  state  of 
affairs,  that  in  order  to  gain  admission  to  the  hospital 
the  patient  was  obliged  to  acknowledge  himself  a  vagrant 
and  be  committed !  Continuing,  the  report  says :  i 6  This 
latter  class  of  patients  has  much  increased  in  number 
during  the  past  year.  Of  110  men,  91  have  procured  their 
admission  in  this  way.  The  average  mortality  has  been 
3  8-10ths  per  cent.  Of  the  entire  number  129  were  pay 
patients  and  167  paupers,  that  is,  in  the  Smallpox  Hospi- 
tal. There  were  received  from  the  Commissioners  of  Im- 
migration ninety  cases  this  year,  more  than  twice  the 
number  received  from  all  other  sources. 

This  flooding  of  the  City  Hospitals  with  European 
paupers  cost  the  city  a  great  many  thousand  dollars. 
Multitudes  were  made  sick  by  evil  accommodations 
on  shipboard.  At  one  time  the  municipal  government 
had  a  suit  against  the  Federal  authorities  for  the  col- 
lection of  over  $150,000  for  services  rendered  by  the 
City  to  immigrants  infected  with  all  forms  of  contagious 
disease. 

This  shows  how  important,  if  seen  from  a  financial 
standpoint  alone,  was  the  work  of  Mrs.  William  Maury 
in  1846.  Three  days  out  from  Liverpool,  smallpox  broke 
out  among  the  steerage  passengers  on  the  vessel  in  which 

55 


she  was  one  of  three  cabin  passengers.  Only  by  good 
fortune  was  one  of  these  a  physician,  who  did  everything 
he  could  for  the  sufferers.  Beaching  New  York  Mrs. 
Maury  induced  the  Common  Council  to  pass  an  ordinance 
that  vessels  carrying  immigrants  into  the  port  should 
have  a  ship  physician  and  that  an  adequate  number  of 
cubic  feet  of  air  space  should  be  provided  for  each  steer- 
age passenger.  In  Washington  she  brought  about  the 
passage  of  an  Act  of  Congress  with  similar  provisions, 
and  in  London  caused  an  Act  of  Parliament  to  be  passed 
containing  the  same  requisitions.  One  means  by  which 
she  brought  pressure  to  bear  in  favor  of  this  legislation 
in  England  was  to  flood  the  dock  region  of  Liverpool  with 
posters.  A  reduced  photographic  copy  of  one  of  these 
is  herewith  shown. 

ADVICE  TO  EMIGRANTS. 


The  SICKNESS  and  DEATHS  of  last 
year  have  caused  many  Ship  Owners  In 
Liverpool  to  engage  SI/RCUBONS  on  hoard 
their  PASSENGER  VESSELS  to  NORTH 
AMERICA,  Emigrants  are  recommended 
to  enquire  for  such,  and  to  TAKE  PASSAGE 
In  NO  OTHER* 

This  tdrice  I?  offered  fry  one  who 
hms  herseif  stored  im  ihe  smfferimgs  of  am 
Emigrant  JTessei. 

-siSwSs-     SARAH  MYTTOR  MAURY. 

The  assistant  physicians  during  1851  were  H.  D.  Jen- 
kins, William  Law,  J.  Piatt  Foot,  James  U.  Church,  Wil- 
liam Haig  and  William  Hyslop. 

In  February,  1851,  the  board  of  governors  appointed 
a  committee  to  examine  into  and  report  upon  the  condi- 
tion, strength  and  arrangement  of  the  Penitentiary  Hos- 

56 


pital  building.  They  found  that  it  had  been  erected  in  a 
most  careless  manner,  and  that,  as  a  public  building,  it 
was  a  "  monumental  reproach  to  any  city."  The  Grand 
Jury  pronounced  it  dangerous,  complained  of  it  as  being 
insufficient  for  the  wants  of  the  municipality,  and,  after 
hearing  testimony  from  various  medical  authorities,  de- 
clared that  it  was  unfit  utterly  for  the  uses  for  which  it 
had  been  erected.  In  the  eight  years  during  which  it 
stood,  this  building,  the  corrupt  product  of  an  abandoned 
political  ring,  cost  more  for  operation  and  repairs  than 
the  entire  original  outlay  for  its  construction.  The  general 
opinion  was  that  the  building  should  be  immediately 
torn  down.  A  fortuitous  event,  however,  prevented  the 
accomplishment  of  this  design,  for  on  the  morning  of 
February  13,  1858,  it  was  destroyed  by  fire.*  This  was 
the  direct  result  of  its  faulty  construction. 

During  the  year  1851,  2,541  patients  were  treated.  Of 
these  719  suffered  from  primary  syphilis  and  422  from 
delirium  tremens. 

The  medical  staff,  as  may  well  be  imagined,  were  hope- 
lessly hampered  by  the  obnoxious  rule  that  all  patients 
must  be  prisoners.  By  it,  they  were  still,  as  in  years  past, 
frequently  obliged  to  keep  in  the  wards  patients  who  had 
recovered,  and  on  the  other  hand  were  obliged  to  dis- 
charge, uncured,  men  and  women  who  were  virulently 
affected  with  primary  syphilis. 

There  were  remaining  in  the  hospital  December  31, 
1852,  272  patients.  The  number  of  admissions  was  500 
more  than  last  year.  Frequently  there  were  in  the  build- 
ing as  many  as  fifty  patients  more  than  it  was  designed 
to  accommodate. 

"  This  hospital,"  the  report  continues,  "  should  not  be 
regarded  as  a  charity,  but  rather  as  an  asylum,  instituted 
and  maintained  by  the  city  for  its  own  protection  against 
the  spread  of  a  most  fearful  and  destructive  disease. 
Every  accommodation  for  enabling  this  hospital  to  fulfil 


See  description  New  York  Herald,  February  14,  1858. 
57 


this  mission  should  be  afforded,  and  every  facility  for 
inducing  women  affected  with  this  disease  to  seek  a  cure 
in  it  should  be  offered.  Smallpox,  yellow  fever  and  chol- 
era, against  which  expensive  quarantines  are  established, 
endanger  the  public  health  and  public  happiness  but  little 
compared  with  the  injuries  which  syphilis  inflicts." 

In  July,  1852,  the  Resident  Physician  and  his  assistants 
began  a  system  of  medical  records.  These  were  devoted 
particularly  to  the  history  of  the  syphilitic  cases  in  the 
institution,  and  formed  the  basis  for  Sanger's  classic 
"  History  of  Prostitution.' ' 

Owing  to  the  great  increase  of  admissions,  two  shanties 
were  erected  on  the  west  side  of  the  southern  extremity 
of  the  island. 

During  this  year  also  the  professional  element  gained 
temporary  ascendency  over  the  politicians,  as  has  hap- 
pened occasionally  since,  and  a  great  many  improvements 
in  the  internal  management  of  the  institution  were 
effected.  Prominent  among  these  was  an  increase  in  the 
improvement  and  quantity  of  the  food  supply. 

Serving  on  Dr.  Kelly's  staff  at  fhis  time  were  Doctors 
F.  N.  Otis,  A.  L.  Loomis,  Clinton  Warren,  William  Cham- 
berlain, S.  Lovering  and  J.  M.  Barstow.  The  first  two 
names  are  familiar  to  all. 

The  entire  tenor  of  Dr.  Kelly's  reports  shows  that  he 
and  the  medical  profession  at  large  were  engaged  in  a 
perpetual  struggle  to  obtain  right  and  justice  for  the 
patients. 

It  was  a  common  occurrence  during  these  years,  as  has 
just  been  stated,  to  have  from  fifty  to  seventy-five  patients 
sleeping  on  the  floor;  and  it  is  interesting,  in  fore- 
casting the  future  development  of  the  present  Almshouse 
Hospital,  to  note  that  on  a  smaller  scale  similar  conditions 
are  at  present  prevailing. 

About  one-twelfth  of  the  mortality  at  the  hospital  at 
this  time  was  due  to  cholera.  Years  later  this  disease 
received  its  final  check  at  the  hands  of  one  of  the  Visiting 
Board  of  this  hospital,  whose  success  was  largely  due  to 

58 


MALE  DORMITORY. 


the  information  given  him  by  the  first  "  chief  of  staff/ 9 
Dr.  E.  G.  Jane  way. 

The  report  for  1853  is  the  earliest  signed  by  Dr.  Wm. 
Sanger,  although  previous  records  state  that  he  was  ap- 
pointed as  early  as  1846. 

In  1853,  the  admissions  to  the  hospital  increased  102 
over  those  of  1852,  while  the  deaths  decreased  by  two, 
making  the  rate  of  mortality  only  3.407  per  cent.  (The 
1902  mortality  was  less  than  6  per  cent.)  This  low  rate 
is  readily  accounted  for  by  the  preponderance  of  alco- 
holic and  genito-urinary  cases.  It  appears  that  764  cases 
of ' '  debauch  9  9  were  treated  without  a  death,  200  cases  of 
delirium  tremens  with  ten  deaths,  109  cases  of  gonor- 
rhoea, 621  cases  of  syphilis  prima,  357  cases  of  syphilis 
secunda,  70  cases  of  syphilis  tertia,  48  cases  of  syphilitic 
vegetations,  and  4  cases  of  syphilitic  cachexia,  with  four 
deaths  arising  from  the  tertiary  form.  This  ancient  list 
is  of  very  great  interest,  as  showing  the  change  which 
has  come  over  modern  medical  nomenclature.  Many 
names,  familiar  to  our  predecessors,  have  entirely  gone 
out  of  use.  It  is  further  interesting  to  note  that  in  a  total 
of  3,136  patients  treated,  anteversion  of  the  uterus  was 
found  in  but  four,  procedentia  in  one,  retroversion  in  but 
three,  cervical  abscess  in  but  one,  cervical  hypertrophy  in 
but  six  and  cervical  inflammation  in  but  sixty. 

The  classification  of  fevers  in  this  old  list  is  note- 
worthy. It  is  as  follows : 

Continued   4 

Ephemeral   2 

Chagres   7 

Intermittent   38 

Simple   4 


How  innocent  were  those  good  days  of  the  Plasmodium 
and  the  germ! 

The  most  important  event  chronicled  was  the  change 

59 


Typhoid 
Typhus 


2 
10 


of  the  Resident  Physician.  Dr.  Kelly  resigned  and 
started  on  a  pleasure  trip  to  Europe.  He  was  unhappily 
lost  at  sea.  Dr.  W.  Sanger  was  appointed  as  his  suc- 
cessor. 

In  1854,  3,744  admissions  are  reported. 

Dr.  Sanger's  report  of  the  cholera  treated  at  the  Alms- 
house, at  the  Penitentiary  Hospital  and  Workhouse  dur- 
ing this  year  shows  a  ratio  of  mortality  in  298  cases  of 
39£  per  cent.  Of  the  total  number  of  admissions,  23  A 
were  natives  and  76i%  foreigners.  Of  the  latter  77£  per 
cent,  were  from  Ireland,  while  only  A  per  cent,  were  from 
Germany,  showing  how  recent  is  the  Teutonic  invasion. 

Of  these  3,744  patients,  it  is  of  interest  to  know  that 
llf  per  cent,  were  "  entirely  uneducated  and  unable  to 
write  or  read  at  all."  Even  among  the  50t  per  cent, 
who  were  classified  as  being  able  to  read  and  write  im- 
perfectly, Sanger  states,  "  it  would  puzzle  a  well  edu- 
cated, intelligent  person  to  understand  their  reading  or 
decipher  their  writing.  Of  the  llf  per  cent,  that  can  read 
and  write  well,  this,  except  in  a  few  cases,  is  all  that  they 
possess  in  the  way  of  education." 

It  is  now  fifty  years  since  this  table  was  compiled,  and 
a  similar  census  of  the  present  inmates  of  the  hospital 
would  be  interesting;  but,  unfortunately,  no  such  records 
are  kept.  So  far  as  the  age  goes,  70A  per  cent,  of 
the  patients  in  the  hospital  were  at  this  time  under  thirty 
years  of  age.  The  general  average  for  the  last  five  years 
has  not  been  recorded. 

Sanger,  whose  work  on  prostitution  was  at  the  time 
slowly  crystalizing,  says:  "  It  will  be  observed  from  the 
above  data  that  68 §  per  cent,  of  cases  actually  treated 
during  the  past  year  here  were  directly  caused  by  the 
lowest  and  foulest  kind  of  dissipation  and  vice,  a  fact 
which  speaks  trumpet-tongued,  in  favor  of  shutting  up 
grog  shops,  and  the  absolute  necessity  of  adopting  some 
plan  whereby  the  enormous  amount  of  prostitution  now 
prevailing  among  us  shall  be  decreased.  Of  the  two  vices, 
the  latter  is  by  far  the  greater  evil,  more  dangerous  and 

60 


far-reaching  in  its  effect.  Its  silent  but  deadly  poison 
reaches  all  ranks  in  society,  withering  and  blasting  all 
with  whom  it  comes  in  contact.' ' 

Dr.  Sanger  re-echoes  Dr.  Kelly's  vigorous  protest 
against  calling  this  a  penitentiary  hospital.  He  says: 
"  The  proportion  of  court  prisoners  is  only  11  per  cent, 
of  the  whole  number  of  patients.  Is  it  not  wrong  to  heap 
additional  disgrace  upon  these  poor  creatures  by  compel- 
ling them  to  be  committed  to  a  penitentiary  before  they 
come  to  the  hospital  to  be  treated  for  their  several  dis- 
eases? Can  reformation  be  expected  when  additional 
odium  is  cast  on  beings  already  too  miserable,  by  commit- 
ting them  to  the  abode  of  thieves,  felons  and  murderers, 
giving  them  the  choice  of  becoming  inmates  of  such  a  place 
or  dying  in  the  streets,  gutters  or  cellars  of  the  worst 
portions  of  our  city.  Of  course,  they  will  take  the  former 
choice  and  let  me  ask  if  a  more  certain  method  of  con- 
verting the  remaining  percentage  into  thieves,  burglars, 
pickpockets  or  murderers  can  be  devised?  Is  it  neces- 
sary, or  must  it  be  that  human  beings,  laboring  under 
the  effects  of  drink,  syphilis,  old  sores  and  all  other  dis- 
eases, shall,  while  being  medically  treated,  also  go 
through  the  process  of  being  made  into  thieves  to  prey 
on  the  community  when  discharged  V 

The  question  of  immigration  and  its  relation  to  the 
public  is  also  touched  upon  by  Sanger.  He  says:  "  To 
show  the  immense  burden  that  foreigners— who  have 
been  less  than  five  years  in  this  country— are  to  the  insti- 
tution under  your  charge,  I  will  state  that  in  this  hospital 
alone  a  charge  against  the  Commissioners  of  Immigration 
of  $2.50  per  week  for  board  and  medical  attendance  of 
such  persons  during  the  year  1854  would  amount  to  the 
sum  of  $7,942.50' ' 

Sanger  believed  that  the  reason  why  so  few  cases  of 
cholera  occurred  in  the  Penitentiary  Hospital  was  that  he 
was  able  to  maintain  the  most  stringent  discipline  over 
the  patients,  whereas  in  the  Almshouse  and  Workhouse 
it  was  impossible  to  carry  this  out.   Furthermore,  these 

61 


latter  institutions  were  intended  for  well  and  not  for  sick 
people.  This  seemed  to  him  one  of  many  forcible  argu- 
ments for  breaking  up  these  small  hospitals  and  placing 
all  the  sick  in  one  general  hospital  with  sufficient  room 
for  proper  classification. 

Gathered,  as  the  cases  admitted  were,  from  the  flotsam 
and  jetsam  of  a  seaport,  it  is  not  surprising  that  alcohol- 
ism and  delirium  tremens  furnish  35  per  cent,  and  syph- 
ilis 37  per  cent.  Thus  68  per  cent,  of  all  the  cases  ad- 
mitted during  1854  were  clearly  the  results  of  dissipa- 
tion ;  a  reflection,  indeed,  on  the  ' 1  good  old  days!  1 1  Upon 
Sanger's  recommendation,  a  consulting  board  of  physi- 
cians and  surgeons  was  appointed  in  October,  1854.  It 
consisted  of  Doctors  A.  H.  Stephens  (president),  Francis 

H.  Johnson,  G.  W.  Wilkes,  J.  E.  Wood,  Alonzo  Clark, 
Fordyce  Barker,  W.  Parker  and  C.  E.  Isaacs.  This  is  the 
first  record  of  a  consulting  board  of  physicians  having 
been  appointed  to  assist  in  the  management  of  this  hos- 
pital. The  medical  staff  of  the  Blackwell's  Island  Hos- 
pitals for  1854  consisted  of  Drs.  Thomas,  Terry,  Baylies, 
Henriques,  Trim,  Jewett,  Franklin,  Studdiford  and  De 
Forest. 

In  1855,  there  were  2,158  admissions,  a  decrease  of 

I,  586.  The  source  of  these  cases  as  derived  from  Sanger's 
statistics  is  as  follows: 

From  Court     .  .      .      12.6  per  cent. 

From  the  police  .       .  39.1  per  cent. 

From  Workhouse  .       .      42.2  per  cent. 

From  Almshouse  .       .  6.1  per  cent. 

It  will  be  noted  that  Sanger's  petition  bearing  on  the 
modification  of  the  means  of  entering  the  hospital  had 
fallen  on  deaf  ears,  there  having  been  up  to  that  time 
no  appreciable  amount  of  "  graft  "  in  it  for  the  politi- 
cians. Those  who  are  familiar  with  the  corrupt  methods 
which  have  habitually  obtained  in  the  political  manage- 
ment of  the  hospital,  know  very  well  that  although  the 
history  may  not  be  written,  although  the  evidence  may 

62 


not  be  attainable,  it  was  of  value  to  some  one  to  continue 
the  power  of  admission  in  the  hands  of  the  police. 

A  meteorological  observatory  was  erected  in  this  year. 
It  was  under  the  care  of  the  Regents  of  the  University  of 
the  State  of  New  York  and  the  Smithsonian  Institute  at 
Washington,  to  whom  Sanger  made  annual  reports. 

In  1856,  Sanger  published  the  ratio  of  venereal  diseases 
to  the  gross  number  of  patients.  Its  increase  was  sim- 
ply appalling:  1854,  it  was  37 A  per  cent.;  in  1855,  58tV  ; 
per  cent.;  in  1856,  73^  per  cent.!  Whether  this  incre- 
ment was  justly  attributable  to  an  increase  of  vice  in  the 
city,  as  has  been  suggested,  or  whether  it  was  brought 
about  by  the  dissemination  among  the  poorer  classes, 
of  the  word  that  at  the  Penitentiary  Hospital  the  best 
anti-syphilitic  treatment  in  the  city  could  be  obtained 
gratuitously,  is  not  recorded. 

In  1857,  the  number  of  admissions  was  2,810,  an  in- 
crease of  62  per  cent.  On  December  15,  this  year,  the 
hospital  was  separated  from  the  Penitentiary,  and  called 
the  "  Island  Hospital.' ' 

The  Smallpox  Hospital,  which  for  many  years  has  been 
known  as  the  "  Nurses'  Home,"  was  in  full  operation 
during  this  year,  but  the  Board  of  Governors  expressed 
themselves  as  being  very  much  surprised  that  so  few  of 
those  in  a  respectable  station  of  society  availed  them- 
selves of  the  advantages  of  this  institution.  The  descrip- 
tion of  the  building  is  as  follows:  "  It  is  stone  from  the 
quarries  which  are  situated  on  or  about  the  centre  of  the 
Island;  100  feet  x  44  feet,  three  stories  high.  The  upper 
stories  are  divided  into  private  rooms  supplied  with  hot 
and  cold  water. ' '  For  some  reason  or  other,  however,  the 
scheme  of  having  a  pay  pavilion  in  this  building  seems 
never  to  have  been  appreciated  by  the  community. 

Sanger's  invectives  against  the  filthy  old  buildings  and 
out  house  known  as  the  "  New  York  City  Smallpox  Hos- 
pital," seemed  in  the  early  part  of  this  year  about  to 
have  some  effect,  when  by  good  fortune,  on  the  3d  of 
J anuary,  1857,  fire  consumed  the  whole  reeking  mass,  and 

63 


it  was  necessary  to  transfer  the  patients  to  the  new  build- 
ing earlier  than  it  had  been  contemplated. 

The  report  for  this  year— one  of  the  last  made  by 
Sanger— is  particularly  full  of  interesting  facts,  and  in 
his  own  words  he  "  does  not  think  any  apology  for  the 
extent  of  the  report  necessary  beyond  the  fact  that  every 
iota  of  reliable  information  on  such  matters  must  eventu- 
ally become  very  serviceable  to  the  community  at  large." 

He  deduces  from  his  remarkable  compilation  that  9 
and  A  per  cent,  only  of  the  total  number  treated  were 
court  prisoners.  It  was  on  December  15,  1857,  that  the 
Board  of  Governors  finally  separated  the  Hospital  from 
the  Penitentiary  and  substituted  the  name  ' '  Island  Hos- 
pital/' The  effect  of  this  change  was  immediate.  The 
incubus  which  had  burdened  the  institution  was  removed, 
and  the  Hospital,  in  Sanger's  words,  "  began  a  new  life." 
He  chose  a  very  graphic  way  of  proving  to  the  Board  of 
Governors  the  advantage  of  this  change  of  name.  Esti- 
mating the  ratio  in  days  devoted  to  patients  in  the  Island 
Hospital  he  elicited  the  fact  that  but  rV  of  one  per  cent, 
were  given  to  court  prisoners. 

The  following  year  was  a  memorable  one  in  the  annals 
of  the  institution.  On  the  morning  of  Saturday,  Feb.  13, 
1858,  in  the  midst  of  a  freezing  blizzard,  the  hospital  was 
totally  destroyed  by  fire.  Its  isolated  position  placed  it 
beyond  the  pale  of  help  from  the  fire  department  of  the 
city.  The  conflagration  resulted  directly,  as  already 
stated,  from  the  fraudulently  faulty  construction  of  the 
building.  This  was  graphically  and  shockingly  demon- 
strated by  the  early  fall  of  its  seemingly  massive  walls. 
They  were  built  largely  of  loam !  Together  with  its  rec- 
ords, many  of  these  being  documents  of  inestimable  value 
which  Sanger  had  collected  for  his  ' '  History  of  Prosti- 
tution," the  whole  building  was  reduced  to  ashes  in  two 
hours.  The  530  inmates  were  saved  by  the  heroic 
action  of  the  attendants.  The  history  of  this  fire  is 
graphically  told  in  the  "  New  York  Herald  99  of  Feb- 
ruary 14,  1858. 

64 


In  buildings  already  jammed  to  their  utmost  capacity, 
the  addition  of  530  patients  produced  a  most  bewildering 
congestion.  What  an  appalling  menace  to  the  safety  of 
the  Island  institutions  among  whom  this  syphilitic  horde 
was  spread!  How  many  of  the  relatively  small  non- 
syphilitic  population  of  the  Island  must  have  been  in- 
fected at  this  time! 

So  great  were  the  privations  endured  and  so  keenly 
was  this  recognized  that  a  petition  to  the  New  York 
Legislature,  which  was  then  in  session,  was  made,  to 
include  in  the  tax  levy  for  this  city  the  sum  of  $100,000 
for  the  erection  of  a  new  hospital  building.  This  sum 
was  immediately  voted  and  the  plans  of  James  Kenwick, 
Jr.,  were  adopted,  as  being  the  most  complete  and  as 
embodying  the  most  perfect  system  of  ventilation  sug- 
gested. On  March  9, 1858,  the  Board  of  Governors  form- 
ally adopted  the  plans  and  work  was  immediately  begun 
under  the  direction  of  the  architect  and  of  D.  W.  C. 
Weakes,  Superintendent.  As  before,  the  building  stone 
was  quarried  by  the  prisoners  on  the  Island  and  the 
rough  work  of  construction  was  performed  by  the  Peni- 
tentiary convicts.  On  July  22,  1858,  the  corner  stone  of 
the  present  hospital  was  laid.  Washington  Smith,  Presi- 
dent of  the  Board,  in  delivering  his  address,  spoke  of 
Blackwell's  Island  as  has  before  been  noted,  as  "  New 
York 's  Garden  of  Charity. ' '  He  then  gave  the  following 
description  of  the  new  hospital: 

"  The  building  is  to  be  three  and  a  half  stories  high 
with  a  steep  roof.  The  height  of  the  ceiling  between 
the  first  and  second  stories  will  be  14  feet,  the  third  story 
will  be  16  feet.  On  each  story  of  each  wing  there  will 
be  in  the  centre  building  three  wards,  each  capable  of 
containing  twenty  patients,  two  wards  in  wings  or  trans- 
verse ends,  capable  of  containing  twenty-two  or  twenty- 
four  patients  as  may  be  desired,  each  ward  to  be  provided 
with  a  single  bedroom  for  particular  cases;  two  water 
closets  to  be  separated  by  wells  of  skylight  from  the 
building  proper.   There  will  be  two  principal  stairways 

65 


and  two  hoistings  for  patients,  bells  and  speaking  tubes 
will  be  carried  from  each  ward  to  rooms  of  the  medical 
staff  on  the  third  floor  of  the  centre  building,  and  a 
speaking  tube  from  this  point  to  the  office  and  bedroom 
of  the  resident  physician.  The  number  of  patients  that 
can  be  accommodated  without  inconvenience  is  744.  The 
wards  are  laid  out  upon  a  plan  adopted  by  a  commission 
in  France  after  an  examination  of  the  principal  hospitals 
in  Europe.  It  is  proposed  to  adopt  the  general  prin- 
ciples of  ventilation  of  Lariboisiere  Hospital  of  Paris, 
now  considered  the  best  in  Europe.  The  outside  walls 
are  to  be  constructed  of  rubble  stone  masonry  with 
hammer-dressed  or  pointed  corners.  The  outside  walls 
are  to  have  an  eight-inch  air  space  and  a  four-inch 
inner  or  furring  wall  of  brick  inside  of  the  exterior  stone 
work. ' ' 

It  is  not  without  interest  to  contrast  Smith's  views 
with  those  of  Sanger  on  the  prostitute.  He  says:  "  Their 
lives  are  marked  by  no  effort  to  improve  their  condition 
or  encourage  those  who  administer  to  their  necessities. 
Their  claim  to  kindness  and  consideration  is  almost 
entirely  lost. ' 9  Sanger's  views  on  this  subject  are  too  well 
known  to  require  quotation.  The  contrast  affords  an 
excellent  exemplification  of  the  difference  between  lay 
and  professional  views  on  this  matter. 

In  addition  to  the  Resident  Physician,  Dr.  Sanger,  the 
medical  staff  in  1858  consisted  of  Doctors  Greenlee, 
O'Neil,  Cooper,  Van  Wagner,  Cox,  Ware,  Neff,  Gallagher, 
Smith,  Hodgeman,  Penenet,  Fox,  Brisbane,  Merchant  and 
Malone.  Dr.  Sanger  appointed  Dr.  C.  W.  Packard  as 
deputy  resident  physician.  It  is  evident  that  at  this 
time  the  resident  was  a  person  of  profound  importance 
at  the  hospital,  a  thing  pleasant  to  contemplate  when  it 
is  realized  that  most  of  the  good  that  is  to  be  found  in 
the  whole  institution  is  an  outcome  of  the  unpaid  or  ill- 
paid  labor  of  the  profession. 

The  year  1859  was  important  in  that  it  marked  the 
period  at  which  the  hospital  ceased  to  receive  convict 

66 


MALE  MEDICAL  WARD. 


prisoners.  The  persistent  efforts  of  Kelly  and  Sanger 
in  this  direction,  extending  over  a  period  of  ten  years, 
had  at  length  borne  fruit,  and  the  unfortunate  inmates 
were  no  longer  obliged  to  declare  themselves  convicts 
in  addition  to  admitting  their  various  moral  obliquities. 
In  the  spring  of  1860,  the  new  hospital  was  formally 
opened  to  the  public,  and  so  crying  was  the  need  of  this 
institution  that  during  this  year  alone  5,694  patients 
were  received. 

Up  to  this  time  the  Kesident  Physician  had  selected 
his  own  assistants.  In  July,  Sanger,  whose  administra- 
tion had  been  remarkably  successful,  from  a  material  as 
well  as  from  a  sociological  standpoint,  resigned,  and  the 
medical  interests  of  the  Island  Hospital  were  transferred 
to  the  medical  board  of  Bellevue.  By  this  change  all  the 
medical  and  surgical  interests  of  the  two  institutions 
were  centered  under  one  head. 

The  junior  assistants  of  Bellevue  Hospital,  as  soon  as 
they  entered  the  service,  were  sent  to  BackwelPs  Island. 
They  served  successively  at  the  Island,  Smallpox  and 
Penitentiary  hospitals.  At  the  former  institution,  the 
period  of  service  was  three  months,  and  at  the  latter, 
two.  At  the  expiration  of  this  time  they  entered  Bellevue 
as  senior  assistants.  Upon  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Sanger, 
B.  B.  Sibell,  the  steward,  was  made  acting  executive 
officer,  a  change  in  administration  policy  well  worthy  of 
the  times  in  which  it  was  enacted.  On  April  2  of  this 
year,  the  Legislature  abolished  the  office  of  the  Ten  Gov- 
ernors, and  appointed  Simeon  Draper,  Isaac  Bell,  James 
B.  Nicholson  and  Moses  H.  Grinnell,  a  board  of  Commis- 
sioners of  Public  Charity  and  Correction. 

Upon  the  reorganization  of  the  Island  Hospital,  the 
following  gentlemen  constituted  its  medical  board. 

Consulting  Physicians.  Consulting  Surgeons. 

John  W.  Francis,  M.D.       Valentine  Mott,  M.D. 
Isaac  Wood,  M.D.  A.  H.  Stevens,  M.D. 

67 


Visiting  Physicians. 

Alonzo  Clark,  M.D. 
B.  W.  McCready,  M.D. 
I.  E.  Taylor,  M.D. 
Geo.  T.  Elliot,  M.D. 
Fordyce  Barker,  M.D. 
A.  L.  Loomis,  M.D. 
J.  W.  Greene,  M.D. 
T.  G.  Thomas,  M.D. 


Visiting  Surgeons. 

James  E.  Wood,  M.D. 
Lewis  A.  Sayre,  M.D. 
John  J.  Crane,  M.D. 
Stephen  Smith,  M.D. 
Willard  Parker,  M.D. 
A.  B.  Mott,  M.D. 
C.  T.  Meier,  M.D. 
J.  W.  S.  Gouley,  M.D. 


House  Staff. 

P.  C.  Parker,  M.D.  Erskine  Mason,  M.D. 

L.  Fernandez,  M.D.  J.  E.  Page,  M.D. 

W.  C.  Ferguson,  M.D.        H.  Pinckney,  M.D. 

J.  L.  Hicks,  M.D. 

In  1860,  partly  because  of  the  overcrowding  at  Belle- 
vue,  partly  on  account  of  the  discontinuance  of  confining 
alcoholics  in  the  Tombs,  there  was  a  marked  increase  in 
the  number  of  cases  admitted. 

In  1861,  the  new  hospital  was  in  full  operation.  An 
ode  written  by  one  of  the  inmates  is  here  quoted  as  an 
interesting  bit  of  history. 

"Oh  blessed  refuge  for  the  homeless  poor, 
111  fortune's  victims  wounded,  sick  and  sore, 
The  halt,  the  lame,  no  more  may  homeless  roam, 
For  here  disease  indeed  doth  find  a  home. 
Poor  wrecked  humanity  mid  breakers  tossed 
Finds  a  snug  harbor  on  this  friendless  coast, 
No  piled  up  Parthenon,  the  pagan's  pride, 
No  Coliseum  choked  with  gory  tide, 
No  Caesar's  house  with  guarded  door, 
No,  it  is  the  palace  of  the  suffering  poor." 

These  lines  show  the  character  and  taste  of  at  least 
some  of  the  inmates  of  this  historic  institution,  and  will 

68 


serve  to  remind  the  Alumni  of  remarkable  men  and 
women  who,  as  physical  and  moral  wrecks,  have  been 
under  their  care  in  old  ' '  Charity. ' ' 

There  was  a  rapid  increase  of  patients,  the  number 
soon  reaching  8,531.  Picture,  if  possible,  the  distressing 
condition  of  the  patients  which  soon  developed  under 
the  new  management.  Instead  of  being  under  the  judi- 
cious care  of  a  physician  of  the  type  of  Sanger,  they 
were  in  the  hands  of  one  Joseph  Keen,  Warden  of  the 
Penitentiary,  B.  B.  Sibell  being  continued  as  steward. 
What  a  penitentiary  warden  knew  about  the  proper  man- 
agement of  a  hospital  is  a  question  best  left  unanswered. 

In  1862,  the  city  made  a  contract  with  the  United 
States  Government  to  care  for  a  number  of  wounded 
Union  soldiers.  This  brought  the  number  of  admissions 
for  this  year  up  to  9,407.  These  were  maintained  at  an 
average  cost  of  14  cents  per  day.  If,  as  the  written  rec- 
ords do  not  say,  but  as  may  readily  be  inferred  from 
unwritten  history,  these  were  halcyon  days  for  the 
"  grafters,' '  what  must  have  been  their  flood  tide  of  pros- 
perity in  the  succeeding  years  when  the  average  cost  of 
maintenance  was  almost  trebled! 

From  the  large,  broad  humanity  of  Sanger,  it  is  a  piti- 
able change  to  the  narrowness  of  his  steward.  He  recom- 
mended that  the  syphilitics  be  "  assessed  an  amount 
equal  to  the  cost  which  they  entailed  upon  the  com- 
munity! " 

In  1864,  with  7,249  patients,  the  average  cost  of  main- 
tenance amounted  to  the  gigantically  fraudulent  sum  of 
37  cents  per  day.  About  2,500  sick  soldiers  were  treated, 
or,  if  we  are  to  believe  the  meagre  records,  were  mal- 
treated in  the  most  shocking  way.  Under  the  peniten- 
tiary methods,  the  hospital  wards  were  converted  by 
their  criminal  helpers  into  reeking  rooms  of  filth  and 
disease.  Many  a  wounded  soldier  was  here  impregnated 
with  syphilis  and  with  tuberculosis.  The  maladministra- 
tion at  this  time  was  unbearable,  and  there  is  to  be 
obtained  no  more  graphic  account  of  it  than  that  which 

69 


we  have  directly  from  the  pen  of  Dr.  Piffard.  This  per- 
sonal reminiscence  shows  more  graphically  than  any 
other  record  the  progress  which  has  been  made  in  the 
last  forty  years. 

The  Doctor  says:  i '  I  entered  Blackwell's  Island  ser- 
vice April  1, 1864.  My  colleagues  on  the  Island  staff  were 
Drs.  J.  W.  Southack,  Henry  C.  Eno,  Walter  F.  Day, 
Edward  C.  Janeway,  Darwin  Everett  and  William  A. 
Lockwood.  At  that  time  this  service  included  the  Island 
Hospital,  the  Smallpox  Hospital,  the  Workhouse  and  the 
Almshouse.  Four  members  of  the  staff  took  charge  of 
the  wards  in  the  Island  Hospital  and  also  of  the  Peni- 
tentiary near  it,  and  resided  in  the  Hospital ;  one  member 
of  the  staff  was  assigned  to  the  Workhouse,  another  to 
the  Almshouse  and  one  to  the  Smallpox  Hospital.  This 
last  member  lived  at  the  Island  Hospital.  The  roster  of 
the  Island  Hospital  patients  was  about  800,  thus  giving 
the  house  staff  an  average  of  200  each.  They  had  no 
assistance,  and  the  only  visiting  physician  was  Dr.  Isaac 
E.  Taylor,  and  the  only  visiting  surgeon  was  Dr.  Frank 
H.  Hamilton.  Each  of  these  gentlemen  visited  the  hos- 
pital on  an  average  once  a  week,  and  both  of  them 
seemed  specially  interested  in  the  cases  that  called  for 
operative  interference.  Dr.  Taylor  devoted  his  whole 
attention  to  the  gynaecological  cases.  During  May  tents 
were  provided  outside  the  hospital  and  between  it  and 
the  Smallpox  Hospital  for  the  accommodation  of  typhus 
cases  which  had  been  sent  up  from  Bellevue,  the  Bellevue 
typhus  service  being  discontinued.  In  the  Island  Hos- 
pital, however,  there  was  one  ward  with  a  few  typhus 
cases,  but  no  typhoids.  The  smallpox  service  in  the  ad- 
joining hospital  at  that  time  had  a  daily  average  of  say 
30  or  35  cases.  After  a  member  of  the  Island  house 
staff  had  served  a  certain  length  of  time,  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  one  of  the  other  institutions,  the  former  incum- 
bent going  to  the  Island  Hospital.  In  this  way  each 
member  of  the  staff  had  in  turn  charge  of  the  four  insti- 
tutions that  have  been  mentioned.   Our  total  service  on 

70 


the  Island  was  for  six  months,  when  we  were  transferred 
to  Bellevue,  and  the  writer  served  in  that  hospital  for 
twelve  months  succeeding  his  service  on  the  Island. 

The  food  supply  of  the  hospital  and  the  other  institu- 
tions was  exceedingly  poor.  The  local  administrator  of 
the  hospital,  then  termed  steward,  had  entire  charge  of 
all  matters  except  the  immediate  professional  care  of  the 
sick,  and  while  on  a  moderate  salary,  was  credited  with 
having  saved  sufficient  during  his  years  of  service  to  build 
a  block  of  houses  on  the  neighboring  island  of  Manhattan. 

Both  the  Island  institutions  and  Bellevue  were  at  that 
time  under  the  care  of  the  Commissioners  of  Charities, 
who  were  Simeon  Draper  (President),  Isaac  Bell,  Joseph 
B.  Nicholson  and  Moses  H.  Grinnell.  Mr.  Draper  fre- 
quently, the  others  rarely,  visited  the  Island  institutions, 
except  when  they  had  a  party  of  friends  who  were  hos- 
pitably entertained  at  the  residence  of  the  Warden  of 
the  Penitentiary.  How  the  wine  did  flow  on  those  occa- 
sions and  how  the  odors  of  it  were  wafted  down  to  us 
from  a  distance. 

When  the  writer  had  charge  of  the  Smallpox  Hospital, 
be  found  the  diet  especially  meagre  and  unsuitable,  and 
appealed  to  some  of  his  friends  for  money  with  which  to 
purchase  additional  food,  and  he  did  purchase  a  barrel 
of  eggs  and  some  other  things.  This  having  come  to  the 
knowledge  of  the  President  of  the  Board,  the  writer  was 
severely  reprimanded  and  given  to  understand  that  if 
he  again  gave  any  publicity  to  the  affairs  of  the  hospital, 
he  would  be  relieved  from  duty. 

At  the  Smallpox  Hospital,  the  matron  enjoyed  the  com- 
pany of  two  charming  young  women  as  guests,  and  it  may 
be  needless  to  say  that  this  hospital  was  the  evening  ren- 
dezvous of  the  majority  of  the  members  of  the  Island 
staff.  Although  there  was  this  constant  intercourse 
between  the  two  institutions,  no  case  of  smallpox  broke 
out  in  the  Island  Hospital. 

The  cases  of  typhus  alluded  to  above  were  in  a  few 
weeks  transferred,  and  the  whole  department  was  under 

71 


the  visiting  charge  of  Dr.  Stephen  Smith  with  Dr.  George 
W.  Engs  as  resident  physician,  he  having  previously- 
served  on  the  Bellevue  staff.  The  hospital  service  at  that 
time  was  divided  into  medical,  surgical,  gynaecological, 
skin  and  venereal.  There  was  very  little  notable  in  con- 
nection with  these  services,  except  the  bare  fact  that  they 
were  in  the  entire  charge  of  four  young  men  who  had 
just  graduated  and  had  no  one  to  call  on  for  advice,  ex- 
cept the  visiting  physician  and  surgeon  already  spoken  of. 

The  nurses  and  servants  of  the  institution  were  almost 
all  prisoners  from  the  workhouse,  many  of  whom  re- 
mained on  duty  at  the  hospital  after  their  terms  of  im- 
prisonment had  expired,  receiving  no  wages  but  a  pretty 
liberal  allowance  of  whiskey,  the  bung  of  the  whiskey 
barrel  being  under  the  control  of  the  physicians.  The 
various  attendants  mentioned  could  not  be  prevailed  on 
to  render  any  services  either  to  the  patients  or  to  the 
physicians  unless  they  received  the  liberal  wages  as 
above. 

One  of  the  most  distressing  features  connected  with  the 
Island  institutions  was  due  solely  to  improper  diet,  and 
scurvy  was  exceedingly  prevalent  at  both  the  Almshouse 
and  the  Workhouse,  with  occasional  cases  appearing  at 
the  Penitentiary,  but  rarely  at  the  Island  Hospital,  due 
not  so  much  to  superior  diet  as  to  the  fact  that  a  con- 
siderable portion  of  the  patients  died  before  they  had 
time  to  get  it. 

When  I  had  the  Penitentiary  service,  it  was  not  un- 
usual for  me  to  see  a  daily  sick  call  of  between  thirty 
and  forty  cases  of  scurvy  in  various  stages,  some  of  them 
utterly  helpless  from  the  disease  and  a  few  dying  from 
it.  Although  the  matter  of  diet  was  presented  to  the 
Commissioners,  very  little  betterment  of  it  occurred,  and 
our  principal  means  of  treatment  was  the  free  use  of 
potassio-tartrate  of  iron. 

Of  the  Island  staff  now  living  there  remain  Dr.  Jane- 
way,  Dr.  Eno  and  myself. 

A  few  years  after  leaving  Bellevue  I  was  appointed 

72 


visiting  surgeon  to  the  Island  Hospital,  and  after  serving 
in  that  capacity  some  twelve  or  fifteen  years,  was  ap- 
pointed Consulting  Physician,  which  position  I  now  hold. 
During  the  time  that  I  was  visiting  surgeon,  there  had 
been  a  decided  increase  in  the  number  of  the  house  staff, 
and  a  senior  resident  physician  in  supreme  control,  both 
of  the  civil  and  professional  functions,  subject  only  to 
members  of  the  Visiting  Board,  which  Board  has  been 
very  considerably  increased,  and  during  this  time  the 
conditions  of  the  hospital  were  very  materially  improved. 

On  one  occasion,  during  the  summer  of  1875, 1  came  up 
the  Sound  and  through  Hell  Gate  in  a  small  steam  launch, 
and,  as  a  violent  storm  was  threatening,  took  cover  at 
the  Almshouse  dock,  about  seven  o  'clock  in  the  evening. 
My  crew  consisted  of  one  man,  and  we  walked  through 
a  pouring  rain  from  the  Almshouse  down  to  the  Island 
Hospital,  seeking  supper  and  shelter  for  the  night.  I 
took  my  man  up  to  the  dermatological  ward,  and  told 
the  nurse  to  provide  him  with  supper  and  a  bed,  and  I 
was  provided  with  the  same  through  the  kindly  offices  of 
the  matron.  I  signed  a  pass  for  the  man  overnight  so  that 
he  could  leave  early  in  the  morning,  which  he  did.  About 
two  weeks  later,  he  applied  to  the  Bureau  of  Outdoor  Ke- 
lief,  and  was  distributed  to  my  division  of  the  hospital. 
I  found  him  suffering  from  scabies,  and  on  inquiry 
learned  that  owing  to  the  shortage  of  beds,  two  had  been 
placed  side  by  side,  and  my  man  had  slept  between  two 
other  men,  both  of  whom  were  suffering  from  that  disease. 

"  Four  ounces  of  whiskey  was  the  unit  of  coinage  for 
the  Island  realm. 1 ' 

The  rum-born  riots  described  by  Dr.  Piffard,  in  another 
portion  of  his  reminiscences  and  complained  of  in  the 
report  to  the  hospital,  were  at  length  put  a  stop  to  by 
discharging  the  penitentiary  nurses  and  orderlies,  and 
appointing  in  the  stead  a  decent  element,  which  was  put 
on  moderate  wages.  So  great  was  the  preponderance  of 
syphilitic  patients,  that  at  this  time  it  was  seriously  con- 
templated by  the  Commissioners  to  convert  the  institu- 

73 


tion  into  a  hospital  purely  for  the  treatment  of  venereal 
diseases. 

During  this  year  two  pay  wards  for  the  treatment  of 
syphilis  were  opened;  this  being  the  direct  result  of  the 
clamorings  of  Kelly  and  Sanger,  made  almost  twenty 
years  before.  The  patients  were  charged  $3.00  per  week, 
and  $475  was  received  from  this  source. 

In  this  year  there  were  578  deaths.  Phthisis  claimed 
176,  typhus,  167,  typhoid  67. 

In  March,  1866,  the  Commissioners  took  the  supervi- 
sion of  the  hospital  from  the  hands  of  the  Medical  Board 
of  Bellevue  and  vested  the  authority  in  a  separate  Board, 
consisting  of  two  consulting  and  twenty-two  visiting  phy- 
sicians and  surgeons.  At  this  time  also  the  name  ' 1  Island 
Hospital/ 9  was  changed  to  "  Charity  Hospital/ '  the 
term  "  Island  Hospital  "  having  thus  existed  for 
but  nine  years.  The  discretionary  power  of  the  new 
Medical  Board  extended  over  the  Smallpox  and  Fever 
hospitals,  the  Hospital  for  Incurables,  Almshouse, 
Infant  Department,  Penitentiary  and  Workhouse.  This 
Medical  Board  consisted  of  the  following  named  gentle-* 
men: 


Consulting  Physician. 

Benjamin  W.  McCready. 


Visiting  Physicians. 


Isaac  E.  Taylor, 
Foster  Swift, 
Austin  Flint, 
Kobert  Watts,  Jr. 
W.  H.  Thompson, 
J.  Lewis  Smith, 


W.  T.  Nealis, 
H.  S.  Hewitt, 
C.  A.  Budd, 
W.  E.  Gillette, 


W.  B.  Eager, 
J.  B.  Done, 


Alfred  L.  Loomis. 


House  Staff. 


Joseph  O'Dwyer, 
H.  H.  Kimball, 


Bichard  L.  Sykes, 
William  C.  Gouinlock, 


74 


SOLARIUM  FOR  MALE  PATIENTS. 


Dayton  W.  Searle, 
Lyman  Ware, 
Charles  A.  Carle, 


D.  D.  W.  Harrington, 
Peter  A.  Callan, 
Warren  Schoonover, 


W.  A.  Hawes. 


During  this  year  6,598  patients  were  treated.  Typhus 
and  other  fevers  had  been  rampant  in  the  city,  and  so 
many  of  the  staff  had  contracted  the  disease  in  the  course 
of  their  duties  at  the  fever  hospital,  that  it  was  deter- 
mined to  abolish  this  branch  of  the  service  and  install 
a  salaried  medical  attendant.  He  was  paid  $600  a  year. 
Dr.  Gouinlock  was  appointed  to  fill  this  position. 

In  December,  1866,  one  male  and  one  female  ward  were 
set  apart  for  the  exclusive  treatment  of  diseases  of  the 
eye,  and  Dr.  H.  D.  Noyes  was  placed  in  charge  of  these 
wards. 

This  (1866)  was  one  of  the  cholera  years,  and  the 
ravages  at  the  hospital,  and  particularly  at  the  Almshouse 
and  Workhouse  were  so  appalling  that  Dr.  Frank  H. 
Hamilton,  Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Inspection  of 
the  Medical  Board,  ordered  the  construction  and  use  of 
isolation  hospitals.  This  served  immediately  to  allay  the 
ravages  of  the  epidemic,  and  gave  to  the  fourteen  house 
physicians  and  surgeons  an  opportunity  to  make  their 
faithful  work  of  some  avail. 

The  egregious  writer  of  this  report  naively  remarks: 
' 1  The  superiority  of  the  present  organization  of  hospitals 
over  the  old  system  of  paid  physicians  has  been  fairly 
demonstrated.  Aside  from  the  pecuniary  economy  of  the 
present  system,  it  secures  the  gratuitous  services  of  the 
physicians  and  surgeons.' ' 

Not  alone  were  these  last  named  gentlemen  the  toys 
and  tools  of  the  politicians,  but  the  aspirants  for  spoil 
actually  had  the  mendacious  audacity  to  claim  that  the 
hospital,  which,  under  Sanger,  had  given  to  the  world  a 
classical  treatise  on  the  history  of  prostitution,  was  better 
administered  under  the  new  regime  than  it  had  been 
under  that  distinguished  writer.  The  report  is,  however, 


75 


sufficiently  just  to  concede  credit  to  Dr.  F.  H.  Hamilton 
for  his  work  in  stamping  out  the  cholera  epidemic. 

The  Fever  Hospital,  which  is  often  alluded  to  in  these 
reports,  consisted  of  a  set  of  one-story  wooden  structures, 
which  lay  between  the  Smallpox  Hospital  and  the  south- 
ern wall  of  Charity  Hospital.  In  these  filthy  pavilions 
612  cases  of  typhus  fever  were  treated  during  1866.  The 
report  of  Leroy  M.  Yale  to  Hamilton  on  the  cholera  epi- 
demic is  one  of  the  best  publications  ever  produced  in  con- 
nection with  the  City  Hospital. 

Throughout  the  whole  series  of  reports  bearing  on  the 
City  Hospital  may  be  seen  the  attitude  of  the  layman  as 
opposed  to  that  of  the  physician  toward  patients  affected 
with  syphilis.  The  report  of  the  Commissioners  of  Public 
Charities  for  1867  states  that:  "  It  is  to  be  deprecated 
that  so  noble  a  building,  the  most  conspicuous  object  in 
the  harbor  of  New  York,  should  be  regarded  as  the  shelter 
of  a  scandalous  disease. ' '  This  divergence  of  opinion  has 
been  elsewhere  noted. 

In  1867,  a  Hospital  for  Incurables  was  erected  near  the 
Almshouse.  This  was  because  of  the  crowded  condition 
of  Charity,  due,  largely,  to  the  fact  that  many  political 
"  heelers  99  and  all  forms  of  "  grafters  "  and  confidence 
men  were  kept  in  the  wards  by  order  of  their  political 
backers. 

During  this  year  the  Commissioners  contracted  for  a 
small  steamer  to  convey  those  sick  with  infectious  dis- 
eases to  the  Island.  Before  this  they  had  been  carried  in 
an  open  boat,  and  with  no  other  protection  in  winter  than 
a  blanket.  Ice  often  made  the  passage,  instead  of  a  few 
minutes,  from  one  to  six  hours. 

It  will  be  interesting  to  all  of  the  Alumni  to  know  the 
precise  origin  of  the  term  * '  extra  diet. 9  9  This  term  was 
created  by  a  special  committee  on  diet  of  the  Medical 
Board  at  Charity  Hospital  which  met  May  8,  1867.  This 
committee  consisted  of  W.  B.  Eager  (Chairman),  J.  B. 
Done  and  H.  D.  Noyes.  Up  to  this  time  much  trouble  had 
been  experienced  by  failure  of  the  steward  to  cook  an  ade- 

76 


quate  supply  of  food,  and  in  the  report  of  this  committee 
he  is  directed  at  all  times  to  keep  on  hand  the  following, 
articles:  Oatmeal,  butter,  coffee ,  white  sugar,  lemons, 
whiskey,  ale,  porter,  wine,  beefsteak,  mutton  chops,  ham, 
tomatoes  when  in  season,  or  canned.  These  are  to  be 
known  as  i 6  extra  diet. ' '  A  revised  dietary  table  was  also 
recommended  in  the  report.  On  May  16,  the  Board  of 
Commissioners  ordered  that  the  revised  dietary  table  be 
put  in  immediate  use  at  the  hospital.  On  August  12,  the 
Medical  Board  of  the  Charity  Hospital  accepted  the 
charge  of  the  Epileptic  and  Paralytic  Hospital,  which 
was  assigned  to  them  by  the  Board  of  Commissioners. 
As  a  result  of  this,  the  house  staff  was  increased  by  two 
members. 

During  this  year  also  a  gas  lighting  plant  was  installed, 
thus  eliminating  very  grave  danger  of  fire  which  had 
previously  existed. 

The  Medical  Board  was  not  backward  in  ordering  grog. 
During  the  month  of  April,  1867,  Watts  prescribed  2,086 
ounces;  Loomis,  1,118;  Sayre,  830;  Stephen  Smith,  442; 
Hamilton,  360;  Mott,  152;  O'Dwyer,  100.  (Minutes  of 
Commissioners.  Pub.  C.  &  C,  May  16, 1867.) 

In  the  report  of  this  year  there  is  the  following  nota- 
tion: "  The  secretary  desires  especially  to  render  his 
acknowledgments  to  Dr.  Joseph  O  'Dwyer  for  his  valuable 
assistance  in  the  preparation  of  the  accompanying  sta- 
tistics.' '  The  energy  which  induced  him  to  do  this  led 
subsequently  to  the  development  of  his  famous  intubation 
tubes. 

On  May  30,  it  was  ordered  that  the  Warden  of  the  Pen- 
itentiary cause  a  guard  boat  to  be  in  readiness  at  the 
lower  end  of  the  Island  for  the  accommodation  of  physi- 
cians and  surgeons,  on  their  signal  from  foot  of  Fifty-first 
Street,  from  7.30  a.m.  to  6.30  p.m.,  dinner  hour  excepted. ' ' 
Special  rules  were  passed  by  the  Warden  of  the  Peniten- 
tiary to  prevent  the  smuggling  of  spirituous  liquors  over 
this  ferry. 

In  1868,  984  spring  beds  were  introduced.    This  was 

77 


partly  with  the  object  of  giving  comfort  to  the  patients, 
but  more  particularly  with  the  view  to  saving  expense, 
as  the  springs  necessitated  the  use  of  less  straw. 

The  Medical  Board,  in  making  a  report  to  the  Com- 
missioners of  Correction,  said  that  since  the  introduction 
of  the  new  dietary  table  in  the  various  institutions  there 
had  been  a  remarkable  improvement.  Scurvy,  which  had 
previously  attacked  many  of  the  inmates  of  the  Work- 
house and  Almshouse,  had  been  almost  entirely  stamped 
out. 

In  1869,  the  average  expense  of  maintaining  7,020 
patients  was  33  cents  per  day,  showing  that  the  reforms 
inaugurated  had  in  a  short  time  begun  to  give  way  to 
corrupt  influences.  The  report  of  the  Warden  is  brief 
and  insignificant. 

So  corrupt  was  the  administration  that  the  Commis- 
sioners determined  to  appoint  Dr.  E.  G.  Janeway  as  Medi- 
cal Superintendent.  They  vested  in  him  almost  absolute 
authority  over  all  administrative  matters  pertaining  to 
the  hospital,  and  gave  to  his  office  the  name  of  ' 1  Chief-of- 
Staff. ' '  He  worked  from  early  morning  till  midnight  with 
characteristic  assiduity,  and  was  the  means  of  rectifying 
many  of  the  evils  which  had  given  rise  to  complaint.  In 
1870,  he  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  H.  G.  Burlingham. 

The  history  of  the  corrupt  conditions  which  led  to  the 
creation  of  the  1  i  Chief-of-Staff  ' 1  were  briefly  as  follows : 
The  expense  per  capita  had  almost  reached  the  figures 
of  the  notoriously  evil  administration  which  existed 
under  the  wardenship  of  the  penitentiary  officials.  The 
hospital  was  shockingly  overcrowded  by  the  well  known 
"  graft  "  system  of  retaining  patients  long  after  conva- 
lescence was  completed  in  order  to  secure  their  services, 
both  in  the  matter  of  doing  chores  and  of  voting. 
Moreover,  there  were  legitimate  reasons  for  the  appoint- 
ment of  such  an  officer. 

(1)  The  hospital  was  at  such  a  distance  from  the  homes 
of  the  visiting  physicians  and  surgeons  and  the  com- 
munication by  water  so  entirely  inadequate  and  slow  that 

78 


it  was  very  necessary  to  have  a  competent  representa- 
tive of  the  Board  at  the  hospital. 

(2)  The  staff  had  been  guilty  of  many  indiscretions 
previous  to  this  time,  and  it  was  not  to  the  best  interests 
of  the  hospital  or  of  the  profession  that  these  young  men 
should  have  as  full  rope  as  they  had  heretofore  enjoyed. 

(3)  The  business  management  of  the  hospital  by  the 
previous  incumbent  had  been  far  from  satisfactory,  and 
the  Medical  Board  believed  that  improvement  could  here 
be  effected  by  having  a  physician  of  executive  ability  at 
the  head  of  things. 

The  new  hospital  was  fully  completed  during  this  year. 
In  October,  1871,  Dr.  Burlingham  resigned  the  position 
of  Chief-of-Staff,  Dr.  A.  E.  Macdonald  being  appointed 
to  succeed  him.  On  March  1st,  1871,  Dr.  Lusk's  resigna- 
tion was  accepted  by  the  Medical  Board  of  Charity  Hos- 
pital. 

In  1872,  the  Medical  Board  complained  in  the  following 
terms  of  the  lack  of  an  autopsy  room:  "  Absence 
of  a  suitable  dead  house  is  a  very  serious  defect  in 
this  hospital,  which  is  capable  of  being  made  one  of  the 
finest  in  the  world. 7 9  The  report  further  states  that  two- 
conditions  invariably  obtain  in  Charity  Hospital: 
"  Either  the  wards  are  penetrated  with  bad  odors  or  else 
they  are  freezing  cold. ' ' 

From  the  5th  until  the  16th  of  January,  1872,  there 
was  added  distress  owing  to  the  insufficiency  of  the  water 
supply.  All  the  public  institutions  on  the  Island  were 
obliged  to  depend  for  water  upon  the  steamer  "  Minna- 
hanock,"  which  was  taken  from  her  usual  duties  and 
utilized  exclusively  for  the  conveyance  of  water.  The 
Island  at  that  time  consumed  100,000  gallons  a  day,  while 
the  i  i  Minnahanock  ' '  could  not  possibly  carry  more  than 
45,000  gallons.  Ultimately,  the  Island  was  supplied  with 
Croton  water,  much  difficulty  being  experienced  in  con- 
veying it,  because  of  the  freezing  of  the  water  in  the 
pipes  which  passed  through  the  briny  river.  For  more 
than  twenty  years,  however,  the  Island  was  supplied  by 

79 


means  of  two  gutta-percha  pipes  2\  inches  in  diameter. 
These  pipes  were  both  torn  up  by  a  large  brig  which 
losing  her  steerage  way,  was  obliged  to  anchor,  and  by  a 
strange  accident  tore  up  the  pipes. 

On  April  1,  1872,  an  action  of  great  historic  interest 
was  taken  by  the  Medical  Board.  A  woman,  Mary  J. 
Studley,  was  recommended  to  the  Board  by  the  Com- 
mittee on  Examination  as  having  passed  third  in  the  list 
of  the  six  successful  applicants  for  positions  on  the 
house  staff.  After  some  discussion  of  the  matter,  Dr. 
Watts  offered  the  resolution  that  the  committee  be  in- 
structed to  express  to  the  Board  of  Commissioners  as 
the  opinion  of  the  Medical  Board,  that  although  Miss 
Studley  had  passed  such  an  examination  as  to  show  her 
to  be  well  qualified  for  employment  on  the  house  staff,  the 
Medical  Board  deemed  it  inexpedient  to  appoint  a  female 
to  such  a  position.  On  the  following  day  Miss  Studley 
wrote  to  the  Commissioners  of  Charities  and  Correction 
demanding  that  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  govern- 
ment of  Charity  Hospital  be  not  violated  by  the  passing 
over  of  her  name.  This  was  referred  to  the  Medical  Board 
for  report,  and  this  body  may  be  quoted  as  saying  that 
they  did  not  announce  their  opposition  to  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  properly  qualified  female  physician  to  a  place 
in  the  public  hospitals,  but  that  the  character  of  Charity 
Hospital  was  such  as  to  make  the  appointment  of  a 
female  physician  eminently  unfitting.  This  report  is 
signed  by  Noyes,  Loomis  and  Chamberlain.  One  of  the 
most  acrimonious  replies  to  a  courteous  and  gentlemanly 
communication  was  returned  by  Miss  Studley.  Com- 
menting on  the  statement  made  by  the  Board  that  she 
would  find  actual  inspection  and  contact  with  the  organs 
of  generation  and  their  (venereal)  diseases  disagreeable, 
she  says,  "  Would  these  doctors  thereby  represent  to  the 
Commissioners  that  separate  cadavers  are  prepared  for 
lady  students,  destitute  of  such  organs  and  exempt  from 
such  diseases  V9  "  Under  the  mask  of  courtesy,  has  not 
the  Medical  Board  of  Charity  Hospital  degraded  my 

80 


Alma  Mater  and  my  diploma?  I  do  now  emphatically 
repeat  my  former  application  and  protest. ' ' 

In  August,  1872,  the  dermatological  ward  was  estab- 
lished. 

In  June,  1874,  the  Maternity  Service  was  opened,  and 
all  the  pregnancy  cases  from  Bellevue  Hospital  were 
transferred  to  this  institution,  the  service  became  a  very 
important  one.  During  this  year  their  were  562  births, 
with  a  loss  of  nine  mothers. 

The  great  preponderance  of  syphilitic  cases  in  the 
institution  at  this  time  led  to  the  suggestion  by  the  Medi- 
cal Board  that  a  separate  hospital  for  the  treatment  of 
venereal  diseases  be  erected. 

In  this  connection  it  may  be  suggested  that  the  abroga- 
tion of  the  venereal  wards  in  the  City  Hospital,  as  recently 
contemplated,  is  not  in  any  sense  in  accord  with  the  prece- 
dents of  the  institution.  If  it  be  true  that  from  the  present 
Almshouse  a  new,  great  municipal  hospital  is  slowly 
being  evolved  just  as  the  City  Hospital  and  as  Bellevue 
were  brought  into  existence  from  pre-existing  alms- 
houses, the  supposition  is  probably  correct  that  this  ten- 
dency to  discontinue  the  treatment  of  venereal  cases  is  in 
line  with  such  evolution.  It  is  to  be  remembered  that 
Bellevue  took  this  step  more  than  fifty  years  ago.  It  may 
be  a  wise  course,  but  it  should  not  be  adopted  until  some 
adequate  means  are  provided  for  the  treatment  of  syph- 
ilitic patients.  The  day  is  undoubtedly  not  far  distant 
when  adequate  measures  will  be  taken  for  the  isolation 
of  syphilitics  along  lines  similar  to  those  adopted  in 
tuberculous  cases.  Cases  of  gonorrheal  infection,  which, 
it  is  well  known,  claims,  at  least  among  women,  an 
equal  number  of  deaths  with  syphilis,  should  probably  be 
received  into  such  a  haven. 

The  position  of  Chief-of-Staff  was  evidently  not  a  sine- 
cure, for  in  August,  1874,  Macdonald  resigned,  and  Dr.  D. 
H.  Kitchen,  of  Utica,  was  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

In  December,  1874,  an  important  step  in  advance  was 
made  in  that  an  hourly  service  between  Fifty-second 

81 


Street  and  the  Island  was  esablished,  a  launch  being 
secured  in  place  of  the  row  boat,  which  had  been  used 
up  to  that  time. 

The  records  of  this  period  are  scanty  and  uninteresting. 
It  was  thought  that  a  touch  of  human  interest  could  be 
given  to  the  otherwise  very  dry  details  by  obtaining  a 
history  of  the  times  from  one  of  the  Alumni  who  lived 
through  them.  We  are  exceedingly  fortunate  that  Dr.  D. 
Bryson  Delavan  was  willing  to  take  the  time  to  furnish 
the  following  reminiscence: 

In  and  about  1874,  Charity  Hospital  was  a  fair  repre- 
sentative of  the  municipal  hospitals  of  that  date.  It  was, 
of  course,  then,  as  now,  different  from  Bellevue,  in  that  it 
did  not  receive  as  large  a  proportion  of  acute  cases.  There 
were,  however,  pavilions  for  infectious  diseases,  includ- 
ing typhoid  and  typhus  fever,  diphtheria  and  scarlet 
fever,  erysipelas  and  septicaemia,  also  a  pavilion  for 
patients  unfit  for  the  wards  in  the  hospital  itself. 

The  Smallpox  Hospital  occupied  a  building  at  the  foot 
of  the  Island,  now  used  for  the  Nurses'  Pavilion.  Be- 
tween this  and  Charity  Hospital  were  the  series  of  one- 
story  wooden  buildings,  used  for  the  various  cases  above 
referred  to.  The  object  of  the  cheap  construction  of  these 
buildings  was  to  enable  them  to  be  destroyed  at  frequent 
intervals,  so  that  they  should  not  harbor  infection.  Once 
having  been  erected,  however,  they  were  allowed  indefin- 
itely to  remain. 

The  epidemic  of  smallpox  which  culminated  in  1874 
was  one  of  the  most  interesting  events  in  the  history  of 
Charity  Hospital.  From  small  beginnings,  over  a  period 
of  more  than  a  year,  the  daily  number  of  patients  treated 
at  the  hospital  advanced,  until  in  1874,  a  maximum  of  225 
a  day  was  reached. 

Compulsory  vaccination  vigorously  applied  throughout 
the  city  resulted  in  the  absolute  and  complete  extermina- 
tion of  the  disease,  until,  in  1876,  but  one  case  of  small- 
pox was  recorded  for  the  whole  year,  a  wonderful  vindi- 
cation of  the  value  of  enforced  vaccination. 

82 


The  service  of  Charity  Hospital  itself  was  large  and 
varied.  One  of  the  best  conducted  services,  ultimately, 
was  the  maternity,  which  occupied  wards  in  the  upper 
story  of  the  Charity  Hospital  building.  The  confine- 
ments averaged  about  50  a  month.  The  nurses  in  this 
department  were,  of  course,  of  the  so-called  untrained 
class,  but  several  of  them  were  women  of  sterling  char- 
acter and  of  excellent  experience  and  skill.  The  results 
in  my  time  were  remarkably  good  considering  the  lack  of 
modern  methods.  Comparing  the  statistics  of  that  time, 
however,  with  those  of  the  present  day,  vast  improvement 
is  at  once  evident.  To  Dr.  Henry  J.  Garrigues  is  due  the 
credit  of  having  introduced  the  modern  system  of  anti- 
septic midwifery  into  Charity  Hospital,  and,  indeed,  into 
this  country— a  system  which  has  reduced  the  mortality 
from  an  appalling  to  a  nearly  negative  percentage. 

The  history  of  the  Charity  maternity  service  is  inter- 
esting. Prior  to  1875  all  such  cases  were  received  in  the 
lying-in  department  of  Belle vue.  The  mortality  rate  then 
was  always  high,  but  in  1875  puerperal  fever  assumed 
such  activity,  and  the  proportion  of  deaths  from  confine- 
ment and  sepsis  became  so  terrible  that  the  service  was 
broken  up.  The  reasons  for  the  epidemic  are  readily 
explained.  The  principles  of  Pasteur  were  unknown. 
Women  in  labor  were  in  some  instances  attended  by  those 
who  had  come  directly  from  septic  cases.  Necessarily, 
infection  was  spread. 

The  whole  service  was  transferred  to  Charity.  The 
parturient  women  were  distributed  around  the  various 
female  wards,  and  the  waiting  women  placed  in  some 
unused  wards  in  the  upper  part  of  the  building.  From 
this  beginning  the  regular  maternity  service  was  estab- 
lished. It  was  quickly  organized  and  placed  upon  a  sat- 
isfactory basis. 

While  the  medical  and  surgical  service  offered  a  vast 
field  for  clinical  and  pathological  study,  the  most  inter- 
esting feature  of  the  hospital  was  its  special  wards,  which 
included  the  departments  of  ophthalmology,  dermatology, 

83 


genito-urinary  and  venereal  diseases,  and  a  gynaecologi- 
cal department.  The  venereal  service  was  the  only  one 
of  its  kind  in  the  city,  and  offered  one  of  the  best  oppor- 
tunities for  study  in  the  world.  The  laryngological  ser- 
vice was  established  in  1876  by  John  H.  Lowman,  now 
of  Cleveland,  and  by  Dr.  Delavan.  It  soon  attained  a 
position  of  such  interest  as  to  attract  the  attention  of 
specialists,  with  the  result  that  the  late  Dr.  Louis  Elsberg 
was  appointed  regular  attendant. 

The  hospital  at  this  time  was  under  the  control  of 
the  Commissioners  of  Charity  and  Correction.  The  work 
of  the  Ladies'  State  Aid  Association,  however,  had 
made  itself  felt,  and  through  the  influence  of  the  noble 
women  who  gave  their  time  and  attention  to  the  inter- 
ests of  this  particular  hospital  the  old  order  of  nursing 
was  done  away  with  and  a  regular  training  school  for 
nurses  was  established  in  1875.  Of  the  evils  of  the  old 
system  no  one  of  the  present  day  can  form  the  slightest 
conception.  Helpers  of  every  degree  of  unfitness  and 
immorality  had  been  employed  to  care  for  the  sick.  In 
Ward  2  of  the  medical  service,  for  instance,  the  head 
nurse  was  a  woman  of  the  most  ruffianly  character. 
Patient  after  patient  among  the  old  incurable  and  help- 
less inmates  of  this  ward  died  of  starvation  and  abuse 
under  her  brutality,  yet  such  was  her  influence  with  the 
Commissioners  that  no  charges  brought  against  her  were 
sufficient  to  secure  her  dismissal.  Many  others,  however, 
although  uneducated  in  nursing,  illiterate  and  even  de- 
praved, did  faithful  service  as  far  as  their  ability  per- 
mitted. 

No  nobler  character  ever  existed  than  old  John  Colli- 
gan,  head  nurse  in  the  fever  pavilion— a  man  whose  self 
forgetfulness  and  never  ceasing  kindness  to  those  under 
his  charge  brought  many  a  desperate  case  of  typhoid 
fever  to  a  favorable  termination.  Although  an  ignorant 
Irish  peasant,  he  was  by  instinct  a  gentleman  and  a  born 
nurse,  with  the  tenderness  of  a  woman  and  the  motives 
of  a  saint. 

84 


ERYSIPELAS  ANI>  NERVOUS  PAVILION. 


The  religious  interests  of  the  hospital  were  presided 
over  by  two  resident  clergymen,  Father  Fetter,  who  rep- 
resented the  Koman  Catholic  Church,  and  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Bourne,  an  Episcopalian.  Both  of  these  were  simple- 
minded,  devout  men  who  attended  strictly  to  the  duties 
of  their  offices,  never  failing  to  respond  to  the  calls  made 
upon  them  and  in  a  quiet  way  doing  the  truest  missionary 
work. 

A.  E.  McDonald  was  Chief-of-Staff  from  1871  up  to  1874 
when  he  resigned  and  the  late  Daniel  H.  Kitchen  was  ap- 
pointed in  his  place.  Of  the  last  named  little  can  be  said, 
and  under  his  care  the  hospital  made  poor  progress  ex- 
cepting in  the  direction  of  cutting  down  expenses.  The 
establishment  of  the  training  school  for  nurses  was  not  in 
any  measure  due  to  his  influence,  but  mainly  to  that  of  the 
late  Mrs.  Lydig  Holt,  Mrs.  Lowell  and  a  few  other  ladies 
of  the  State  Aid  Association. 

With  the  advent  of  the  training  school,  the  whole 
atmosphere  of  the  hospital  was  transformed,  and  from 
that  day  until  now  it  has  made  steady  upward  progress. 
The  surgical  record  of  Charity  at  this  time  was  fully  as 
good  as  that  of  other  institutions  of  the  kind. 

A  visit  to  the  surgical  clinic  of  the  hospital,  however, 
would  have  revealed  a  condition  of  things  which  to-day 
would  be  incredible.  What  wonder  when  the  conditions 
then  generally  prevailing  are  understood?  Passing  in 
the  lee  of  any  large  hospital,  the  odors  borne  on  the 
breeze  gave  evidence  of  the  utter  foulness  of  the  build- 
ing and  its  contents.  The  "  hospital  odor,"  as  it  was 
called,  was  a  mixture  of  stenches,  predominant  among 
which  was  that  of  stale  pus.  It  was  something  which 
could  be  recognized  hundreds  of  yards  away  from  the 
institution. 

This  was  particularly  true  of  Bellevue.  In  confirma- 
tion of  this,  one  has  only  to  study  the  statistics.  Opera- 
tions which  now  are  scarcely  regarded  of  more  than 
minor  importance  were  at  Bellevue  commonly  fatal  even 
in  the  hands  of  the  best  surgeons,  not  because  they  were 

85 


not  performed  with  a  high  degree  of  skill,  but  by  reason 
of  the  almost  certainty  of  septic  infection. 

Matters  at  Charity  were  not  nearly  as  bad.  Neverthe- 
less, in  one  of  the  surgical  clinics  at  Charity,  I  remem- 
ber a  patient  brought  in  for  operation  without  the  slight- 
est attempt  at  washing  the  parts  in  any  way.  The  knives 
had  been  washed  in  soap  and  water  and  wiped  upon  a 
towel  after  the  previous  operation.  The  operator  put 
on  an  old  frock  coat  which  he  kept  in  the  operating  room 
for  the  purpose,  and  which  he  buttoned  to  his  chin  to 
protect  his  clothing  from  being  spattered.  It  was  en- 
crusted with  the  remains  of  several  years  of  former 
operations.  Its  odor  was  that  of  the  dissecting  room. 
None  of  the  assistants  paid  attention  to  washing  their 
hands.  Old  sponges,  unsterilized  dressings  and  con- 
stantly infected  wards  were  the  rule.  Such  was  the 
uncleanliness  of  some  of  the  internes  in  the  use  of  knives 
in  the  minor  surgical  work  in  the  wards  that  the  patients 
were  frequently  infected.  In  fact,  antiseptic  surgery  had 
not  been  born,  and  until  1876— the  year  of  its  birth— 
what  I  may  call  the  dark  age  of  surgery  prevailed. 

The  above  example  is  admittedly  extreme.  It  is  only 
fair  to  say  that  the  surgery  of  Van  Buren,  Keyes,  Yale, 
Howe  and  others  was  of  the  best  order  of  excellence 
known  to  the  time.  Some  of  it  was  most  brilliant,  both 
in  execution  and  result. 

The  old  operating  room  was  well  situated  and  not  ill 
fitted  for  the  purpose  if  it  had  been  properly  equipped. 
Twenty-five  years  ago  it  was  converted  into  a  chapel. 

The  history  of  institutions  devoted  to  the  care  of  the 
poor  and  helpless  has  always  been  the  same.  They  have 
been  the  object  of  rapine  on  the  part  of  the  covetous,  and 
nothing  but  the  strenuous  efforts  of  those  interested  in 
the  welfare  of  the  inmates  had  ever  secured  for  these 
people  their  just  rights.  In  this  particular,  Charity  Hos- 
pital was  no  exception.  The  food  supplied  both  for  the 
patients  and  for  the  medical  staff  was,  generally  speaking, 
inadequate  and  of  poor  quality.    Even  where  "  extra 

86 


diet  "  was  furnished,  it  was  not  of  a  character  to  be 
very  helpful  to  those  needing  it.  Although  some  excep- 
tion might  be  taken  to  the  above  statement,  it  is  in  the 
main  strictly  true.  The  doctors'  table  was  generally 
managed  by  the  matron  of  the  hospital — the  lamented 
Mrs.  Dunphy,  a  woman  of  large  stature  and  vigorous 
character,  representing  the  extreme  type  of  her  kind. 
The  appointments  of  the  table  were  of  the  simplest  kind, 
and  the  food  was  generally  cheap  and  poor.  The  prepara- 
tion of  it  depended  upon  the  quality  of  cook  secured  for 
the  doctors'  mess,  the  incumbent  being  taken  from  the 
Workhouse,  where  every  variety  of  choice  was  offered. 
Some  of  the  best  cooks  were  the  most  uncertain  in  their 
ways.  The  star  in  our  time  was  one  who  had  been  sent 
up  for  three  months  and  who  proved  herself  to  be  a  verit- 
able treasure.  So  greatly  was  her  work  appreciated  that 
on  the  day  of  her  discharge  a  purse  was  made  up  by  the 
doctors  and  duly  presented  to  her.  She  left  on  the  nine 
o'clock  boat  after  cooking  the  staff  breakfast.  Shortly 
after  reaching  the  city  she  was  drunk  and  disorderly,  was 
taken  to  court,  sentenced,  sent  to  the  Workhouse  at  3 
p.m.,  returned  to  Charity  Hospital,  and  at  half-past  six 
served  dinner  for  the  staff,  as  she  had  done  for  the 
previous  three  months. 

The  Commissioners  sometimes  took  a  greater  interest 
in  the  affairs  of  the  doctors'  table  than  was  apparent 
from  the  results  of  their  efforts.  The  most  approach- 
able of  these  worthies  was  the  late  Hon.  Thomas  H.  Bren- 
nan,  who,  on  the  whole,  was  disposed  to  be  friendly  to  the 
staff  and  not  averse  to  occasionally  furthering  their 
interests. 

(The  staff  of  '98  will  recall  that  twenty-five  years  later 
the  quality  of  the  chicken  was  such  as  to  produce  indican 
in  everybody's  urine.) 

Other  commissioners  at  that  time  were  Isaac  H.  Bailey 
and  Townsend  Cox. 

Politics  dominated  the  place  and  everything  in  it, 
excepting  the  appointments  of  the  house  staff,  which 

87 


were  made  on  competitive  examination  by  the  Medical 
Board,  and  confirmed  by  the  recommendation  of  the  com- 
missioners. The  smallest  official  was  apparently  under 
tribute,  and  this  system  appeared  to  extend  from  the 
highest  to  the  lowest.  In  1874  came  the  downfall  of  the 
Tweed  ring  and  the  commitment  of  Tweed  to  the  Peni- 
tentiary. This  action  on  the-  part  of  the  courts  created 
great  excitement  and  indignation  among  Tweed  's  friends 
and  every  effort  was  made  to  obtain  his  release.  This 
proved  ineffectual.  It  was  arranged  that  he  should  not 
be  placed  in  a  cell,  but  occupy  a  room  in  company  with 
a  keeper.  When  this  became  known  to  the  opposing 
newspapers,  instant  objection  was  made  to  such  favorit- 
ism being  shown  to  one  who  could  pay  for  it,  and  the 
hue  and  cry  became  so  great  that  Tweed,  or  the  "  old 
man,"  as  he  was  generally  called,  was  given  the  best 
place  at  the  command  of  the  warden,  viz.— the  position 
of  orderly  in  the  Penitentiary  hospital.  This  again  failed 
to  please  the  political  element,  who  at  once  set  to  work 
to  try  to  extricate  Tweed  from  his  unpleasant  position. 
Three  criminals  were  bribed  to  allow  themselves  to  be 
rubbed  with  Croton  oil,  and  at  the  same  time  they  were 
instructed  carefully  as  to  the  symptoms  of  smallpox,  and 
at  once  the  fact  was  published  in  the  New  York  journals 
that  three  virulent  cases  of  smallpox  had  broken  out  in 
the  Penitentiary  hospital  and  that  the  ex-statesman  was 
exposed  to  imminent  danger  of  infection.  Tweed  was  at 
once  placed  in  comfortable  quarters  in  the  house  of  the 
warden,  and  the  three  ruffians  were  sent  under  a  strong 
guard  to  the  half-way  house,  as  it  was  called.  There,  on 
being  questioned,  the  men  complained  loudly  of  fearful 
pains  in  the  back,  raging  headaches  and  great  prostra- 
tion. Strange  to  say,  however,  in  each  case  the  pulse 
and  temperature  were  normal,  and  when  a  good  dinner 
was  set  before  them,  they  gave  indisputable  evidence  of 
perfect  health.  After  three  days'  detention,  and  just  as 
the  smallpox  authorities1  had  concluded  to  send  them 
back  to  the  Penitentiary,  during  a  quiet  moment  when 

88 


the  attention  of  their  guards  was  diverted,  they  all  three 
quietly  slipped  into  the  East  River,  swam  to  Ravenswood 
and  disappeared. 

At  the  time  of  which  we  are  writing,  a  term  of  service 
at  the  hospital  consisted  of  eighteen  months,  six  months 
each  in  the  positions  of  junior  assistant,  senior  assistant, 
and  house:  The  junior  assistants  lived  out  of  the  hos- 
pital and  were  obliged  to  be  on  duty  from  9  o  'clock  until 
5.  The  steam  launch  was  then  unknown,  and  the  passage 
from  the  foot  of  East  52d  Street  to  the  Charity  Hospital 
dock  was  made  in  a  long  boat  rowed  by  seven  men  and 
steered  by  a  cockswain.  Promptly  at  9  o'clock  every 
morning  this  boat  left  the  landing.  The  passage  across 
the  river  was  easy  or  difficult  in  accordance  with  the 
time  of  the  tide.  At  slackf  water,  it  was  a  short  trip,  but 
at  half  tide,  when  the  current  run  with  greater  swiftness, 
the  time  required  for  crossing  was  considerable,  naviga- 
tion being  sometimes  very  difficult.  It  was  attended  with 
considerable  danger  when  steamboats  of  the  larger  type 
happened  to  be  passing,  and  some  narrow  escapes  and 
very  serious  accidents  have  been  recorded.  The  most 
exciting  incident  of  our  time  occurred  in  the  winter  of 
1874  or  5,  when,  late  in  January,  after  a  continued  spell 
of  severely  cold  weather,  the  ice  became  so  firm  that  one 
day  many  crossed  upon  it  from  shore  to  shore.  Later  the 
river  became  filled  with  broken  ice  which  passed  up  and 
down  with  the  tide,  rendering  navigation  almost  impos- 
sible. On  a  certain  morning,  a  strong  ebb  tide  was  run- 
ning down  the  river,  and,  the  temperature  being  several 
degrees  below  zero,  the  boat  started  to  attempt  the  pas- 
sage, having  on  board  the  usual  number  of  rowers,  the 
cockswain,  the  members  of  the  staff,  two  or  three  atten- 
dants and  a  lady  who  went  to  the  Island  every  day  for  the 
purpose  of  furnishing  music  for  the  chapel  services  at  the 
Almshouse.  When  but  a  few  yards  away  from  the  landing, 
the  whole  width  of  the  river  being  completely  packed 
with  a  thick  mass  of  drift  ice,  with  not  a  particle  of  clear 
water  in  sight,  a  strong  current  was  suddenly  encoun- 

89 


tered  which  carried  the  boat  and  the  ice  which  held  it 
rapidly  down  the  river.  Efforts  to  extricate  the  boat 
and  to  get  it  back  to  shore  were  useless.  It  soon  became 
clear  that  the  only  possible  way  of  reaching  land  was  to 
run  down  stream  with  the  tide,  until  it  slackened,  and 
then,  when  the  ice  should  become  separated,  to  make  the 
best  landing  possible.  The  wind  was  blowing  a  blizzard. 
We  were  not  expecting  such  an  event,  and  most  of  those 
in  the  boat  were  not  clad  to  withstand  the  low  tempera- 
ture. The  boat  itself  was  old  and  weak,  and  little  force 
would  have  been  required  to  break  it  to  pieces.  Fortu- 
nately for  us,  the  tide  slackened  when  we  were  some- 
where in  the  neighborhood  of  23d  Street,  and  by  hard 
work  we  managed  to  get  back  to  the  Island  by  half-past 
eleven  o'clock.  There  we  found  the  whole  establishment 
in  an  uproar  of  excitement,  the  greatest  apprehension 
having  been  felt  for  our  safety.  As  it  was,  most  of  the 
rowers  were  more  or  less  frost  bitten  and  several  of  the 
occupants  of  the  boat  suffered  more  or  less. 

With  all  the  undesirable  and  saddening  features  of 
the  place,  there  was  much  about  old  Charity  Hospital 
which  was  bright  and  cheering.  At  every  holiday  season, 
sometime  between  Christmas  and  New  Year,  a  dance  was 
given  to  the  employees  and  helpers,  all  of  whom,  with 
few  exceptions,  came  from  the  Workhouse.  This  dance 
was  the  event  of  the  year  and  in  its  way  was  unique. 
Light  refreshments  were  provided,  including  a  small 
amount  of  not  very  dangerous  punch,  and  one  or  two 
fiddlers  were  employed  to  furnish  music.  The  company 
generally  divided  itself  into  two  sides,  and  the  crowning 
performance  of  the  evening  was  the  prize  dance  between 
two  representatives  of  the  rival  camps.  There  was  one 
old  woman  who  figured  about  the  place  for  years  who 
held  the  championship  in  the  Irish  jig.  A  proper  dancing 
board  would  be  provided,  and  this  woman,  with  the  best 
one  of  the  men  dancers,  would  start  a  "  breakdown." 
When  one  member  of  the  couple  became  tired,  another 
one  would  be  put  forward,  but  the  old  woman  could  out- 

90 


dance  them  all,  and  her  remarks  to  the  vanquished  gar- 
cons  were  worth  traveling  many  a  mile  to  hear.  Her 
endurance  was  phenomenal,  as  every  champion  lad  found 
to  his  cost,  for,  despite  all  the  cheers  and  jeers  of  the 
company,  no  one  seemed  to  have  the  strength  to  keep 
up  with  her  tremendous  efforts. 

The  scientific  work  of  the  attending  staff  was  of  greatly 
varied  character.  Some  of  the  most  brilliant  men  of  the 
day  were  making  their  reputations  in  the  same  wards 
which  were  being  by  others  misused  or  neglected. 

On  the  whole,  the  character  of  the  work  done  was  excel- 
lent, and,  considering  the  means  at  hand  and  the  wretched 
physical  condition  of  a  large  proportion  of  the  patients, 
a  vast  amount  of  good  was  accomplished.  In  the  treat- 
ment of  pneumonia,  for  instance,  better  results  were  ob- 
tained than  commonly  prevail  to-day,  although  a  great 
many  of  the  severe  cases  were  alcoholic  subjects  in  every 
way  unsuited  to  withstand  it.  One  of  these  pneu- 
monia cases  is  worthy  of  mention.  An  Irishman  suffer- 
ing with  delirium  tremens  was  placed  in  Ward  2,  where 
he  quickly  developed  double  pneumonia  of  the  severest 
type.  It  will  be  remembered  that  Ward  2  was  on  a  level 
with  the  ground,  and  that  it  was  lighted  by  windows, 
the  sills  of  which  were  some  five  feet  or  more  above  the 
floor.  Outside  was  a  brick  pavement.  The  patient  had 
a  phenomenally  high  temperature,  and  had  been  very 
delirious.  During  the  night,  his  delirium  apparently  sub- 
sided, and  the  night  nurse,  turning  his  attention  for  a 
few  moments  in  another  direction,  was  surprised  to  see 
the  man  spring  suddenly  from  bed  and  with  a  wild  yell 
run  the  length  of  the  ward  at  full  speed,  leap  headforemost 
through  the  window,  carrying  glass,  sash  and  all  with 
him.  The  attendant  gave  an  alarm,  and  searching  parties 
were  at  once  sent  out  to  find  the  man.  A  wild  February 
storm  of  wind  and  rain  was  raging  outside.  It  was  one 
of  the  worst  nights  on  record.  For  four  hours  the  man 
was  missing  and  at  daylight  was  found  crouching  stark 
naked  among  the  rocks  at  the  foot  of  the  Island.  He  was 

91 


immediately  brought  to  the  hospital  and  put  to  bed,  and 
on  taking  his  temperature  it  was  found  that  it  had  fallen 
several  degrees  from  the  last  record.  He  went  to  sleep, 
woke  up  with  a  clear  mind  and  went  on  to  a  speedy, 
uneventful  and  perfect  recovery.  ' 9 

Charity  Hospital  thus  accidentally  became  the  birth- 
place of  hydrotherapy  in  the  treatment  of  acute  infec- 
tious diseases. 

In  June,  1875,  the  male  epileptics  were  transferred 
from  the  northern  extremity  of  the  Island  to  Charity 
Hospital.  The  time  of  service  of  the  house  staff  was  also 
changed  during  this  year  from  18  to  12  months.  This, 
however,  proved  an  unsatisfactory  arrangement,  and  in 
April,  1877,  the  length  of  the  term  of  service  was  again 
made  18  months.  On  the  20th  of  January,  1875,  by  an 
act  of  the  Legislature,  the  charge  of  the  Smallpox  Hos- 
pital passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Health  Department. 
The  nurses  were  at  once  discharged,  and  the  care  of  the 
sick  was  intrusted  to  the  Sisters  of  Charity. 

The  system  of  nursing  at  Charity  had  long  been  recog- 
nized as  utterly  inadequate  and  vicious,  and  a  school  for 
the  training  of  nurses  was  established  in  connection  with 
the  hospital. 

Upon  the  suggestion  of  Mayor  Wickham,  a  circular 
was  issued  giving  information  concerning  the  require- 
ments of  admission  and  describing  the  course  of  instruc- 
tion offered.  On  the  first  day  of  October,  1875,  the  school 
was  opened  with  twenty  pupils.  On  the  first  of  the  year 
the  number  increased  to  forty-five,  this  being  as  many 
as  could  be  received. 

A  matter  of  great  difficulty  was  experienced  at  this 
point  in  that  no  suitable  accommodations  were  at  hand 
for  the  nurses.  There  was  no  ' i  Nurses 1  Home. ' 9  In  order 
to  accommodate  the  pupils  the  rooms  adjoining  the  wards 
were  refurnished,  and  a  pavilion  was  divided  into  rooms 
and  made  reasonably  comfortable  for  sleeping  apart- 
ments.   A  separate  dining-room  was  prepared  and  the 

92 


NEW  YORK  MATERNITY  HOSPITAL. 


room  which  had  been  used  as  the  hospital  library  and 
reading-room  was  made  into  a  nurses '  parlor. 

When  this  training  school  was  inaugurated,  there  were 
but  three  in  this  country,  namely — one  at  Hartford,  Conn., 
one  in  Boston  and  the  two-year-old  Bellevue  School. 

The  school  was  entirely  under  the  direction  of  the 
Chief-of-Staff  of  the  Hospital.  That  his  authority  was 
indisputable  may  be  gathered  from  this  excerpt  from 
the  "  Duties  of  Nurses.' '  "  Never  play  at  any  game 
with  one  another  nor  with  patients  except  by  the  Chief- 
of-Staff  's  direction.  Nurses  must  never  leave  the  hos- 
pital without  permission  from  the  Chief-of-Staff. '  9 

In  January,  1875,  Thomas  Brennan,  once  clerk  of  the 
Penitentiary  Hospital,  until  this  time  Warden  of  Bellevue, 
was  made  Commissioner  of  Charities  and  Correction. 

All  these  years  smallpox  patients  had  been  treated  in 
a  building  at  the  southern  extremity  of  the  island.  Dur- 
ing this  year  this  building  passed  under  the  control  of 
the  Board  of  Health. 

In  1876,  the  obstetrical  department  of  the  Hospital, 
which  had  been  in  operation  since  June,  1874,  was  re- 
ported to  the  Chief-of-Staff  as  having  cared  for  586 
births;  20  mothers  had  died  and  117  children,  51  of 
these  being  still-born.  The  chief  complains  in  this  report 
that  hospitalism,  combined  with  the  evil  effects  of  con- 
fining women  in  an  institution  containing  surgical,  ven- 
ereal and  many  other  kinds  of  cases,  maintains  this  very 
high  mortality  rate,  and  he  expresses  the  hope  that  ere 
long  a  maternity  hospital  of  suitable  construction  shall 
be  built. 

The  year  1876  saw  the  division  into  two  wards  of  the 
dermatological  cases,  which  service  has  ever  since  been 
a  most  important  one  in  the  history  of  the  hospital. 

In  77  a  branch  hospital  was  opened  on  Randall's 
Island,  and  this  aided  materially  in  relieving  the  conges- 
tion at  Charity  Hospital;  77  saw  also  the  establishment 
of  a  separate  gynaecological  ward. 

During  all  this  period  there  were  six  wards,  each  con- 

93 


taining  twenty  beds,  devoted  exclusively  to  the  treatment 
of  venereal  disease.  Little  wonder  that  beginning  with 
Sanger's  monumental  work  on  the  i '  History  of  Prostitu- 
tion/ '  followed  by  the  indefatigable  labors  of  Buinsted, 
Otis,  Keyes  and  other  eminent  American  syphilographers, 
this  hospital  has  obtained  a  world-wide  reputation  for 
its  genito-urinary  clinics. 

During  this  year  an  effort  was  made  to  render  the 
quarters  of  the  house  staff  more  suitable  for  gentlemen 
to  live  in,  and  the  report  of  the  chief-of-staff  contains 
a  record  of  work  done  in  this  direction.  It  is  not  inap- 
propriate to  state  that  those  of  us  who  remember  the  dis- 
gusting conditions  under  which  the  house  staff  had,  until 
very  recent  years,  been  obliged  to  live,  will  rejoice  at 
the  good  news  that  the  Commissioners  are  contemplating 
the  erection  of  a  building  near  the  hospital  which  shall 
be  devoted  expressly  to  the  staff.  So  notorious  had  the 
room  become  in  which  the  juniors  were  confined  that  not 
long  ago  the  "  Medical  News  "  published  a  humorous 
editorial  calling  the  attention  of  the  public  to  the  fact 
that  these  young  officers  were  housed  in  what  was  fa- 
miliarly known  as  the  "  Bull-pit." 

Whereas  to-day  it  is  not  uncommon  when  both  oper- 
ating rooms  are  in  active  service  for  seven  or  eight  cap- 
ital operations  to  be  done  in  a  single  day,  it  is  interesting 
to  find  in  the  report  of  this  year  (1877)  the  statement 
that ' '  two  capital  operations  have  been  performed  during 
the  year  with  fair  results. ' '  It  was  at  this  time  expected 
that  they  should  have  an  unhappy  termination,  as  is 
evinced  by  the  statement  that  "  very  little  erysipelas 
developed  in  the  wards,  and  there  have  been  no  cases  of 
hospital  gangrene.,, 

By  this  time  the  efficiency  of  the  new  training  school  for 
nurses  was  already  thoroughly  appreciated,  and  a  volumi- 
nous record  of  the  improvement  due  to  the  introduction 
of  this  new  system  is  presented  in  the  annual  report. 

The  experiment  had  been  tried  here  as  at  Bellevue  of 
keeping  a  lying-in  service  in  the  wards  of  the  general 

94 


hospital,  and  the  results  were  a  sad  and  terrible  lesson. 
The  parturient  women  were  decimated  by  the  process  of 
spreading  them  about  the  wards  in  Bellevue,  and  the 
same  thing  occurred  at  Charity. 

The  consulting  physicians  of  the  hospital  were  Fordyce 
Barker  and  Isaac  E.  Taylor,  while  the  visiting  were 
Walter  R.  Gillette,  M.  A.  Pallen,  William  T.  Lusk  and 
Theodore  G.  Thomas.  Dr.  Estabrook  was  appointed 
chief-of-staff. 

An  interesting  side  light  on  the  management  of  the 
training  school  for  nurses  is  found  in  the  report  of  the 
Commissioners  for  1878.  It  appears  that  a  committee 
consisting  of  Mrs.  Lowell  and  E.  C.  Donnelly  of  the 
State  Board  of  Charities  visited  the  school  without  doing 
the  commissioners  the  courtesy  of  announcing  their  desire 
so  to  do,  and  as  a  result  of  this  visit,  they  sent  a  letter 
to  the  Commissioners  requesting  that  the  school  be 
given  over  to  the  management  of  the  State  Board  of 
Charities.  Its  executive  head  up  to  this  time  had  been 
the  able  chief-of-staff  of  the  hospital,  Dr.  Estabrook,  and 
the  committee  of  investigation,  so  called,  were  unable  to 
find  anything  to  criticise  in  its  management.  Upon  what 
ground  they  desired  to  have  it  taken  out  of  the  hands  of 
the  chief-of-staff,  it  is  hard  to  understand.  The  reply  of 
the  Commissioners  to  this  communication  is  a  classic. 

During  this  year  there  were  255  confinements  with  a 
loss  of  seven  mothers,  two  of  whom,  however,  were  suffer- 
ing from  constitutional  diseases,  while  two  others  died 
as  a  result  of  operative  intervention,  so  that  but  three 
actually  died  from  childbirth. 

In  1880,  the  telephone  was  introduced,  all  the  islands 
being  connected  with  the  central  office. 

During  1881,  the  Charities  Commissioners  cooperated 
with  the  Health  Department  to  obtain  the  necessary  legis- 
lation to  erect  a  hospital  building  on  North  Brother's 
Island  for  contagious  diseases.  During  all  this  time,  it 
must  be  remembered,  the  nurses  of  the  school  were  living 
in  the  hospital  in  a  very  much  overcrowded  condition. 

95 


Twenty-five  per  cent,  of  the  deaths  occurring  at  the 
hospital  during  this  year  were  due  to  phthisis.  During 
this  time  a  very  great  deal  of  activity  was  manifested 
by  the  ophthalmological  department,  an  immense  amount 
of  work  having  been  done  on  the  eye. 

The  number  of  births  was  423.  Puerperal  fever  killed 
six  women.  In  1876  it  killed  thirty-four  women. 

Dr.  Garrigues  succeeded  Dr.  Lusk  in  this  year.  Dr. 
Richard  Kalish,  Matthew  D.  Field,  J.  D.  Bryant  and  W. 
S.  Halsted  were  appointed  members  of  the  Medical  Board. 

The  Charity  Hospital  training  school,  which  it  will 
be  remembered  was  established  in  1875,  two  years  after 
that  of  Bellevue,  continues  to  offer  a  course  which  is  prob- 
ably unequaled  by  any  in  the  country. 

Dr.  L.  L.  Seaman  became  Chief-of-Staff,  and  it  was  at 
his  suggestion  that  the  smallpox  hospital  was  ultimately 
made  a  home  for  the  nurses'  training  school.  The  report 
of  this  year  by  Dr.  Seaman  is  of  a  most  interesting  and 
exhaustive  nature. 

The  Health  Department  for  some  reason  were  very 
loath  to  leave  the  '  '  Eiverside  Hospital, ' '  by  which  name 
the  smallpox  hospital  at  the  southern  extremity  of  the 
Island  was  known,  and  in  May,  1885,  they  were  requested 
by  the  Commissioners  of  Charities  and  Correction  to 
vacate  the  building,  which  they  did  the  following  Novem- 
ber. This  finally  ridded  the  Island  of  contact  with  con- 
tagious diseases. 

In  1886,  after  a  thorough  fumigation  and  extensive 
repairs,  it  was  converted  into  the  present  nurses'  home. 
During  this  year  also  the  office  of  Chief-of-Staff  was  abol- 
ished, the  government  of  Charity  Hospital  being  made  to 
conform  to  that  of  Bellevue,  the  administration  being 
under  the  Medical  Board  and  a  warden.  The  nurses' 
training  school  took  possession  of  its  new  quarters  on 
the  29th  of  September,  1886.  Robert  Roberts,  who  was 
the  first  warden  of  the  institution,  suggested  that  "  a 
tent  similar  to  that  now  in  use  at  Bellevue  Hospital  be 
pitched  on  the  grounds  for  severe  surgical  operations." 

96 


At  the  suggestion  of  Dr.  Jaines  F.  Ferguson,  a  training 
school  for  male  nurses  was  established  at  Charity  Hos- 
pital, and  the  school  was  opened  in  1887. 

The  experiment,  however,  of  utilizing  male  nurses  did 
not  prove  at  all  satisfactory,  for  although  some  very  able 
men  took  the  training  at  this  institution,  it  was  early 
demonstrated  that  no  man,  whatever  his  characteristics, 
could  equal  a  woman  in  the  wards.  After  about  ten  years 
of  trial,  the  male  training  school  has  been  abolished.  Its 
abolition  would  have  come  many  years  before  had  it  not 
been  for  the  very  unusual  disciplinary  and  executive  and 
nursing  ability  of  its  universally  esteemed  superintendent, 
Miss  Amanda  Silver. 

In  1888,  the  Maternity  building  which  stands  to-day  as 
a  model,  which  though  old  has  yet  to  be  improved  upon, 
was  put  in  course  of  construction. 

Too  much  credit  cannot  be  given  to  Dr.  Henry  J.  Gar- 
rigues  for  the  skill  which  he  displayed  in  creating  the 
revolutionary  plans  embodied  in  this  hospital,  and  the 
community,  as  well  as  the  Department  of  Charities,  will 
always  be  in  his  debt  for  this  labor  of  love.  The  institu- 
tion cost  $19,226.95.  Garrigues'  plan  of  using  three  wards 
alternately,  fumigating  one  while  the  other  two  were  occu- 
pied, is  continued  to  this  day. 

The  City  Hospital  has  ceased  very  largely  to  play  the 
distinctive  genito-urinary  roll  that  it  did  in  previous 
years,  and,  as  before  intimated,  it  seems  very  probable, 
if  we  take  our  cue  from  the  history  of  Bellevue,  which 
arose  and  developed  along  precisely  similar  lines,  that 
instead  of  the  genito-urinary  service  overshadowing  the 
other  departments,  as  it  possibly  has  in  the  past,  due  to 
the  immense  number  of  these  cases  admitted,  it  will  in 
future  assume  the  relative  place  accorded  to  it  in  other 
general  hospitals. 

Several  permanent  male  nurses  have  been  retained  for 
duty  in  the  male  genito-urinary  wards,  but  with  this  ex- 
ception the  entire  hospital  is  under  the  care  of  the  female 
nurses. 

97 


The  older  Alumni,  who  have  not  had  the  pleasure  of 
visiting  the  Hospital  for  a  number  of  years,  cannot  pic- 
ture what  marvelous  strides  have  been  made  in  the  mod- 
ernization of  the  institution.  This  development  has  not 
taken  place  without  errors  being  made  and  reverses  and 
disappointments  being  experienced,  but  in  the  last  ten 
years  the  progress  has  been  such  that  it  is  no  exaggera- 
tion to  say  that  old  friends  would  hardly  recognize  it  in 
its  new  and  more  dignified  life. 

It  must  be  remembered  that  three  forces  have  been 
actively  at  work  in  effecting  this  improved  condition  of 
affairs.  First  the  Commissioner  of  Charities,  and  no  ref- 
erence can  be  made  to  the  gentleman  holding  this  office 
without  synchronously  including  his  able  executive,  the 
Secretary  of  the  Department,  Mr.  McKee  Borden. 

There  can  be  not  the  slightest  doubt  that  all  the  recent 
Commissioners  have  had  the  very  best  interest  of  the 
institution  at  heart,  and  in  its  new  life  and  vigor  it  stands 
a  monument  to  their  successful  endeavors.  Of  late  years 
particularly  the  Commissioner  has  wisely  given  to  the 
Medical  Board  a  very  free  hand  in  the  administration  of 
the  purely  medical  affairs  of  the  hospital.  This  attitude 
has  in  great  part  been  responsible  for  the  general  im- 
provement. 

The  Medical  Board  is  to  be  congratulated  on  its  ad- 
ministration of  the  medical  matters  of  the  hospital. 
While  through  the  activity  of  the  Department  new  build- 
ings of  all  kinds  have  been  erected  and  lighting  methods 
installed,  modern  heating,  metal  ceilings,  polished  hard- 
wood floors,  open  plumbing  throughout,  gravity  centri- 
petal fire  escapes  and  a  multitude  of  other  practical  im- 
provements made,  the  scientific  development  of  the  hos- 
pital's interests  have  not  been  neglected. 

A  vigorous  and  just  Committee  of  Inspection  of  the 
Medical  Board  has  so  successfully  labored  against  that 
evil  apathy  which  any  fair-minded  graduate  must  admit 
infected  every  nook  and  corner  of  the  hospital,  that  the 
esprit  de  corps  of  the  entire  service  is  absolutely  different 

98 


GERRY  SOLARIUM  FOR  FEMALE  PATIENTS. 


from  what  it  was  ten  or  even  eight  years  ago.  The  keep- 
ing of  histories,  for  example,  before  these  reforms  were 
introduced  was  typically  a  farcical  absurdity.  Members 
of  the  visiting  staff  who  wished  to  utilize  the  immense 
amount  of  material  in  their  wards  for  scientific  purposes 
were  too  frequently  obliged  to  take  the  histories  them- 
selves. To-day  this  is  changed.  Adequate  histories  are 
now  taken  throughout  the  hospital,  and  are  finally  placed 
on  file  in  the  History  Room,  where  they  are  at  all  times 
immediately  accessible. 

The  activity  of  the  Medical  Board  has  not,  however,  by 
any  means  been  centered  solely  upon  these  interests,  great 
and  successful  efforts  having  been  made  to  secure  all  the 
most  modern  means  and  methods  of  treatment. 

The  Alumnus,  who  remembers  conditions  as  they  were 
in  the  old  days,  when,  as  tradition  goes,  he  boiled  his 
instruments  in  a  tomato  can  and  operated  in  a  dirty  ward, 
will  be  astounded  and  delighted  to  learn  that  there  are 
now  two  thoroughly  equipped  operating  rooms,  a  steriliz- 
ing room,  a  complete  hydrotherapeutic  plant  and  a  per- 
fectly appointed  X-ray  apparatus  at  the  disposal  of  such 
patients  as  may  need  them. 

These  improvements  are  the  result  of  persistent  efforts 
on  the  part  of  the  Medical  Board  and  the  House  Staff. 
Without  an  able  nursing  corps,  however,  that  board  would 
confessedly  have  been  unable  to  so  successfully  carry  on 
its  good  work. 

To  Miss  Mary  S.  Gilmore  and  her  no  less  able  associate, 
Miss  Theodora  LeFevre,  whose  pride  it  has  been  to  de- 
velop the  hospital  as  well  as  the  training  school,  too  much 
credit  cannot  be  given  for  much  invaluable  aid. 

If  the  Medical  Board  has  striven  successfully  to  intro- 
duce at  the  Island  instruments  and  apparatus  for  the 
suitable  development  of  operating  rooms,  the  nurses  have 
contributed  an  equal  share  in  the  success  of  these  rooms 
in  the  conscientious  and  skillful  manner  in  which  the 
apparatus  once  installed  has  been  cared  for  and  utilized. 
It  is  no  exaggeration  to  say  that  the  northern  or  general 

99 


surgical  operating  room,  and  the  southern  or  gynaecologi- 
cal operating  room  and  their  recovery  wards— each  super- 
vised by  its  specially  trained  permanent  operating  nurse 
and  her  corps  of  assistants— affords  a  plant  of  unsur- 
passed efficiency.  There  are  many  operating  rooms  where 
more  polished  tiles  and  expensive  marbles  are  to  be  seen, 
but  there  are  none  possessing  greater  practical  utility, 
more  absolute  and  constant  asepsis  nor  greater  capacity 
for  doing  work  than  those  of  the  City  Hospital. 

Many  of  the  Alumni  will  from  time  to  time  be  called 
upon  to  advise  young  men  as  to  the  desirability  of  taking 
the  course  at  this  institution.  The  proof  of  the  pudding 
is  in  the  eating,  and  the  basis  for  the  statement  that  this 
hospital  affords  the  best  general  training  for  a  physician 
is  the  fact  that  the  number  of  applicants  for  the  twelve 
appointments  which  are  made  each  year  has  jumped  at 
such  bounds  as  to  have  more  than  doubled  in  the  past 
six  years.  At  the  most  recent  examination  held  this 
spring  over  ninety  men  from  every  section  of  the  country 
entered  into  competition  for  the  twelve  places.  Over 
eighty  of  these  men  qualified  at  the  written  examination, 
and  the  Examining  Board  found  it  a  matter  of  extreme 
difficulty  at  the  subsequent  oral  and  practical  examina- 
tions to  choose  from  this  great  number  the  twelve  who 
could  properly  be  considered  as  best  qualified  to  fill  the 
positions.  The  examinations  are  held  yearly,  in  April 
or  May. 

The  term  of  service  is  now  eighteen  months,  and  there 
are  eighteen  men  on  the  staff.  They  serve  consecutively 
six  months  as  Junior  Assistant,  six  months  as  Senior  As- 
sistant and  six  months  as  House.  During  this  time  they 
rotate  every  two  months  on  the  different  divisions.  These 
consist  of  a  Surgical,  a  First  and  Second  Medical,  a  Gynae- 
cological and  Obstetrical,  a  Genito-urinary  and  an  6  t  Eye, 
Skin  and  Nervous  "  division.  In  addition  to  these,  a 
Pathological  Interne  is  appointed  yearly,  who  acts  as 
first  assistant  to  the  Eesident  Pathologist.  By  action  of 
the  Medical  Board  evidence  of  advanced  preliminary  edu- 


100 


STRECKER  MEMORIAL  LABORATORY. 


HttCHM 


cation  counts  a  certain  number  of  points  in  favor  of  appli- 
cants for  position  on  the  staff,  and  the  great  majority  of 
the  internes,  as  a  consequence,  are  now  college-bred  men. 
The  chief  advantage  accruing  to  the  hospitals  from  this 
is  not  that  they  are  better  men,  but  that  they  are  older, 
maturer,  with  the  habits  of  thought  and  work  more  defin- 
itely established  than  those  of  their  equally  able  but  less 
mature  high  school  graduate  competitors. 

It  may  readily  be  seen  that  the  future  usefulness  of  this, 
great  hospital  depends  largely  upon  the  character  of  the 
young  men  whom  it  is  able  to  attract  to  its  service.  Men 
who  are  so  mature  as  to  have— as  since  1900  the  staff  has 
had— a  well  organized  "  Hospital  Clinical  Society  "  gov- 
erned entirely  by  themselves,  are  destined  to  play  im- 
portant roles  in  the  development  of  the  hospital,  both 
during  their  period  of  service  and  after  it. 

One  of  the  chief  reasons  why  this  hospital  is  so  popular 
is  that  it  has  connected  with  it  the  widely-known  City 
Maternity  Hospital.  A  great  many  men  are  drawn  to 
the  general  hospital  service  because  of  its  union  with  this 
important  maternity  institution.  As  has  already  been 
said,  there  is  no  more  perfect  building  for  the  carrying 
on  of  maternity  work  than  that  which  was  devised  by 
Garrigues.  Eecent  years  have  been  marked  by  the  build- 
ing of  magnificent  private  institutions,  whose  mass  of 
polished  metal  and  marble  conveys  the  idea,  offhand,  and 
particuarly  to  the  laity,  that  they  are  more  suitable  for 
maternity  work  than,  for  example,  the  simple  hospital  of 
Garrigues.  In  consequence,  the  number  of  confinements 
at  the  City  Maternity  Hospital  has  materially  decreased. 
Paupers  are  as  much  attracted  by  gleam  and  glamour  as 
other  people,  and  it  is  natural  that  they  prefer  a  private 
institution  to  a  public  one.  No  objection  could  be  made 
to  such  an  arrangement  if  the  benevolent  men  and  women 
who  found  these  institutions  would  give  sufficient  money 
for  their  maintenance.  This,  however,  is  not  the  case, 
and  the  gratification  of  an  idle  whim  of  the  pauper  not 
to  bear  her  baby  on  the  "  Island  "  costs  the  city  many 

101 


thousands  of  dollars  annually.  Not  a  man  among  the 
Alumni  would  believe  that  it  could  cost  anything  like 
$18.00  per  capita  to  confine  cases  on  the  Island,  where 
they  are  given  every  known  comfort  and  care,  yet  this 
is  what  is  paid  to  private  institutions  by  the  city  for  the 
treatment  of  such  cases. 

Both  the  saving  of  public  funds  and  the  protection  of 
the  hospital  service  so  that  the  highest  class  of  medical 
graduates  will  continue  to  be  attracted  to  it  demand  not 
only  that  the  City  Maternity  Hospital  should  not  be  abol- 
ished, but  that  every  effort  should  be  made  to  maintain 
the  integrity  and  activity  of  its  service.  The  Alumni  of 
the  hospital  take  this  occasion  for  expressing  to  the  Com- 
missioner of  Charities  their  firm  conviction  that  the  best 
interests  of  the  hospital  demand  his  most  active  protec- 
tion of  the  maternity  service.  They  further  express  their 
gratitude  for  the  steps  which,  they  have  been  given  to 
understand,  he  has  already  taken  to  insure  it. 

The  photographs  of  the  Blackwell's  Island  bridge  show 
more  graphically  than  words  can  tell  what  a  vast  field 
of  usefulness  will  shortly  be  opened  up  to  this  historic 
institution.  Whereas,  in  the  past  it  has  given  help  to 
thousands  of  subacute  and  chronic  sufferers,  this  number 
will  be  vastly  augmented  by  the  addition  of  a  flood  of 
acute  cases.  An  electric  ambulance  will  be  in  readiness 
to  be  called  at  a  moment's  notice  into  that  teeming  sec- 
tion of  the  city  bounded  on  the  west  by  Lexington  Avenue, 
on  the  north  by  80th  Street  and  on  the  south  by  42d  Street. 
For  this  territory,  where  a  hundred  thousand  people  live, 
there  exists  at  present  no  adequate  hospital  accommoda- 
tion. 

Nor  should  the  east  side  of  the  bridge  be  forgotten. 
Infantile  as  yet  in  its  relation  to  the  western  terminus  in 
point  of  population,  it  will  within  an  incredibly  short  time 
soon  equal  it.  The  cut  of  the  elevation  of  the  western 
pier  shows  the  manner  by  which  the  patients  will  be  car- 
ried up  and  down  from  the  bridge  to  the  Island.  What 
more  ideal  place  could  be  imagined  for  the  relief  of  human 

102 


suffering— particularly  acute  human  suffering— than  the 
Island?  Surrounded  by  water  on  all  sides,  the  tem- 
perature in  the  hospital  building  is  at  least  ten  degrees 
lower  during  the  heat  of  summer  than  is  usual  on  the 
Manhattan  side. 

%  In  expectation  of  this  coming  evolution  and  develop- 
ment the  far-seeing  officials  of  the  Charities  Department 
have  in  a  quiet  but  efficient  way  been  preparing  for  it. 
Among  other  important  buildings  there  will  soon  be 
added  a  suitable  Eeception  Hospital  to  take  the  place  of 
the  ancient  wooden  structure  now  in  use.  This  building 
is  rapidly  approaching  completion. 

Such  buildings  as  the  Gerry  Memorial  Solarium,  erected 
in  1893,  will  do  much  to  temper  the  antagonistic  spirit  of 
the  ignorant  populace  against  being  sent  "  up  to  the 
Island.' '  The  abrogation  of  this  feeling,  which  is  the 
natural  outcome  of  the  sufferings  inflicted  on  the  poor 
by  an  unwise  management  of  the  hospital  in  former 
times,  would  be  made  complete  if  it  were  possible  to 
banish  every  prisoner*  from  the  Island  and  to  add  the 
penitentiary  building  to  the  overcrowded  Department  of 
Charities.  The  first  important  step  in  this  move  has  been 
taken  in  separating  the  Department  of  Charities  from 
that  of  Correction.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  this  most 
beautiful  Island  will  at  no  distant  date  be  given  over 
entirely  to  the  two  purposes  for  which  it  is  so  admirably 
fitted— the  treatment  of  the  sick  and  the  prevention  of 
sickness  by  utilizing  a  portion  of  it  as  a  public  park. 
Criminals  have  no  right  to  be  upon  it. 

The  Gerry  Solarium  is  a  one-story  structure  surrounded 
by  broad,  commodious  piazzas  which  in  winter  are  pro- 
tected with  glass. 

Through  generous  skylights  the  sun  pours  down  upon 
numbers  of  female  convalescents,  for  these  are  the 
patients  for  whose  special  benefit  the  Solarium  was 
erected.  Its  bright  cheerfulness  is  in  striking  contrast 
to  the  necessarily  strict  simplicity  of  the  wards.  The 
songs  of  numerous  canary  birds  fill  the  air,  and  the  pol- 

103 


ished  floors  are  bright  with  a  diversity  of  rugs.  It  would 
do  an  old  Alumnus  good  to  see  the  place. 

The  men  have  not  been  entirely  neglected.  Although 
no  private  funds  have  been  forthcoming  for  the  erection 
of  their  solarium,  the  Department  has  found  it  possible 
to  build  for  them  a  less  elegant  but,  nevertheless,  efficient 
structure  in  which,  on  stretchers  and  in  reclining  chairs 
and  couches,  the  sick  males  are  nursed  back  to  life. 

Another  most  important  addition  has  been  recently 
made  to  the  hospital.  It  is  the  Strecker  Memorial  Labor- 
atory. This  building,  erected  in  1892  by  Miss  Strecker 
in  memory  of  her  father,  is  an  illustration  of  what  lasting 
good  an  intelligent  woman  can  do  when  she  wishes  to  per- 
petuate the  memory  of  a  dear  one.  The  Laboratory  is 
located  on  the  east  side  of  the  Island  immediately  south 
of  the  hospital. 

A  competent  pathologist  has  been  installed,  and  by 
action  of  the  Medical  Board  a  pathological  interne  with 
a  service  of  one  year  has  been  added  to  the  staff.  The 
Laboratory  is  particularly  well  planned  for  the  carrying 
on  of  scientific  work.  The  lower  floor  is  divided  into 
three  commodious  rooms,  two  on  either  side  being  de- 
voted to  the  use  of  the  general  staff  for  the  routine  exam- 
ination of  urine,  sputum,  stomach  contents  and  other 
work.  The  rear  chamber  comprises  an  autopsy  room  and 
dead-house,  than  which  there  is  none  better  in  the  city 
of  New  York.  In  view  of  the  necessarily  large  amount 
of  pathological  material  at  such  an  institution,  the  im- 
portance of  this  laboratory  for  the  study  of  post-mortem 
conditions  cannot  be  overestimated.  Upstairs  is  located 
the  entire  outfit  for  the  imbedding  and  staining  and  cut- 
ting of  all  forms  of  sections  and  a  complete  set  of  incuba- 
tors and  other  apparatus  for  bacteriological  work  is  at 
the  disposal  of  the  pathologist. 

A  review  of  the  history  of  this  institution  shows  that  it 
has  passed  through  two  antithetic  periods.  ,  Each  is  the 
complement  of  the  other. 

104 


STAFF  ROSTER. 


In  the  light  of  old  days  and  old  scenes  the  Hospital  and 
its  adminstration  shows  to-day  to  better  advantage  than 
if  their  history  had  not  been  dwelt  npon.  There  can  be 
no  doubt  that  the  new  hope  and  the  new  cheer  so  evident 
everywhere  are  warming  the  very  stone  walls  of  the  old 
grey  Hospital  itself  and  that  our  Alma  Mater  is  now 
entering  upon  a  field  of  scientific  and  philanthropic  use- 
fulness, the  breadth  of  which  can  scarcely  be  estimated. 

105 


CITY  HOSPITAL, 


BLACK  WELL'S  ISLAND,  N.  Y. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PUBLIC  CHARITIES. 

Commissioner. 

James  H.  Tully. 

Acting  Superintendent. 

James  D.  Lamb. 

Clerk. 

Albert  Conkling. 

Chief  Engineer. 

James  McVey. 

Chaplains. 

Reverend  J.  M.  Girand. 
Reverend  W.  H.  Weeks. 

Apothecary. 

Edward  Burke. 

Matron. 

Ada  R.  Berry. 

Stenographer. 

Anna  Reddington. 

106 


MEDICAL  BOARD. 


1904. 

President,  Richard  Kalish,  M.D 
Vice-President,  C.  N.  B.  Camac,  M.D. 
Secretary,  Joseph  B.  Cooke,  M.D. 

COMMITTEES. 


Inspection. 

Charles  E.  Quimby,  M.D. 
Eugene  Fuller,  M.D. 
Henry  S.  Stearns,  M.D. 
Alfred  M.  Strouse,  M.D. 


Examination. 

C.  N.  B.  Camac,  M.D. 
Edward  M.  Foote,  M.D. 
J.  Eiddle  Goffe,  M.D. 
Theodore  C.  Janeway,  M.D. 


STAFF. 

Consulting  Physicians. 

Constantine  J.  McGuire,  M.D.  John  J.  Reid,  M.D. 

Beverly  Robinson,  M.D. 

Consulting  Surgeon. 

William  K.  Otis,  M.D. 

Consulting  Dermatologist. 

Henry  G.  Piffard,  M.D. 


Consulting  Ophthalmologist. 

Joseph  A.  Andrews,  M.D. 
107 


Visiting  Physicians. 

C.  N.  B.  Camac,  M.D.  Theodore  C.  Janeway,  M.D 

Joseph  Collins,  M.D.  Nathaniel  B.  Potter,  M.D. 

Evan  Evans,  M.D.  Charles  E.  Quimby,  M.D. 

Christian  A.  Herter,  M.D.  Charles  C.  Ransom,  M.D. 

Visiting  Surgeons. 

George  E.  Brewer,  M.D.     Edward  M.  Foote,  M.D. 
Robert  H.  M.  Dawbarn,  M.D.  Frederick  H.  Wiggin,  M.D. 

Assistant  Visiting  Surgeon 

Howard  D.  Collins,  M.D. 

Visiting  Gynaecologists. 

Albert  H.  Ely,  M.D.  Ramon  Guiteras,  M.D. 

J.  Riddle  Goffe,  M.D.         Henry  S.  Stearns,  M.D. 

Assistant  Visiting  Gynaecologist. 

Charles  G.  Child,  Jr.,  M.D. 

Visiting  Genito-Urinary  Surgeons. 

Eugene  Fuller,  M.D.  Robert  H.  Greene,  M.D. 

Charles  L.  Gibson,  M.D  Prince  A.  Morrow,  M.D. 

Assistant  Visiting  Genito-Urinary  Surgeon 

Martin  J.  Echeverria,  M.D. 

Visiting  Ophthalmologists. 

W.  Whitehead  Gilfillan,  M.D.  Edward.  S.  Peck,  M.D. 
Richard  Kalish,  M.D.  Alfred  N.  Strouse,  M.D. 

Visiting  Dermatologists. 

Edward  B.  Bronson,  M.D.  John  A.  Fordyce,  M.D. 
Follen  Cabot,  M.D.  William  S.  Gottheil,  M.D. 

108 


Assistant  Visiting  Dermatologist. 

Jerome  Kingsbury,  M.D. 


Visiting  Neurologists. 

Graeme  M.  Hammond,  M.D.  Smith  E.  Jelliffe,  M.D. 
James  E.  Hunt,  M.D.         William  B.  Pritchard,  M.D. 

MATERNITY  HOSPITAL. 

Consulting  Surgeons. 

J.  Clifton  Edgar,  M.D.  Henry  J.  Garrigues,  M.D. 

Visiting  Surgeons. 

Joseph  B.  Cooke,  M.D.        Simon  Marx,  M.D. 
Franklin  A.  Dorman,  M.D.  Leonard  S.  Eau,  M.D. 

Assistant  Visiting  Surgeons. 

Gustav  G.  Fischlowitz,  M.D.      William  E.  Stone,  M.D. 


Visiting  Laryngologist. 

Francis  J.  Quinlan,  M.D. 

Assistant  Visiting  Laryngologist. 

Daniel  S.  Dougherty,  M.D. 

Resident  Pathologist. 

Horst  Oertel,  M.D. 

Anaesthetist. 

James  T.  Gwathmey,  M.D. 


Visiting  Dental  Surgeons. 

William  C.  Deane.  William  Carr. 

109 


House  Physicians  and  Surgeons. 

C.  L.  Boyd,  M.D.  W.  C.  Garvin,  M.D. 

C.  W.  Chapin,  M.D.  L.  W.  Pollock,  M.D. 

R.  Ferguson,  M.D.  D.  Symers,  M.D. 

Senior  Assistants. 

L.  H.  Finch,  M.D.  S.  L.  Higgins,  M.D. 

C.  Z.  Garside,  M.D.  R.  E.  Pick,  M.D. 

A.  H.  Garvin,  M.D.  J.  L.  Pomery,  M.D. 

Junior  Assistants. 

E.  P.  Bradley,  M.D.  A.  Lynch,  M.D. 

J.  B.  Dinnan,  M.D.  H.  C.  Becker,  M.D. 

T.  E.  Lilly,  M.D.  I.  B.  Talmage,  M.D. 

Pathological  Interne. 

B.  C.  Crowell,  M.D.C.M. 
no 


VISITING  PHYSICIANS  AND  SURGEONS. 


Alphabetically  Arranged. 

f  In  1895,  by  action  of  the  Commissioner  of  Charities,  the 
Medical  Board  of  City  Hospital  was  abolished. 

Resigned 
or  Died. 

.    W.  T.  Alexander   1885 

.    C.  W.  Allen   t 

.    T.  H.  Allen   1896 

Appointed  Consulting,  1896 

.    J.  A.  Andrews   1898 

Appointed  Consulting,  1901 

.    G.  C.  Arnold   t 

.    L.  B.  Bangs   1895 

Appointed  Consulting,  1895 

.    G.  E.  Brewer   

.    G.  L.  Broadhead   1899 

.    E.  B.  Bronson   

.    J.  D.  Bryant   1882 

.    C.  A.  Budd   

.    C.  H.  Bull   (?) 

.    C.  S.  Bull   1879 

.    F.  J.  Bumstead   1871 

Appointed  Consulting,  1879 

.    P.  S.  Burchard   (?) 

.    F.  A.  Burrall   1868 

.    F.  Cabot  .   

.    P.  A.  Callan   1881 

.    C.  N.  B.  Camac   

.    C.  G.  Campbell   1899 

111 


Appointed.  Resigned 

rr  or  Died. 

1867  .    .    .    W.  H.  Carmalt  1871 

1871  .    .    .    Wm.  M.  Chamberlain  1885 

Appointed  Consulting,  1885   .    .    d.  1887 

1874  .    .    .    C.  Cleveland  1881 

1885  .    .    .   H.  C.  Coe   f 

1895  .    .    .   W.  Coleman  1899 

1895  .    .    .  J.Collins   

1895  .    .    .   J.  E.  Conway  d.  1899 

1901  .    .    .   J.  B.  Cooke   

1877  .    .    .   D.  M.  Corey  1879 

1891  .    .    .   J.B.Cosby   f 

1898  .    .    .   E.  H.  M.  Dawbarn   

1883  .    .    .   G.  A.  Dixon   1889 

1866  .    .    .    J.  B.  Done  1868 

1903  .    .    .   F.  A.  Dorman   

1875  .    .    .   F.  E.  S.  Drake  1882 

1895  .    .    .    W.  K.  Draper  1901 

1866  .    .    .   W.B.Eagen  1874 

1869  .    .    .    G.  Echeverria  1871 

1866  .    .    .    M.  G.  Echeverria  1866 

(?)  .    .    .   J.  C.  Edgar  1903 

Appointed  Consulting,  1904. 

1883  .    .    .    C.  Edson  1885 

1866  .    .    .   G.T.Elliot  1866 

1876  .    .    .    L.  Ellsburg  d.  1885 

1895  ...   A.  H.  Ely   

1878  ...   E.  S.  Ely  1883 

1870  .    .    .   H.  C.  Eno  1874 

1895  .    .    .    J.F.Erdman   t 

1902  .    .    .  E.Evans   

1872  .    .    .    J.  F.  Ferguson  1892 

1881  ......  M.  D.  Field  1884 

1895  .    .    .    E.D.Fisher  1904 

(?)  ...   A.  Fitch  1899 

1866  ...    A.  Flint  1870 

Appointed  Consulting,  1870    .    .    d.  1886 


112 


Appointed. 

Resigned 
or  Died. 

1896    .  . 

.    A.  Flint,  Jr  

,    ,  1899 

1  QQQ 

loot? 

i  on  a 

Appointed  Consulting,  1889. 

1  QQQ 

low     •  . 

1 Q09 

J    -l  QOO 

loyo 

(?)  .  . 

P!  T,  ^ih«rm 

1  QQQ 

ioyy 

1  Q££ 

tjvt  t?  r^n^+i- 

Appointed  Consulting,  1881. 

1  QQ1 

1  QQ£ 

1  Q77 
lo/  ( 

A   1  QQ1 

1  QQ1 

iyui 

ITT   Q  r</vH-V»/^l 

loOu  • 

TP  n^onrli-n 

a. 

i  qq^ 

T  >   TT  riv/.nT1 

1  QQQ 

looy 

1  QQ1 

loyz 

1  QQ1 

lool 

1  QQQ 

1  Q££ 
lODD 

TP   TT   TTo-rv^il  +  i-k-n 

1  Q71 

1  QQQ 

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1  QQQ 

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T      T>  TToTT/^AM 

1  QQQ 

±OCf'±       .  . 

1  Q££ 
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1  Q71 

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T    TST  IJattta 

1  QQQ 

xxppomteQ  L^onbuiiing,  1000  • 

.        (1.  10i7W 

T    ~R  TTnni 

1  Q£Q 
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1  Q£Q 

1868    .  . 

1871 

1Q09 

(?)        .  . 

1889    .  . 

Appointed  Consulting,  1893. 

1892 

1901    .  . 

.    S.  E.  Jelliffe  

113 


Appointed.  Resigned 
r  or  Died. 

1881  .    .    .   E.  Kalish   

1888    .    .    .    J.  E.  Kelly   1899 

1870    .    .    .   E.  L.Keyes   1876 

Appointed  Consulting,  1877. 

1873    .    .    .   H.  Knapp   1874 

1868    ...    C.  C.  Lee   1880 

Appointed  Consulting,  1880. 

1894  .    .    .   E.  LeFevre   (?) 

1885    .    .    .    J.  B.  Linehan  d.  1890 

1866    .    .    .   A.  L.  Loomis   1874 

1895  .    .    .    G.  E.  Lockwood   1899 

1870    .    .    .   W.  T.Lusk   1871 

1884    .    .    .    C.  McGuire   f 

Appointed  Consulting,  1896. 

(?)     .    .    .   D.  H.  MeAlpin   1902 

1866    .    .    .   B.  W.  McCready   1866 

Appointed  Consulting,  1866. 

1866    .    .    .   E.  Mason   1874 

1897    .    .    .    S.  Marx   

(?)     ...   E.A.Maxwell   1886 

Appointed  Consulting,  1886. 

1884    ...    P.  A.  Morrow   

1866    .    .    .   A.  B.  Mott   1870 

1880    .    .    .    P.  F.  Munde   1884 

1880    .    .    .    E.  A.  Murray   t 

(?)     .    .    .    W.  T.  Nealis   1867 

1902    .    .    .   V.  H.  Norrie   1902 

1882  .    .    .   H.  S.  Norris   1894 

1866    .    .    .   H.  D.  Noyes   1873 

1875    .    .    .   F.N.Otis   1888 

Appointed  Consulting,  1888. 

1893    ...   W.  K.  Otis   1895 

Appointed  Consulting,  1896. 

1875    .    .    .    M.  A.  Pallen   1878 

1883  .    .    .    E.  L.  Partridge   1885 

1880    .    .    .   E.  S.  Peck   


114 


Appointed. 

Resigned 
or  Died. 

1872    .  . 

.    J.  G.  Perry  

.    .  1881 

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tV      T'  a  ■f  £lt*cs  rvn 

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Appointed  Consulting,  1885. 

1  QQX. 

1  £279 

1  Q70 

1874    .  . 

.    C.  T.  Poore  

.    .  1881 

"NT  "R  Pnffpr 

1 QOJ. 

JLOc/O       .  . 

W   T?  Prvnr 

Appointed  Consulting,  1896. 

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loVD 

1899    .  . 

.    Francis  J.  Quinlan  .... 

.  .  

JlOZJO       <  • 

1;      T  T?QT18f>m 

T,    SI  T?nn 

1  £77 

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1876    .  . 

.  1892 

lOUU 

Ti    A  Sqwd 

1874. 

TT    Q  ^1 1 ;  -AP 

1  Q79 

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Appointed  Consulting,  1894. 

1  QQ1 

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1870 

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.    F.  Swift  

1872 

JLOUVJ       .  . 

T   Tf!   Tnvl  nr 

Appointed  Consulting,  1872. 

1872 

1875    .  . 

.    R.  W.  Taylor  

Appointed  Consulting,  1893. 

1893 

115 


Appointed. 

1866  . 
(?)  . 
(?)  . 


Resigned 
or  Died. 

.    W.  H.  Thomson  1874 

.   E.  A.  Tucker  1899 

.    W.  H.  Van  Buren  1866 

Appointed  Consulting,  1866. 
1885    .    .    .    S.  0.  Vanderpoel,  Jr  1889 

1875  .    .    .   W.  H.  Van  Wyck  d.  1891 

1899    .    .    .   J.B.Walker  1900 

1890    .    .    .   W.B.Wallace  d.  1895 

1889    .    .    .    S.J.  Walsh   f 

1889    .    .    .    F.  M.  Warner  d.  1895 

1866    .    .    .   E.  Watts  1876 

Appointed  Consulting,  1877. 

1871    .    .    .    J.  P.  P.  White  1875 

1883    .    .    .    J.  B.  White   f 

1876  .    .    .   W.  T.  White  d.  1893 

1885    .    .    .   E.  Gr.  Wiener  1890 

1892    .    .    .   F.  H.  Wiggin   

1866    .    .    .   J.E.Wood  1874 

Appointed  Consulting,  1874. 

1876    .    .    .   L.  deF.  Woodruff  L 1876 

1895    .    .    .    E.  H.  Wylie  1899 

1871    .    .    .   L.M.Yale  1877 


Assistant  Visiting  Physicians  and  Surgeons. 

1902  .    .    .  C.  G.  Child,  Jr    

1900  .    .    .  H.  D.Collins    

1903  •  .    .    .  D.  S.  Dougherty    

1902  .    .    .  M.  J.  Echeverria    

1902  .    .    .  E.  Evans   1902 

1901  .    .    .  G.  G.  Fishlowitz    

1902  .    .    .  T.  C.  Janeway   1902 

1902  ...  J.  Kingsbury    

1900  .    .    .  O.  K.  Newell    

1901  .    .    .  W.E.Stone     

1902  .    .    .  M.  Tierney   1903 

116 


Appointed.         Visiting  Dental  Surgeons.  or  i)1edd 

1901    .    .    .   F.  L.  Bogue   1903 

1901    .    .    .   W.  C.  Deane   

1903    .    .    .   "W.  D.  Carr   

Chiefs-of-Staff. 

1869  .    .    .   E.  G.  Janeway,  M.D   1870 

1870  .    .    .   H.  D.  Burlingham,  M.D   1871 

1871  .    .    .   A.  E.  Macdonald,  M.D   1874 

1874    .    .    .   Daniel  H.  Kitchen,  M.D   1877 

1877    .    .    .    C.  E.  Estabrook,  M.D.   .....  1881 

1880  .    .    .   James  J.  Delaney,  M.D   1880 

1881  .    .    .   Lonis  L.  Seaman,  M.D   1886 

Warden. 

1886    .    .   .   Eobert  Eoberts   1895 

Superintendents. 

1895  .    .    .   James  S.  Knowles                        .  1896 

1896  .    .    .    G.  Edwin  Leet   1898 

1898    .    .    .   Joseph  Schilling  d.  1904 

117 


New  York  City  Training  School  for  Nurses,  BlackwelTs 
Island.  Attached  to  City,  Maternity,  Gouverneur, 
Harlem  and  Fordham  Hospitals. 

Officers  of  the  School. 

Miss  Mary  S.  Gilmour  Superintendent 

Miss  J.  Amanda  Silver  .  .  .  Associate  Superintendent 
Miss  Theodora  H.  Lef ebvre  .  1st  Assistant  Superintendent 
Miss  Elizabeth  A.  Greener  2d  Assistant  Superintendent 
Miss  Emily  E.  Gilmour  ....  Night  Superintendent 
Miss  Jessie  A.  Stowers, 

Supervising  Nurse,  Gouverneur  Hospital 
Miss  Carrie  Gray,  Supervising  Nurse,  Fordham  Hospital 
Miss  Sarah  Gainsforth, 

Supervising  Nurse,  Harlem  Hospital 
Miss  Florence  R.  Corbett  .    .    .  Department  Dietitian 

Advisory  Board  of  the  School. 

Mrs.  Cadwalader  Jones  Chairman 

Miss  Eleanor  Agnew,  Secretary 

Mr.  Everett  P.  Wheeler, 

Ex-officio,  Mayor  George  B.  McClellan 
Dr.  Edward  G.  Janeway.       Mr.  Joseph  H.  Choate. 
Dr.  Francis  P.  Kinnicutt. 

Examining  Board  of  the  School. 

Dr.  Edward  S.  Peck,  Chairman. 
Dr.  J.  Eiddle  Goffe.  Dr.  Howard  Collins. 

Dr.  E.  Milton  Foote.  Dr.  Joseph  B.  Cooke. 

Dr.  Nathaniel  B.  Potter.      Dr.  William  R.  Stone. 
Dr.  Charles  G.  Child,  Jr. 
118 


NEW  YORK  CITY  TRAINING  SCHOOL  FOR  NURSES, 


EX-HOUSE  PHYSICIANS  AND  SURGEONS. 
1864  TO  1904. 


Died  in  the  Discharge  of  Duty. 

John  Calvin  Mead,  M.D.,  August  24,  1868. 
Charles  Culver,  M.D.,  September  7, 1868. 
Joseph  Meyers,  M.D.,  July  6, 1871. 
Edward  Southworth,  M.D.,  August  15, 1882. 
Charles  Nott  Willis,  M.D.,  April  2, 1883. 
John  Ehea,  M.D.,  July  2, 1883. 
Frank  Duane  Kimball,  M.D.,  April  12,  1900. 


120 


House  Staffs. 


October,  1864. 
*W.  deF.  Day.  W.  A.  Lockwood. 

H.  C.  Eno,  *  H.  G.  Piffard. 

*E.  D.  Everett.  J.  W.  Southack. 

*  E.  G.  Janeway. 


April,  1865. 
*W.  H.  Birckhead.  W.  H.  Harrison. 

J.  C.  deVarona.  #W.  Lee. 

F.  D.  Edgerton.  H.  L.  Smith. 

E.  Farrell. 

October,  1866. 
P.  Inches.  .  W.  0.  Taylor. 

E.  Macomb.  L.  M.  Yale. 

*R.  V.  Pell. 


W.  Bradford. 


April,  1867. 

R.  L.  Sykes. 
*F.  A.  Castle. 


October,  1867. 
A.  M.  Amabile.  W.  A.  Hawes. 

C.  A.  Carle.  D.  W.  Searle. 

*De"W.  Harrington. 


April,  1868. 
P.  A.  Callan.  W.  Schoonover. 

L.  B.  Edwards.  J.  D.  Sullivan. 

*J.  O'Dwyer. 

121 


October,  1868. 
*C.  Culver.  G.  E.  Sherman. 

W.  C.  Guinlock.  D.  M.  Stimson. 

R.  J.  McGay.  J.  P.  Sugg. 

L.  P.  H.  Gouley. 


April,  1869. 
D.  R.  Ambrose.  C.  Inches. 

#A.  Asadoorian.  *  J.  C.  Meade. 

P.  W.  Cremin.  F.  C.  Wilson. 

#L.  P.  H.  Gouley. 


October,  1869. 
J.  A.  Blake.  J.  L.  Robertson. 

W.  J.  G.  Dawson.  #W.  H.  Ross,  Jr. 

J.  H.  Dew.  T.  H.  Tripler. 

C.  H.  Leonard. 


April,  1870. 

G.  P.  Davis.  *E.  A.  Maxwell. 
U.  G.  Hitchcock.  *H.  R.  Williams. 

October,  1871. 
C.  Cleveland.  R.  deJ.  Flores. 

*F.  R.  S.  Drake.  Aug.  C.  Kinney. 

April,  1872. 
W.  T.  Bacon.  *E.  L.  Pardee. 

Alfred  C.  Kinney.  *G.  W.  Teakle. 

October,  1872. 
E.  Z.  Derr.  J.  H.  Neff. 

*C.  A.  Fortune.  W.  H.  Potter. 

H.  R.  Huntington.  C.  F.  Rodrigez. 


122 


A.  W.  Ford. 


April,  1873. 

*W.  S.  Whitwell. 
J.  A.  McKinney. 


October,  1873. 
N.  H.  Drake.  W.  E.  Ford. 

*G.  0.  Fiset.  W.  0.  Moore. 

April,  1874. 

F.  Anderson.  J.  H.  McBride. 
E.  H.  Green                      E.  Norfleet. 

C.  W.  Nutt. 

October,  1874. 
A.  S.  Dana.  A.  M.  Pierce. 

E.  L.  Partridge.  D.  H.  Smith. 

April,  1875. 
J.  Anway.  H.  Hughes. 

N.  F.  Curtis. 

October,  1875. 
*H.  T.  Carpenter.  *N.  C.  Jobs. 

W.  A.  Jayne.  W.  D.  Spencer. 

April,  1876. 
D.  B.  Delavan.  J.  H.  Swasey. 

T.  W.  Fullilove.  F.  Trask. 

J.  J.  Larew. 

October,  1876. 

G.  S.  Knickerbocker.  A.  Mayer. 
W.  W.  Knight.  G.  Rucavado. 

*J.  B.  Linehan. 

123 


April,  1877. 

#W.  H.  Booth.  #V.  Pinto. 

0.  Hoffman. 


October,  1877. 


Le  G.  N.  Denslow. 
C.  R.  Estabrook. 
H.  S.  Oppenheimer. 
*F.  Parsons. 


C.  Richard. 
C.  W.  Rush. 
A.  H.  Smith. 
*F.  Townsend,  Jr. 


April,  1878. 

0.  A.  Gorton.  C.  R.  Lee. 

J.  H.  Hillyer.  J.  Meyer. 

De  W.  Hitchcock.  A.  G.  Paine. 
S.  Kohn. 


April,  1879. 

W.  E.  Cladek.  R.  C.  Newton. 

P.  G.  Culpepper.  C.  C.  Rice. 

W.  B.  Hewett.  A.  Rupp. 

*H.  T.  Lyttle.  J.  Thomlinson. 

October,  1879. 

E.  Blondell.  A.  M.  Leon. 

W.  Z.  Powers.  *H.  Levy. 

J.  H.  Bryan.  C.  S.  Witherstine. 

E.  Friedenberg.  B.  Wood. 

April,  1880. 

F.  Burt.  E.  G.  Maupin. 
*S.  C.  Devan.  B.  Pereira. 

A.  B.  Farnham.  L.  C.  Swift. 

W.  B.  Johnson.  M.  C.  Wyeth. 

124 


October,  1880. 

A.  E.  Adams.  S.  D.  Harrison. 

H.  P.  Allen.  F.  J.  Ives. 

T.  W.  Corwin.  E.  A.  Judson. 

J.  M.  Ferrer.  D.  H.  Wiesner. 


April,  1881. 

*W.  C.  Holmes.  T.  H.  Steers. 

E.  W.  Johnson.  *F.  M.  Wells. 

G.  F.  Lydston.  J.  Wiggin. 

*F.  Merriam. 


October,  1881. 

W.  J.  Brandt.  N.  G.  Richmond. 

R.  C.  Dunne.  J.  F.  Russell. 

P.  R.  Egan.  *F.  M.  Urquhart. 

*A.  T.  Muzzy.  *A.  B.  Van  Home. 


April,  1882. 

M.  J.  Barrios.  T.  T.  Grant. 

C.  H.  French.  W.  L.  Hamilton. 

R,  E.  Giffen.  J.  F.  Terriberry. 


October,  1882. 

F.  B.  Carpenter.  M.  C.  O'Brien. 

C.  R.  Jewett.  *E.  Southworth. 

J.  0.  McChesney. 


April,  1883. 

H.  M.  Brace.  A.  S.  Polhemus. 

A.  B.  Breese.  F.  K.  Priest. 

W.  S.  Gottheil.  R.  Waldo. 

S.  Pierson. 

125 


October,  1883. 

*A.  Van  N.  Baldwin.  C.  F.  Gardiner. 

K.  P.  Battle,  Jr.  *G.  D.  Holstein. 

W.  L.  Carr.  W.  G.  Hoyt. 

H.  L.  Collyer.  W.  L.  Stowell. 

April,  1884. 

*A.  P.  Garnett.  W.  H.  Slabaugh. 

E.  Giles.  D.  H.  Stewart. 

H.  A.  Leipziger.  G.  C.  Weiss. 

*D.  P.  Pease.  F.  H.  White. 

October,  1884. 

J.  B.  Bissell.  S.  C.  Gravs. 

A.  Brinckinan.  G.  D.  Hamlin. 

A.  N.  Clark.  W.  F.  Milroy. 

G.  H.  Donohue.  S.  Mnrtland. 

April,  1885. 

G.  Banks.  T.  S.  Bullock. 

H.  Bacon.  T.  F.  Heller. 
C.  W.  Bellows,  A.  I.  Miller. 
L.  E.  Bertine.  J.  H.  Stewart. 

October,  1885. 

A.  C.  Bridges.  C.  E,  Park. 

*B.  T.  Embree.  W.  H.  Rassman. 

A.  Manning.  B.  H.  Wells. 

S.  Marx.  H.  H.  Young. 

April,  1886. 

*P.  H.  Malleson.  A.  Talbot. 

W.  Moore.  C.  N.  Thompson. 

0.  Rafferty.  G.  M.  White. 

E.  Stieglitz. 
126 


October,  1886. 

J.  L.  Gaston.  J.  L.  Newbnrgh. 

F.  R.  Glover.  W.  J.  Schuyler. 

H.  W.  Harrison.  S.  Tynberg. 

*E.  R.  Lyon. 


April,  1887. 

W.  L,  Baner.  N.  W.  Lynde. 

*  J.  A.  Bosch.  W.  T.  McMannis. 

W.  C.  Gilley.  T.  L.  Schlierbach. 

R.  Guiteras,  D.  E.  Walker. 


October,  1887. 

W.  H.  Clancy.  H.  St.  John. 

M.  Katzenberg.  A.  P.  Woodward. 

J.  B.  Kennedy. 


April,  1888. 

J.  Dunn.  K.  Ruffin. 

G.  R.  Harris.  H.  H.  Schroeder. 

H.  Jarecky.  D.  H.  Sprague. 
A.  J.  Primrose.  O.  W.  Stark. 


October,  1888. 

A.  W.  Billings.  E.  Pratt. 

J.  M.  Maghee.  T.  H.  Rockwell. 

M.  Manges.  F.  C.  Wells. 

H.  G.  Myers.  J.  S.  Wilson. 


April,  1889. 

R.  W.  Baker.  G.  H.  Mallett. 

W.  Brill.  T.  D.  Merrigan. 

C.  S.  Cole.  F.  R.  Percival. 

J.  M.  Kennedy.  O.  Van  Winkle. 

127 


October,  1889. 

A.  Abrams.  C.  M.  Ford. 

J.  W.  Bettinger.  G.  B.  McAuliffe. 

E.  W.  Buckley.  F.  L.  Wells. 

J.  T.  Clarke. 

April,  1890. 

C.  Gillan.  W.  0.  Plympton. 

H.  A.  Higley.  *H.  B.  Trask. 

A.  Lyle.  F.  L.  Waite. 

L.  M.  Michaelis. 


October,  1890. 

J.  L.  Andrews.  E.  Y.  Hill. 

J.  F.  Burns.  J.  H.  P.  Hodgson. 

G-.  D.  Farwell.  S.  M.  Landsman. 

I.  S.  Feinberg.  J.  Van  Rensselaer. 

April,  1891. 

J.  H.  Coughlin.  E.  D.  Pomeroy. 

H.  R.  Heydecker.  J.  H.  Pratt. 

J.  B.  Huber.  C.  D.  Roy. 

A.  M.  Newman.  E.  L.  Smith. 

October,  1891. 

S.  R.  Dunlop.  C.  I.  Proben. 

C.  S.  Jewett.  W.  M.  Robertson. 

E.  P.  Mallett.  C.  Stephenson. 

P.  Meirowitz.  W.  W.  Stewart. 


April,  1892. 

T.  R.  Carter.  A.  Rosenthal. 

C.  B.  Fitzpatrick.  H.  P.  Woley. 

H.  S.  Goodall.  J.  B.  Woods. 

G.  Harrison. 

128 


April,  1893. 

A.  Kohn.  F.  L.  Taylor. 

W.  W.  Quinlan.  *A.  M.  Thompson. 

W.  H.  Stewart.  A.  C.  White. 

October,  1893. 

B.  G.  Blackmar.  W.  W.  Quinton. 
M.  L.  Carr.  W.  S.  Reynolds. 

C.  R.  Dudley.  W.  L.  Somerset. 
J.  P.  Haney.                    R.  T.  Wheeler. 

April,  1894. 
H.  L.  Barker.  W.  H.  Manison. 

*A.  W.  Greenway.  J.  E.  Shrady. 

C.  R.  Grandy.  R.  F.  Williams. 

A.  M.  Kane. 

October,  1894. 
J.  B.  Carson.  A.  E.  Meyer. 

N.  L.  Deming.  F.  Overton. 

H.  S.  Hutchinson.  G.  B.  Worth. 

April,  1895. 
S.  G.  Frank.  J.  S.  Irwin. 

J.  Grice.  J.  McDermott. 

A.  Heger.  G.  P.  Shears. 

G.  G.  Holladay.  B.  Torrens. 

December,  1895. 

H.  B.  Deady.  W.  Steinach. 

D.  M.  Hall.  G.  Story. 

J.  J.  Herschel.  J.  H.  Waterman. 

A.  P.  Shellman. 

June,  1896. 
W.  W.  Dunn.  W.  V.  Kellogg. 

J.  J.  Gillan.  J.  F.  Sullivan. 

J.  S.  Taylor. 
129 


December,  1896. 

W.  E.  Buist.  W.  W.  Ludbrook. 

J.  Freeland.  B.  W.  Moore. 

#A.  Hazen.  P.  G.  Taddiken. 


June,  1897. 

T.  Alsop.  M.  McH.  Hull. 

W.  A.  Boyd.  J.  Mann. 

A.  V.  Grafstrom.  H.  Old. 

B.  L.  Hardin.  W.  H.  Spiller. 


December,  1897. 

C.  S.  Chapin.  T.  F.  Reilly. 

B.  Ferguson.  E.  P.  Wolf. 

C.  S.  Goodwin.  D.  W.  Wynkoop. 

R.  W.  Reid. 


June, 

J.  F.  Connors. 
A.  M.  Johnston. 
L.  L.  Meyer. 
A.  A.  Moore. 


1898. 

J.  D.  Osborn. 
"  A.  S.  Pike. 
A.  V.  Rockwell. 
J.  Watkins. 


December,  1898. 

H.  L.  K.  Carey.  E.  P.  Livingston. 

R.  Fraser.  C.  F.  Lynch. 

J.  H.  Holloway.  L.  Tobias. 

G.  L.  Kessler.  *E.  W.  Woolworth. 


G.  Arellano. 
B.  F.  Corwin. 

H.  D.  Johnson. 
L.  Marcus. 


June,  1899. 

*F.  W.  Nolan. 
R.  Tousey. 
E.  G.  Wherry. 
A.  L.  Wilson. 


December,  1899. 
G.  Arellano.  J.  W.  D.  Maury. 

G.  E.  Gallaway.  E.  W.  Murray. 
J.  J.  Guilshan.  C.  C.  Einard. 

W.  C.  Klotz.  M.  A.  H.  Thelberg. 

August,  1900. 
M.  G.  Burgess.  *D.  Kimball. 

C.  G.  Child,  Jr.  *D.  W.  Martson. 

W.  Donovan.  S.  Phelps. 

W.  P.  Earl.  E.  M.  Sill. 

H.  T.  Kelly. 

April,  1901. 
A.  S.  Boyde.  A.  E.  Munson. 

S.  K.  Foote.  C.  Ogilvy. 

P.  B.  Hough.  V.  E.  Quin. 

J.  A.  McCafferty.  W.  E.  Stone. 

December,  1901. 
C.  L.  Anthony.  J.  L.  Hughes. 

J.  A.  Bartley.  D.  0  'Brien. 

W.  P.  Cornell.  P.  A.  Potter. 

M.  Guillin.  J.  G.  Wells. 

August,  1902. 

H.  B.  Breckwedel.  C.  N.  Howard. 

G.  L.  Bunnell.  J.  O  'Dwyer. 
J.  H.  Conklin.  C.  W.  Ottley. 
W.  P.  Healy.  W.  G.  Quinby. 

April,  1903. 
P.  L.  Cocke.  J.  F.  Quinn. 

T.  G.  Foster.  N.  B.  Saunders. 

E.  G.  Haddad.  J.  G.  Smillie. 

H.  W.  Little.  J.  E.  Welch. 

131 


September,  1903. 

L.  C.  Bulkley.  J.  M.  Leney. 

A.  L.  C.  Gilday.  N.  M.  Stark. 

G.  McCartney.  A.  F.  Toole. 

E.  L.  McGill.  J.  G.  Yocum. 

June,  1904. 

E.  F.  Ashley.  F.  C.  Matthews. 

C.  J.  Dillon.  H.  D.  Meker. 

N.  D.  L.  Fletcher.  0.  A.  Province. 

J.  McCabe.  H.  B.  Siglar. 

*  Deceased. 
132 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES  OF  THE  EX-HOUSE 
PHYSICIANS  AND  SURGEONS 

OF 

City  (Charity)  Hospital. 
1864-1904. 

ABRAMS,  Alexander,  314  East  One  Hundred  and 
Nineteenth  Street,  New  York  City.  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1888.  Interne  April, 
1888-October,  1889. 

ADAMS,  Alpheus  Eli,  44  Grand  Street,  Newburgh,  New 
York,  born  June  26,  1857,  New  Fairfield,  Connecticut. 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.), 
1897.  Interne  April,  1879-October  1,  1880.  Ophthal- 
mic and  Aural  Surgeon,  St.  Luke's  Hospital;  Consulting 
Ophthalmologist  and  Aural  Surgeon,  Matteawan  Gen- 
eral Hospital  and  Highland  Hospital.  Specialty,  Oph- 
thalmology and  Otology.  Author  "  Diagnosis,  Diseases 
of  the  Eye,"  published  1894.  Formerly  Assistant  Sur- 
geon Manhattan  Eye  and  Ear  Hospital  and  Instructor  in 
Ophthalmology  in  Post  Graduate  Medical  School,  New 
York;  Member  American  Ophthalmological  and  Oto- 
logical  Societies;  Ex-President  Orange  County  Medical 
and  Newburgh  Bay  Medical  Societies ;  Fellow  New  York 
Academy  of  Medicine;  Member  Society  Alumni  City 
(Charity)  Hospital. 

ALDRICH,  John,  164  West  81st  Street,  New  York  City, 
born  Ehode  Island,  1860.  Brown  University  (A.B.),  1883; 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.), 
1889.    Interne  April,  1891— October,  1892.  Assistant 

133 


Attending  Physician  New  York  Hospital,  O.P.D. ;  Clinical 
Assistant,  Department  Dermatology,  Vanderbilt  Clinic 
Specialty,  Dermatology.  Member  New  York  County  Med- 
ical Society  and  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

ALLEN,  Harlan  B.,  Interne  April,  1879-October,  1880. 
Died  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  1895. 

ALSOP,  Thomas,  New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey,  bom 
Richmond,  Virginia,  October  14,  1872.  University  Vir- 
ginia (M.D.),  1895.  Interne  December,  1895- June,  1897. 
Visiting  Physician  and  Surgeon  Wells'  Memorial  Hos- 
pital. Specialty,  Diseases  of  Children.  Member  Middle- 
sex County  Medical  and  New  Jersey  State  Medical 
Societies. 

AMBROSE,  Daniel  R.,  334  West  Thirtieth  Street,  New 
York  City.  University  New  York  (M.D.),  1868.  Interne 
April  1,  1868— April  1,  1869.  Specialty,  Eye  and  Vene- 
real Diseases.  Formerly  House  Surgeon  and  Assistant 
Surgeon  Manhattan  Eye  and  Ear  Hospital;  Attending 
Surgeon  Northwestern,  Northern  and  Central  Dispen- 
saries. 

AMABILE,  A.  M.,  Interne  October,  1866— October, 
1867. 

ANDERSON,  F.   Interne  October,  1872-April,  1874. 

ANDREWS,  John  Lyman,  1332  Lexington  Avenue, 
New  York  City,  born  December  16,  1866,  Bethel,  Con- 
necticut. University  New  York  (M.D.),  1889.  Interne 
April,  1889— October,  1890.  Specialty,  Diseases  of  the 
Skin.  Formerly  Assistant  Visiting  Surgeon  Kandall's 
Island  Hospital;  Attending  Surgeon  Bellevue  Hospital, 
O.P.D.  Member  New  York  County  and  State  Asocia- 
tions  and  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

ANTONY,  Charles  Leonard,  220  East  One  Hundred 
and  Twenty-third  Street,  New  York  City,  born  October, 

134 


1876.  College  of  Physician  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1899.  Interne  December,  1899— December,  1901. 
Attending  Physician  University  and  Bellevue  Medical 
College,  Department  of  Medicine;  Member  Clinical  So- 
ciety University  of  Bellevue  Medical  College  and  Society 
Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

ANWAY,  Joseph,  103  State  Street,  Chicago,  111.  In- 
terne April,  1874- April,  1875. 

ARELLANO,  G.,  University  New  York  (M.D.),  1898. 
Interne  June,  1898— December,  1899. 

ASADOORIAN,  A.,  died  while  on  duty,  1869.  New 
York  University  (M.D.),  . 

ASHLEY,  Edward  Fiske,  99  Hillside  Avenue,  Water- 
bury,  Connecticut,  born  January  4,  1875,  at  Waterbury, 
Connecticut.  Yale  University  Ph.  B.  '97  (M.D.),  1900. 
Interne  August,  1902— June,  1904. 

\ 

BACON,  Henry,  401  West  Duval  Street,  Jacksonville, 
Florida.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1883.  Interne  October,  1883 
—April,  1885.  Surgeon  General  State  of  Florida,  with 
the  rank  of  Colonel.  Formerly  Member  County  Health 
Board  and  Physician  and  Surgeon,  St.  Luke's  Hospital. 
Member  Medical  Society  of  State  of  Florida  and  Duval 
County  Medical  Society. 

BACON,  William  Turner,  Hartford,  Connecticut,  born 
August  27,  1846.  Yale  University  (A.B.),  1868;  (A.M.), 
1871.  University  New  York  (M.D.),  1871.  Interne,  Octo- 
ber, 1871— April,  1872.  Ophthalmic  and  Aural  Surgeon, 
Hartford  Hospital ;  Consulting  Surgeon,  St.  Francis  Hos- 
pital; President  Hartford  Medical  Society,  1903.  For- 
merly House  Surgeon  Eoosevelt  Hospital ;  Curator  Char- 
ity Hospital;  Surgeon  New  York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary. 
Specialty,  Ophthalmology  and  Otology.   Member  Ameri- 

135 


can  Ophthalmological  and  American  Medical  Associa- 
tions; Connecticut  State,  Hartford  County  and  Hartford 
Medical  Societies. 

BAKER,  Robert  W.,  1816  I  Street,  N.  W.,  Washington, 
D.  C,  University  of  Virginia  (M.D.),  1887,  Interne 
October,  1887— April,  1889.  Attending  Physician,  Gar- 
field Dispensary.  Specialty,  Internal  Medicine.  For- 
merly Acting  Assistant  Surgeon  United  States  Army, 
Spanish  War;  Secretary  Board  of  Pension  Examiners; 
Attending  Physician  Foundling  Hospital.  Post  Gradu- 
ate Study  in  Vienna,  Berlin  and  Paris,  1889-1890.  Mem- 
ber District  of  Columbia  Medical  and  Pathological  So- 
ciety; American  Medical  Association. 

BALDWIN,  A.  V.  N.,  Interne,  April,  1882-October, 
1883.  Practiced  in  New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey.  De- 
ceased. 

BANER,  William  L.,  72  West  Forty-fifth  Street,  New 
York  City,  born  December  15,  1861,  New  York.  Swarth- 
more  (A.B.),  1882;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
New  York  (M.D.),  1885.  Interne,  October,  1885— April, 
1887.  Assistant  Visiting  Physician  St.  Vincent's  Hospi- 
tal; Founder  and  Member  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity) 
Hospital  (President  1900,  Secretary  1889) ;  Member  of  the 
Academy  of  Medicine;  New  York  County  Medical  Society 
and  Hospital  Graduates  Club. 

BANKS,  George,  Patterson,  Putnam  County,  New  York, 
born  August  1st,  1858,  New  York  City.  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1883.  Interne, 
October,  1883— April,  1885.  Formerly  Health  Officer  of 
Patterson  (1887-1899) ;  Member  Fairfield  County  Medical 
Society. 

BARRIOS,  M.  J.,  Central  America.  Interne  October, 
1880- April,  1882. 

136 


BARKER,  Herbert  Lv  Woodside,  New  York,  born 
August  27,  1866,  Antrim,  New  Hampshire.  Cornell  Uni- 
versity (Ph.D.),  1890;  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, New  York  (M.D.),  1893.  Interne  April,  1893— 
April,  1894.  Visiting  Physician  St.  John 's  Hospital,  Long 
Island  City.  Formerly  Assistant  Post-Graduate  Hospital, 
Vanderbilt  Clinic  and  New  York  Dispensaries;  Member 
Queens  County  Medical  Society  and  Associated  Physi- 
cians, Long  Island. 

BARTLEY,  John  A.,  1046  Ogden  Avenue,  New  York 
City,  born  March  16, 1878,  New  York  City.  University  of 
Bellevue  (M.D.),  1899.  Interne  December  1,  1899— De- 
cember, 1901.  Interne  New  York  Infant  Asylum,  1901. 

BATTLE,  Kemp  Plumber,  Jr.,  Raleigh,  North  Carolina, 
born  March  9, 1859,  Raleigh,  North  Carolina.  University 
of  North  Carolina  (A.B.),  1879;  University  of  Virginia, 
1881;  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1882.  Interne  April,  1882-Octo- 
ber,  1883.  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Ear,  Nose  and 
Throat,  University  of  North  Carolina.  Formerly  Interne 
BlackwelPs  Island  Lunatic  Asylum  and  Assistant  Sur- 
geon United  States  Marine  Hospital  Service.  Specialty, 
Eye,  Ear,  Nose  and  Throat.  Member  State  Board  of 
Medical  Examiners;  Board  of  Health;  Surgeon  Leonard 
and  St.  Agnes  Hospital.  Member  of  the  Academy  of 
Medicine  and  North  Carolina  State  Medical  Society. 

BELLOWS,  Charles  Waterman,  433  Nostrand  Avenue, 
Brooklyn,  born  July  8, 1862,  Brooklyn,  New  York.  Belle- 
vue (M.D.),  1883.  Interne  October,  1883-April,  1885. 
Surgeon  Kings  County  Elevated  Eailway.  Specialty, 
Surgery.  Member  Kings  County  Medical  and  Pathologi- 
cal Societies. 

BERTINE,  Louis  Edgar,  born  Mount  Vernon,  New 
York,  September,  1860.  Died  May  30,  1898.  Bellevue 
(M.D.),  1881.  Interne  October,  1883-April,  1885.  For- 
merly President  Mount  Vernon  Board  of  Health ;  Visiting 
Physician  and  Surgeon  Mount  Vernon  Hospital. 

137 


BETTINGER,  Joseph  W.,  383  Endicott  Arcade,  St. 
Paul,  Minnesota.  College  of  Physician  and  Surgeons, 
New  York  (M.D.),  1888.  Interne  May,  1888-Octoher, 
1889.  Clinical  Professor  Diseases  of  the  Ear,  Nose  and 
Throat,  Hamlin  University;  Staff  St.  Joseph  and  Beth- 
seda  Hospitals.  Specialty,  Ear,  Nose  and  Throat. 

BILLINGS,  Albert  W.,  Second  Avenue  and  Seventy- 
fourth  Street,  Bay  Ridge,  Brooklyn,  New  York.  Bellevue 
(M.D.),1887.  Interne  April,  1887-October,  1888.  Mem- 
ber Kings  County  Medical  Society. 

BIRCKHEAD,  Wm.  Hunter,  Interne  April,  1864-1865. 
Died  in  Newport,  Rhode  Island. 

BISSELL,  Joseph  Bidleman,  46  West  Fifty-fifth  Street, 
New  York  City,  born  1859.  Yale  University  (Ph.D.), 
1879;  College  of  Physician  and  Surgeons  (M.D.),  1883. 
Interne  April,  1883— October,  1884.  Visiting  Surgeon 
Bellevue  and  St.  Vincent  Hospitals.  Specialty,  Surgery. 
Member  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital  (Presi- 
dent 1894).  Member  American  and  New  York  State  As- 
sociations and  New  York  State  Medical  Society,  Patho- 
logical Society,  Hospital  Graduates  Club,  Celtic  Medical 
and  Medico-Chirurgical  Society,  Fellow  of  the  Academy 
of  Medicine,  Member  American  Urological  Association, 
and  Associated  Physicians  of  Greater  New  York. 

BLACKMAR,  Bruce  Gould,  313  Ovington  Avenue, 
Brooklyn,  New  York,  born  February  19, 1868,  Woodbury, 
Connecticut.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  (M.D.) , 
1892.  Interne  April,  1892 -October,  1893.  Assistant 
Visiting  Physician  Norwegian  Home  and  Hospital.  Mem- 
ber Kings  County  Medical  Society. 

BLAKE,  J.  A.,  352  Jefferson  Avenue,  Brooklyn,  New 
York.  Albany  (M.D.),  1868;  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1869.  Interne  October, 
1868— October,  1869.  Member  Kings  County  Medical  and 
Brooklyn  Pathological  Societies. 

138 


BLONDELL,  E.  Deceased.  Interne  April,  1878— Oc- 
tober, 1879. 

BOISE,  Eugene,  Grand  Bapids,  Michigan,  born  No- 
vember 29,  1846,  Wellington,  Connecticut.  Oberlin  Col- 
lege (A.B.),  1867;  University  of  Michigan,  1869;  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  (M.D.),  1870.  Interne  April, 
1870— October,  1871.  Visiting  Staff  Butterworth  Hospi- 
'taJL  Specialty,  Gynecology.  Posit-Graduate  Study  in 
Vienna,  1871-1872.  Member  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion. American  Gynecological;  Ex-President  Michigan 
State  Medical  Society;  Member  American  and  Grand 
Rapids  Academies  of  Medicine. 

BOOTH,  Wilbur  Hiram,  Interne  April,  1876— April, 
1877.  Died  September,  1897. 

BOSCH,  J.  A.,  Deceased.  Interne  April,  1886— Octo- 
ber, 1887. 

BOWERS,  W.  Z.,  Bridgeport,  Conn.  Interne  April, 
1878- October,  1879. 

BOYDE,  August  Samuel,  75  West  Fifty-fifth  Street, 
New  York  City,  born  Panama,  South  America,  1877.  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1899. 
Interne,  June,  1899— April,  1901.  Post-Graduate  Study 
in  Europe,  1902.  Attending  Physician  New  York  Dis- 
pensary. Specialty,  Genito-Urinary  Diseases.  Member 
Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital,  American  Medi- 
cal and  New  York  State  and  County  Associations. 

BOYD,  William  A.,  362  Willis  Avenue,  New  York  City, 
born  May  29,  1872,  Brooklyn,  New  York.  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1895.  In- 
terne December,  1895— June,  1897.  United  States  Pen- 
sion Surgeon  and  Examiner  for  Mutual  Life  Insurance 
Company.  Member  New  York  County  Medical  and  Bronx 
Medical  Society,  Medical  Association  of  Greater  New 
York,  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

139 


BRACE,  H.  M.,  Perth  Amboy,  New  Jersey.  Interne  Oc- 
tober, 1881— April,  1883. 

BRADFORD,  W.,  Interne  April,  1866— April,  1867. 

BRADLEY,  Mark  S.,  South  Manchester,  Connecticut, 
born  January  16,  1868,  East  Jaffrey,  New  Hampshire. 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.), 
1892.  Interne  April,  1891-October,  1892.  Health  Officer. 
Post-Graduate  Study  Berlin  and  Vienna.  Member  Hart- 
ford Medical  Society. 

BRANDT,  Washington  J.,  379  Union  Street,  Brooklyn, 
New  York.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New 
York  (M.D.),  1880.  Interne  April,  1880-October,  1881. 
Member  New  York  State  and  Physicians '  Mutual  Aid  As- 
sociations, Society  for  the  Belief  of  Widows  and  Orphans 
of  Medical  Men,  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

BRECKWEDEL,  Harry  Benjamin,  313  West  Eighty- 
seventh  Street,  New  York  City,  born  November  6,  1873. 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.), 
1900.  Interne  August,  1900— August,  1902.  Assistant 
Attending  and  Instructor  in  Physical  Diagnosis,  Univer- 
sity and  Bellevue  Medical  College.  Specialty,  Diseases  of 
the  Stomach  and  Functional  Nervous  Disorders.  Mem- 
ber Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

BREESE,  A.  B.,  Syracuse,  New  York.  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1881.  Interne 
October,  1881— April,  1883.  Surgeon  Syracuse  Hospital 
for  Women  and  Children.  Specialty,  Abdominal  and  Pel- 
vic Surgery.  Member  Syracuse  Academy  of  Medicine, 
Onondaga  County  Medical  Society,  State  Medical  Asso- 
ciation, Central  New  York  Medical  Society. 

BRIDGES,  Arlanden  Clay,  344  West  Twenty-eighth 
Street,  New  York  City,  born  Greencastle,  Indiana,  De- 
cember 29,  1861.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1884.  Interne  April, 

140 


1884— October,  1885.  Formerly  Volunteer  Surgeon  Ser- 
vian Army;  Assistant  Surgeon  Demilt  Dispensary.  Mem- 
ber New  York  County  Medical,  German  Medical  and  Phy- 
sicians 9  Mutual  Aid  Societies,  and  Society  Alumni  City 
(Charity)  Hospital. 

BRILL,  William,  341J  Spring  Street,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.), 
1887.  Interne  October,  1887— April,  1889. 

f 

BRINCKMAN,  Albert,  176  Bergen  Street,  Brooklyn, 
New  York,  born  July  16,  1861,  New  York  City.  Univer- 
sity of  New  York  (M.D.),  1883.  Interne  April,  1883— 
October,  1884.  Visiting  Physician  Brooklyn  Eye  and  Ear 
Hospital.  Specialty,  Eye  and  Ear.  Formerly  Visiting 
Physician  Brooklyn  Central  and  Brooklyn  Dispensaries. 
Member  Kings  County  Medical  Society,  American  and 
State  Medical  Associations. 

BRYAN,  Joseph  Hammond,  818  Seventeenth  Street, 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia.  University  of  Vir- 
ginia, 1877;  University  of  New  York  City  (M.D.),  1878. 
Interne  April,  1878,  to  October,  1879.  Surgeon  Garfield 
Memorial  and  Episcopal  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospitals. 
Specialty,  Laryngology  and  Otology.  Formerly  Past 
Assistant  Surgeon  United  States  Army. 

BUCKLEY,  Edward  W.,  Ernst  Building,  St.  Paul,  Min- 
nesota, born  October  12, 1860,  Minnesota.  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1886.  Interne 
April,  1888— October,  1889.  Member  St.  Joseph's  Hos- 
pital Staff,  Eamsay  County  Medical  Society,  Minnesota 
State  Medical  Society,  American  Medical  Association. 

BULKLEY,  Lucius  C,  531  Madison  Avenue,  New  York 
City,  born  1877,  New  York  City.  Columbia  University 
(A.B.),  1898;  (A.M.)  1901;  (M.D.)  1901.  Interne  August, 
1901-September,  1903. 

141 


BUIST,  William  Edward,  Nashville,  Tennnessee,  born 
December  27, 1871.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
New  York  (M.D.),  1894.  Interne  April,  1895— December, 
1896.  Attending  Physician  St.  Thomas'  Hospital.  For- 
merly Interne  Willard  Parker  and  Riverside  Hospitals, 
New  York  City.  Member  American  Medical  Association 
and  Nashville  Academy  of  Medicine. 

BULLOCK,  Thomas  Stapleton,  Lexington,  Kentucky, 
born  June  5,  1859,  Lexington,  Kentucky.  University  of 
Kentucky  (A.M.),  1878;  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, New  York  (M.D.),  1883.  Interne  September,  1883 
—April,  1885.  Specialty,  Abdominal  Surgery.  Formerly 
Lecturer  on  Obstetrics  and  Assistant  to  Chair  of  Gyne- 
cology, University  of  Louisville.  Visiting  Surgeon  Louis- 
ville City  Hospital.  Member  Kentucky  State  Medical  So- 
ciety, Medical-Chirurgical  Society  of  Louisville,  and 
Mississippi  Valley  Medical  Society. 

BUNNELL,  George  L.,  2044  Madison  Avenue,  New 
York  City,  born  July  31,  1870,  Bridgeport,  Connecticut. 
Yale  (Ph.B.),  1896.  Cornell  (M.D.),  1900.  Interne  April, 
1901— August,  1902.  Clinical  Assistant  Cornell  Medical 
School. 

BURGESS,  Maynard  Gooding,  Herkimer,  New  York, 
bom  Havana,  Cuba,  April  12,  1876.  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1898.  Interne 
December,  1898— December,  1899.  Visiting  Surgeon  and 
Gynecological  Emergency  &nd  C^ty  General  Hospital. 
Formerly  Assistant  Surgeon,  United  States  Army.  Mem- 
ber Herkimer  County,  American  and  State  Medical  Asso- 
ciations, Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

BURNS,  John  Francis,  462  Jackson  Avenue,  Borough 
of  Queens,  New  York  City.  University  of  New  York 
(M.D.),  1889.  Interne  April,  1889— October,  1890.  As- 
sistant Medical  Superintendent  Fort  Hamilton  Asylum. 

142 


Visiting  Surgeon  St.  Johns  Hospital.  Attending  Physi- 
cian St.  Joseph's  Orphan  Home.  Specialty,  Surgery  and 
Diseases  of  Children.  Member  American  Medical  Asso- 
ciation. 

BURT,  Franklin,  Norwalk,  Ohio,  born  1853,  Ontario, 
Canada.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Canada 
(M.D.),  1878;  (M.B.)  University  of  Toronto,  1879;  (M.D.) 
1889.  Interne  October,  1878— April,  1880.  Surgeon  Lake 
Shore  and  Michigan  Southern  Eailway.  Member  City 
Board  of  Health.  Formerly  Surgeon  to  Episcopal  and 
Roman  Catholic  Hospitals,  Minnesota,  Minn.  Member 
Northern  Ohio  and  Central  Medical  Societies. 

CALLAN,  Peter  A.,  35  "West  Thirty-eighth  Street, 
New  York  City.  University  of  New  York  (M.D.),  1867. 
Interne  October,  1866— April,  1868.  Surgeon  New  York 
Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary  and  Ophthalmologist  to  St.  Vin- 
cent's and  Columbus  Hospitals.  Specialty,  Ophthalmol- 
ogy. Formerly  Surgeon  United  States  Navy.  Member 
New  York  State  Medical  Society.  Academy  of  Medicine 
and  Pathological  Society,  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity) 
Hospital. 

CAREY,  Henry  L.  K.,  251  East  Thirtieth  Street,  New 
York  City.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1894.  Interne  June,  1897— 
December,  1898. 

CARLE,  Charles  A.,  Stanton,  Mich.,  born  June  21, 1844. 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.), 
1866.  Interne  October,  1866- October,  1867.  Member 
Shiawassee  County  Medical  Society. 

CARPENTER,  Frank  Blish,  17  East  Thirty-eighth 
Street,  New  York  City,  bom  September  15,  1853,  Law- 
renceville,  New  York.  "Williams  College  (A.B.),  1878; 
University  of  New  York  (M.D.),  1881.  Interne  April, 
1881— October,  1882.  Consulting  Dermatologist  Orphans' 

143 


Home.  Specialty,  Dermatology.  Formerly  Instructor  in 
Dermatology  New  York  Post-Graduate  Medical  School. 
Member  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital,  County 
Medical  Society. 

CARPENTER,  H.  T.  Deceased.  Interne  October, 
1874-October,  1875. 

CARR,  Mathew  Lawrence,  353  West  Fifty-seventh 
Street,  New  York  City,  bom  October  24,  1870,  Castoria, 
North  Carolina.  Wake  Forest  College,  North  Carolina 
(A.B.),  1889;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New 
York  (M.D.),  1892.  Interne  April,  1892-October,  1893. 
Clinical  Assistant  Vanderbilt  Clinic,  Department  of  Otol- 
ogy- Specialty,  Eye,  Ear,  Nose,  Throat.  Formerly  At- 
tending Otologist  Northeastern  Dispensary  and  West 
Side  German  Clinic.  Member  Society  Alumni  City  (Char- 
ity) Hospital. 

CARR,  Walter  Lester,  68  West  Fifty-first  Street,  New 
York  City,  born  November  21,  1859,  Lafayette,  New  Jer- 
sey. Rutgers  College  (A.M.,  Honorary) ;  University  of 
New  York  (M.D.),  1882.  Interne,  April,  1882— October, 
1883.  Post-Graduate  Study  in  London,  1886.  Consulting 
Physician,  French  Hospital;  Visiting  Physician  Randall's 
Island  Hospital.  Specialty,  Diseases  of  Children.  For- 
merly Physician  to  Bellevue  and  St.  Luke  's  Dispensaries. 
Editor  Archives  of  Pediatrics.  Member  American  Pe- 
diatrical,  County  Medical,  Pathological  and  Physicians ' 
Mutual  Aid  Societies,  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine, 
Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital  (Founder,  Pres- 
ident 1893,  Vice-President  1892). 

CARSON,  James  B.,  Farrel,  Mississippi,  born  March  9, 
1869,  Stovall,  Mississippi.  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1893.  Interne  June,  1893- 
October,  1894.  Member  American  Medical  Association. 

CARTER,  Theophilus  Ransom,  57  South  Second  Ave- 
nue, Mount  Vernon,  New  York.    College  of  Physicians 

144 


and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1890.  Interne  October, 
1891— April,  1892.  Visiting  Physician,  Mount  Vernon 
Hospital.  Member  Westchester  County  Medical  Society. 

CASTLE,  F.  A.,  Deceased.  Interne  April,  1868— April, 
1869. 

CHAPIN,  Clifford  Samuel,  Great  Barrington,  Mass., 
born  January  25,  1873,  Bernardstown,  Mass.  Bellevue 
(M.D.),  1896.  Interne,  June,  1896— December,  1897. 
Member  Board  of  Health.  Member  American  Medical 
Association  and  Massachusetts  Medical  Society,  Society 
Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

CHILD,  Charles  Gardner,  Jr.,  61  West  Forty-fifth 
Street,  New  York  City,  born  March  14,  1873.  Yale  Uni- 
versity (M.D.),  1895.  Interne,  June,  1899— August, 
1900.  Lecturer  on  Gynecology,  New  York  Polyclinic  Med- 
ical School;  Assistant  Gynecologist  City  Hospital;  Trustee 
Northern  Dispensary;  Examining  Board  New  York  City 
Training  School  for  Nurses.  Specialty,  Obstetrics  and 
Gynecology.  Formerly  Interne,  Rotunda  Hospital,  Dub- 
lin; Assisant  Surgeon,  Roosevelt  Hospital,  0.  P.  D.  Post- 
Graduate  Study  in  Berlin,  1895-1896.  Member  American 
Medical  and  New  York  State  and  County  Medical  Asso- 
ciations, Polyclinic  Medical  Society.  Society  Alumni 
City  Charity  Hospital  (Secretary,  1903,  1904). 

CLADEK,  Walter  E.,  Rahway,  New  Jersey,  born  May 
14, 1856.  University  of  New  York  (M.D.),  1877.  Interne 
April,  1877— April,  1879.  Surgical  Staff  Newark  Eye  and 
Ear  Infirmary.  Specialty,  Eye  and  Ear.  Member  Dis- 
trict Medical  Society,  Union  County,  New  Jersey,  Society 
Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

CLANCY,  William  H.,  80  Otis  Street,  Cambridge, 
Massachusetts,  born  August  6,  1865,  Boston,  Mass.  Uni- 
versity of  New  York  (M.D.),  1885.  Interne  April,  1886— 
October,  1887.   Medical  Inspector  Public  Schools.  For- 

145 


merly  Surgeon  Costa  Rica  Railway.  Member  Cambridge 
School  Board.  Staff  New  York  City  Insane  Asylum, 
1888-1900.  Member  Massachusetts  Medical  Society  for 
Medical  Improvement  and  Costa  Rica  Medical  Society. 

CLARKE,  Joseph  Taylor,  Major  and  Surgeon  United 
States  Army,  Fort  Ethan  Allen,  Vermont,  born  October, 
24,  1862,  Washington,  District  of  Columbia.  University 
of  Virginia  (M.D.),  1887.  Interne,  October,  1887-Oc- 
tober,  1889.  Formerly  Interne  New  York  Orthopedic 
Hospital  and  Major  and  Surgeon  47th  Infantry,  United 
States  Volunteers. 

CLARK,  Arthur  Norman,  South  Norwalk,  Connecticut, 
born  July  16,  1860,  Southampton,  Massachusetts.  In- 
terne June,  1883 -October,  1884.  Visiting  Staff  Clark 
Hospital.   Member  Fairfield  County  Medical  Society. 

CLEVELAND,  Clement,  59  West  Thirty-eighth  Street, 
New  York  City.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
New  York  (M.D.),  1871.  Interne  April,  1870-October, 
1871.  Consulting  Gynecologist  General  Memorial,  St. 
Vincent's  and  Woman's  Hospitals.  Member  American 
Gynecological,  County  Medical  and  Obstetrical  Societies, 
and  Academy  of  Medicine,  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity) 
Hospital. 

COCKE,  Paul  L.,  Birmingham,  Alabama,  born  Mont- 
gomery, Alabama,  June,  1875.  University  of  Virginia 
(M.D.),  1899.  Interne  April,  1901- April,  1903.  Ex- 
Interne  Post-Graduate  Hospital,  New  York.  Formerly 
United  States  Navy.  Member  Jefferson  Medical  Society, 
Birmingham. 

COLE,  Carter  Stannard,  122  West  Seventy-third  Street, 
New  York  City,  born  December  8,  1862,  Culpeper,  Vir- 
ginia. University  of  Virginia  (M.D.),  1887.  Interne 
October,  1887— April,  1889.  Adjunct  Professor,  Surgery 

146 


and  Attending  Surgeon  New  York  Post-Graduate 
Hospital;  Attending  0.  P.  D.  New  York  Hospital,  House 
of  Eelief.  Ex-Interne  House  of  Relief,  Chambers  Street. 
Member  New  York  State  Medical  Society,  Academy  of 
Medicine  and  Society  Alumni  New  York  and  City  (Char- 
ity) Hospitals. 

COLLYER,  Herman  Livingston,  153  West  Seventy- 
seventh  Street,  New  York  City,  born  March  9,  1857, 
Brooklyn,  New  York.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1881.  Interne 
April,  1881 -October,  1883.  Treasurer  New  York  Acad- 
emy of  Medicine.  Specialty,  Gynecology  and  General 
Surgery.  Formerly  Lecturer  New  York  Polyclinic,  Gyne- 
cologist West  Side  and  German  Dispensaries;  Assistant 
Gynecologist  French  Hospital.  Member  New  York  State 
Association.  Eastern  Medical  and  Metropolitan  Medical 
Society,  Academy  of  Medicine,  Society  Alumni  City 
(Charity)  Hospital. 

CONKLIN,  James  Harvey  H.,  51  Pratt  Street,  Hart- 
ford, Connecticut,  born  December  21,  1860,  at  Madison, 
Connecticut.  University  of  Vermont  (M.D.),  1899.  In- 
terne August  1,  1900— August  1,  1902.  New  York  Post- 
Graduate  October,  1899— January,  1900.  Visiting  Physi- 
cian Home  for  Incurables,  Newington,  Connecticut.  Mem- 
ber Hartford  Medical  Society. 

CONNORS,  John  Francis,  117  West  Eighty-third 
Street,  New  York  City.  University  of  New  York  (M.D.), 
1895.  Interne  December,  1896— June,  1898.  Attending 
Surgeon  Almshouse  Hospital.  Member  County  Medical 
Society. 

CORNELL,  William  Paterson,  217  Rutledge  Avenue, 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  born  May  27,  1878,  Perth 
Amboy,  New  Jersey.  Medical  College,  State  South  Caro- 
lina (M.D.),  1898.  Interne  December,  1899— December, 
1901.    Visiting  Physician,  City  Hospital;  Instructor  in 

147 


Physical  Diagnosis  Charleston  Medical  School.  Formerly 
Interne  St.  Francis  Xavier  Infirmary.  Acting  Assistant 
Surgeon  United  States  Army,  1898.  Secretary  Medical 
Society,  South  Carolina;  Member  Charleston  Medical 
Club. 

CORWIN,  B.  F.,  Amersfort  Place,  Flatbush  Avenue, 
Brooklyn,  New  York.  Yale  University  (A.B.),  1895; 
(M.D.)  1897.  Interne  December,  1897-June,  1899.  In- 
structor Long  Island  Medical  College. 

CORWIN,  Theodore  Wellington,  Newark,  New  Jersey, 
born  June,  1857,  Newark,  New  Jersey.  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1879.  Interne 
April,  1879-October,  1880.  Visiting  Physician,  St.  Bar- 
nabas Hospital;  Throat  Surgeon  St.  Michael's  Hospital. 
Specialty,  Nose,  Throat  and  Lungs.  Member  American 
Medical  Association;  State  Medical,  Essex  County  Dis- 
trict Medical,  and  American  Laryngological  and  Otologi- 
cal  Societies;  Practitioners'  Club  and  Academy  of  Medi- 
cine, New  York;  Newark  Medical  and  Surgical  Society, 
Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

COUGHLIN,  John  Henry,  307  East  Broadway,  New 
York  City,  born  May  30,  1854,  London,  England.  Uni- 
versity of  New  York  (M.D.),  1888.  Interne  April,  1889 
—April,  1891.  Visiting  Physician  Gouverneur  Hospital. 
Formerly  Assistant  to  Chair  of  Diseases  of  Children, 
University  Medical  College;  Attending  Physician  of 
Bellevue,  O.  P.  D.;  Assistant  Demonstrator  in  Anatomy, 
University  Medical  College.  Member  American  Medical, 
New  York  County  and  State  Associations,  County  Society 
and  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

CREMIN,  Patrick  Wallace,  856  Lexington  Avenue, 
New  York  City,  bom  January  31,  1841,  Ireland.  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1866. 
Interne  April,  1868-April,  1869.    Formerly  Interne 

148 


Northeastern  Dispensary  and  Bellevue  Hospital.  Mem- 
ber County  Society  and  Society  for  Relief  of  Widows 
and  Orphans. 

CULPEPPER,  P.  G.,  Portsmouth,  Va.,  born  Septem- 
ber 25,  1856.  University  of  Virginia,  1876;  University  of 
New  York  (M.D.),  1877.  Interne  April,  1878— April,  1879. 
Surgeon  Atlantic  Coast  Line,  Norfolk,  Portsmouth  and 
Newport  News  Railways.  Member  Virginia  State  Board 
of  Health,  Medical  Society  of  Virginia,  Seaboard  Medi- 
cal Society,  Tri-State  Medical,  Portsmouth  and  Norfolk 
County  Medical  Societies. 

CULVER,  Charles.  Died  while  on  duty  at  City  Hospi- 
tal, September  7th,  1868. 

CURTIS,  Newton  Freeman,  White  Plains,  New  York, 
born  July  13,  1849,  Hampden,  Maine.  Bowdoin  College 
(A.B.),  1871;  (A.M.),  1874;  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1874.  Interne  October,  1873 
—April,  1875.  Visiting  Physician,  White  Plains  Hospi- 
tal; Health  Officer,  White  Plains.  Member  New  York 
State  Medical  Association,  New  York  State  and  West- 
chester Medical  Societies. 

DAKIN,  Frank  Caryl,  1419  Chicago  Avenue,  Evans- 
ton,  111.,  born  1868,  Chicago,  Illinois.  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1890.  Interne 
April,  1891— October,  1892.  Visiting  Physician  Evanston 
Hospital. 

DANA,  Alfred  S.,  Yonkers,  New  York.  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1874.  In- 
terne April,  1872— October,  1874.  Health  Commissioner 
Yonkers. 

DAVIS,  G.  Pierpont,  Hartford,  Connecticut,  born  June 
16, 1845,  Litchfield,  Connecticut.  Yale  University  (A.B.), 
1866;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 

149 


(M.D.),  1869.  Interne  April,  1869- April,  1870.  Visit- 
ing Surgeon  Hartford  Hospital;  Member  Hartford  Medi- 
cal and  Connecticut  State  Medical  Societies. 

DAWSON,  William  James  Gremley  Eldridge,  Sonoma 
County,  California,  born  January  12,  1846,  New  Bruns- 
wick, Canada.  University  New  York  (M.D.),  1867.  In- 
terne May,  1868— October,  1869.  Medical  Superinten- 
dent, California  Home  for  Feeble  Minded  Children. 
Specialty,  Neurology.  Formerly  Assistant  Physician 
New  York  City  Lunatic  Asylum;  Member  American 
Medical  and  California  State  (President,  1902)  Medical 
Associations;  Napa  County  Medical  Society. 

DAY,  W.  DeForest,  bom  October  26, 1835,  died  Novem- 
ber 27,  1889.  Williams  College  (A.B.),  1859.  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1863.  In- 
terne October,  1863— October,  1864.  Medical  cadet  at 
Alexandria  during  Civil  War.  Professor  Botany  and 
Materia  Medica,  New  York  College  of  Pharmacy,  1869  to 
1889.  Sanitary  Superintendent  New  York  Board  of 
Health,  1873  to  1889. 

DEADY,  Henderson  B.,  321  East  Fifteenth  Street,  New 
York  City.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New 
York.  Interne  June,  1894— December,  1895. 

DELAVAN,  D.  Bryson,  1  East  Thirty-third  Street,  New 
York  City.  Yale  University  (A.B.),  1872;  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1875.  Interne 
October,  1874— April,  1876.  Professor  Laryngology  and 
Khinology,  New  York  Polyclinic  Medical  School;  Con- 
sulting Laryngologist  St.  Luke,  Mount  Sinai,  General 
Memorial,  Skin  and  Cancer  and  Ruptured  and  Crippled 
Hospitals.  Formerly  Curator  and  Assistant  Pathologist, 
New  York  Hospital ;  Attending  Surgeon,  Workhouse  and 
Almshouse  Hospital.  Specialty,  Laryngology  and  Rhi- 
nology.    Member  American  Laryngological  and  Honor- 

150 


ary  Member  British  Laryngological  Societies;  Hospital 
Graduates  Club;  Alumni  Society  Presbyterian  Hospital; 
Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital  (President,  1890- 
1892).  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine  and  American 
Medical  Association. 

DEMING,  Nelson  Lloyd,  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana,  born 
November  21,  1868,  Danbury,  Connecticut.  Yale  Univer- 
sity (Ph.B.),  1890;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
New  York  (M.D.),  1893.  Interne  May,  1893-October, 
1894.  Practiced  one  year  in  New  York  City.  Member 
Allen  County  Medical,  Tri-State  Medical  Society  and 
American  Medical  Association. 

DENSLOW,  LeGrand  Norton,  Bretton  Hall,  Broadway 
and  Eighty-fifth  Street,  New  York  City,  born  New  York 
City,  June  26,  1852.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
New  York  (M.D.),  1876.  Interne  April,  1876— October, 
1877.  Post-Graduate  Study  in  Vienna,  Berlin  and  Lon- 
don, 1877—1878.  Specialty,  Skin  and  Genito-Urinary 
Diseases.  Formerly  Professor  Diseases  of  Skin  and 
Genito-Urinary  Surgery,  and  Secretary  St.  Paul  Medical 
College;  Visiting  Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital,  0.  P.  D.; 
New  York  Dispensary.  Member  Academy  of  Medicine 
and  New  York  Dermatological  Society,  German  Surgical 
Society,  Berlin;  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

DEVAN,  S.  C,  deceased.  Interne  October,  1878— April, 
1880.   Formerly  Marine  Hospital  Service. 

DE  VARONA,  Jose  0.,  Interne  April,  1864— April, 
1865. 

DERR,  Ezra  Z.,  Medical  Inspector,  United  States  Navy, 
Navy  Yard,  Boston,  Massachusetts,  born  January  12, 
1851.  University  of  Virginia,  1870;  University  of  New 
York  (M.D.),  1872.   Interne  April,  1871 -October,  1872. 

151 


Formerly  Assistant  Surgeon  and  Surgeon  United  States 
Navy.  Member  Military  Surgeons  United  States. 

DEW,  J.  Harvie,  65  West  Sixty-eighth  Street,  New 
York  City,  born  October  18,  1843,  Newton,  Virginia.  Uni- 
versity of  Virginia  (M.D.),  1867.  Interne  April,  1868- 
October,  1869.  Surgeon,  Confederate  Veterans'  Camp. 
Specialty,  Obstetrics.  Formerly  Professor  Anatomy, 
Physiology  and  Hygiene  New  York  Evening  High  School. 
Surgeon  Central  Dispensary.  Member  New  York  State 
Medical  Association,  Academy  of  Medicine,  County  Medi- 
cal Society  and  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

DILLON,  Charles  J.,  218  West  Seventy-first  Street,  New 
York  City.   Interne  August,  1902 -June,  1904. 

DONAHUE,  George  H.,  Northport,  Long  Island,  New 
York,  born  Brooklyn.  Eochester  (A.B.),  1877.  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1882. 
Interne  April,  1883— October,  1884.  Formerly  Health 
Officer  Huntington  and  Northport.  Member  Queens, 
Nassau,  Medical  Society,  Associated  Physicians  of  Long 
Island. 

DONOVAN,  William,  125  East  One  Hundred  and  Sixth 
Street,  New  York  City,  born  March,  1868,  Cork,  Ireland. 
Bellevue  (M.D.),  1898.  Interne  December,  1898— August, 
1900.  Formerly  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon  United  States 
Army.  Ex-interne  Haekensack  General  Memorial  Hospi- 
tal. Member  County  Medical,  Physicians '  Mutual  Aid 
and  Celtic  Medical  Societies,  Society  Alumni  City  (Char- 
ity) Hospital. 

DRAKE,  Nelson  Henry,  United  States  Navy,  born 
Chester,  New  Jersey,  April  2, 1850.  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  (M.D.),  1873.  Interne  April,  1872— Octo- 
ber, 1873.  Major-Surgeon,  United  States  Navy.  Formerly 
Assistant  Attending  North  western  Dispensary;  Surgeon 

152 


Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary  and  Attending  Physician  North- 
ern Dispensary,  New  York. 

DRAKE,  F.  R.  S.,  Deceased.  Interne  April,  1870- 
October,  1871. 

DUDLEY,  Clifton  R.,  4612  Finney  Avenue,  St.  Louis, 
Missouri.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1891.  Interne  April,  1892— 
October,  1893.  Assistant  to  Chair  of  Obstetrics  Beaumont 
Medical  College,  St.  Louis,  and  Visiting  Physician  to 
Methodist  Baptist  Sanitarium. 

DUNLOP,  Samuel  Robert,  Mount  Morris,  New  York, 
born  June  12,  1868,  New  York  City.  University  of  New 
York  (B.S.),  1887;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
New  York  (M.D.),  1890.  Interne  April,  1890-October, 
1891.  Formerly  Surgeon  United  States  Army,  Superin- 
tendent Medico-Chirurgical  Hospital,  Philadelphia. 
Member  Society  of  Military  Surgeons. 

DUNN,  John,  Richmond,  Virginia,  born  November  14, 
1862,  Petersburg,  Virginia.  University  of  Virginia 
(A.M.),  1884;  (M.D.),  1886.  Interne  April,  1887— April, 
1888.  Post-Graduate  Study  in  Paris,  Berlin  and  London, 
1888—1889.  Professor  Diseases  of  Eye,  Ear,  Nose  and 
Throat,  University  College  of  Medicine;  Surgeon,  Rich- 
mond  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Infirmary.  Specialty,  Dis- 
eases of  Eye,  Ear,  Nose  and  Throat.  Contributor  to 
' 1  Knapp 's  Archiv.  Otology  and  Ophthalmology. ' 1  Mem- 
ber Richmond  Academy  of  Medicine,  Richmond  State 
Medical,  Tri-State  Medical,  American  Laryngological, 
and  Otological  and  Rhinological  Societies. 

DUNN,  William  W.,  Richmond,  Virginia.  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (M.D.), 
1894.  Interne  October,  1894— June,  1896.  Adjunct 
Professor  Children's  Diseases,  University  College. 

153 


DUNNE,  Russel  C,  died  at  Westerly,  Rhode  Island, 
1901.  University  New  York  (M.D.),  1879.  Interne,  April, 
1880-October,  1881.  Member  School  Committee.  Ex- 
President  Washington  County  Medical  Society. 

EARL,  William  Petry,  Little  Falls,  New  York,  born 
February  7,  1874,  Herkimer,  New  York.  Cornell  Uni- 
versity, 1896;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New 
York  (M.D.),  1898.  Interne  March,  1899-August,  1900. 
Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.S.A.,  1899.  Member  Amer- 
ican, New  York  State  and  Herkimer  County  Medical 
Association;  Herkimer  County  Medical  Society;  Society 
Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

EDGERTON,  Francis  D.,  Middletown,  Connecticut, 
born  August  26,  1838.  Wesleyan  College  (A.B.),  1861; 
(A.M.),  1864.  University  Vermont  (M.D.),  1863;  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1864.  In- 
terne October,  1864— April,  1865.  Ex-Interne  Bellevue 
Hospital.  Visiting  Physician  Connecticut  Industrial 
School.  President  Middlesex  County  Medical  Society. 
Post  Surgeon  State  of  Connecticut.  Delivered  Annual 
Address  in  Medicine,  Yale  Medical  School,  1878.  Presi- 
dent Connecticut  Medical  Society,  1894.  Honorary  Mem- 
ber Connecticut  Pharmaceutical  Association.  Member 
Bellevue  Hospital  Alumni,  Connecticut  and  Middlesex 
County  Medical  Societies. 

EDWARDS,  Landon  Brame,  Richmond,  Virginia,  born 
September  20,  1845,  Prince  Edward,  Canada.  University 
New  York  (M.D.),  1867.  Interne  April,  1867-April, 
1868.  Editor  Virginia  Medical  Semi-Monthly.  Clinical 
Professor  Practice  of  Medicine  and  Dean,  University 
Medical  College.  Physician  Virginia  Hospital.  Founder 
Medical  Society  of  Virginia ;  Secretary  since  1870.  Mem- 
ber American  Medical  Association ;  Virginia  Medical  and 
Tri-State  Medical  Societies ;  Richmond  Academy  of  Medi- 
cine; Honorary  Member  Medical  Society  of  Western 
Virginia. 

154 


EGAN,  Peter  Ralph,  Major  and  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A., 
Cebu,  Isle  of  Cebu,  Philippine  Islands.  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1880.  Interne 
April,  1880-October,  1881.  Post-Graduate  Study  in 
Boston  and  New  York.  Formerly  Distributing  Officer, 
Board  of  Charities,  Porto  Rico,  1899.  Member  Associa- 
tion of  Military  Surgeons. 

EMBREE,  Richard  J.,  died  at  Colorado  Springs,  1889. 
Interne  April,  1884— October,  1885. 

ENO,  Henry  Clay,  Saugatuck,  Connecticut,  born  1840. 
New  York  City.  Yale  University  (A.B.),  1860;  (A.M.) 
1863;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1864.  Interne  April,  1864— October,  1864.  For- 
merly Ophthalmic  Surgeon,  New  York  Eye  and  Ear 
Infirmary;  Surgeon  St.  Johns '  Hospital;  Surgeon  Charity 
Hospital ;  Curator  Charity  Hospital  Museum.  Ex-Interne 
Bellevue  Hospital.  Retired  from  active  practice  in  1884. 
Member  New  York  County  Medical  and  Roman  Medical 
Societies. 

ESTABROOK,  C.  R.,  9307  Flatlands  Avenue,  Brooklyn, 
New  York.   Interne  April  1876— October,  1877. 

FARNHAM,  Alden  Bradford,  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin, 
born  1844,  Bath,  Maine.  Harvard,  1868.  Bellevue, 
(M.D.),  1874.  Interne  October,  1878-April  1880.  Spe- 
cialty, Nose  and  Throat.  Chairman,  Board  of  Censors, 
Founder  and  Former  President,  Milwaukee  Medical 
Society. 

FARRELL,  Edward,  Nova  Scotia.  Interne  April,  1864 
-April,  1865. 

FARWELL,  George  E.,  Elmhurst,  Borough  of  Queens, 
New  York.  New  York  University  (M.D.),  1889.  Interne 
April,  1889— October  1890.  Member  Queens  Nassau 
Medical  Society. 

155 


FEINBERG,  Israel  S.,  316  East  Seventy-ninth  Street, 
New  York  City.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
New  York,  (M.D.),  1888.   Interne  April  1889-Oetober, 

1890.  Assistant  Surgeon  Mount  Sinai  and  Lebanon  Hos- 
pital Dispensaries. 

FERGUSON,  Burr.,  Interne  June,  1896— December, 
1897. 

FERRER,  Jose  M.,  441  Park  Avenue,  New  York  City. 
Manhattan  College  (A.B.),  1876;  (A.M.),  1879;  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1879. 
Interne  April,  1879-October,  1880.  Post-Graduate  Study 
in  Vienna,  1891-1892.  Visiting  Physician  St.  Vincent 
and  French  Hospitals;  Attending  Physician  Manhattan 
College.  Formerly  Assistant  Eoosevelt,  St.  Vincent  and 
Bellevue  Dispensaries.  Specialty,  Internal  Medicine. 
Ex-President  Manhattan  College  Alumni.  Fellow  Acad- 
emy of  Medicine.  Member  County  Medical,  Northwest- 
ern Medical  and  Surgical  and  Physicians'  Mutual  Aid 
Societies.  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

FISET,  G.  0.,  Deceased.  Interne  April,  1872— October, 
1873. 

FISKE,  James  Porter,  1692  Broadway,  New  York  City. 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.), 

1891.  Interne  April,  1891-October,  1892.  Formerly  Ob- 
stetric Surgeon,  Church  Hospital;  Attending  Physician, 
Northwestern  Dispensary;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Eoosevelt 
Hospital,  0.  P.  D.;  Orthopedic  Surgeon,  New  York  Post- 
Graduate  Hospital.  Specialty,  Orthopedic  Surgery. 
Member  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

FITZPATRICK,  C.  B.,  350  West  Seventy-first  Street, 
New  York  City.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
New  York  (M.D.),  1890.    Interne  October,  1891- April, 

1892.  Member  Academy  of  Medicine  and  Pathological 
Society. 

156 


FLETCHER,  Norton  De  L.,  180  East  Ninety-third 
Street,  New  York  City,  born  October  11,  1876,  New  York 
City.  Columbia  (A.B.),  1899;  (M.D.),  1902.  Interne 
August,  1902— June,  1904. 

FLORES,  R.  G.  D.,  Costa  Rica.  Interne  April,  1870— 
October,  1872. 

FOOTE,  Sherman  Knevals,  207  West  One  Hundred  and 
Third  Street,  New  York  City,  born  January  5,  1874,  New 
York  City.  Yale  University  (A.B.),  1895;  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1899.  In- 
terne June,  1899— April,  1901.  Assistant  Surgeon, 
Roosevelt  Hospital,  O.P.D.  Formerly  Physician  Wilkes ' 
Dispensary.  Member  New  York  State  and  County  Med- 
ical Associations,  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hos- 
pital. 

FORD,  Charles  Milton,  523  West  One  Hundred  and 
Forty-fifth  Street,  New  York  City,  born  Belfast,  New 
York.  Hamilton  College  (A.B.),  1885;  (A.M.),  1888; 
University  of  New  York  (M.D.),  1888.  Interne  April, 
1888-October,  1889.  Dean  of  Faculty  and  Professor 
of  Anatomy  and  Histology,  New  York  Dental  School; 
Attending  Surgeon,  Randall's  Island  Hospital.  For- 
merly Instructor  in  Anatomy  and  Surgery,  University 
Medical  College.  Member  New  York  County  Medical 
and  Physicians'  Mutual  Aid  Societies.  Society  Alumni 
City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

FORD,  Willard  Ellis,  Utica,  New  York,  born  Belfast, 
New  York.  Madison  University  (A.M.),  University  of 
New  York  (M.D.),  1872.  Interne  February,  1872— Octo- 
ber, 1873.  Medical  Director,  St.  Luke's  Hospital.  Spe- 
cialty, Gynecology.  Formerly  Assistant  Physician,  New 
York  State  Hospital  for  Insane.  Member  American  Gyne- 
cological, American  Climatological  and  American  Elec- 
tro-therapeutical Associations,  and  State,  County,  and 
City  Medical  Societies. 


157 


FORD,  A.  W.,  244  Clinton  Street,  Brooklyn,  New  York. 
University  of  New  York  (M.D.),  1872.  Interne  April, 
1872— April,  1873.  Member  American  and  New  York 
State  Medical  Associations. 

FORTUNE,  C.  A.,  Died  in  Cuba.  Interne  April,  1871- 
October,  1872. 

FOSTER,  Thomas  Gardner,  Assistant  Surgeon,  United 
States  Navy,  bom  October  1,  1875,  Montgomery,  Ala- 
bama. University  of  Virginia  (M.D.),  1899.  Interne 
April,  1901— April,  1903.  Ex-Interne  Post-Graduate 
Hospital,  New  York. 

FRANK,  Simon  G.,  1885  Lexington  Avenue,  New  York 
City.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1893.  Interne  October,  1893— April,  1895. 

FRASER,  Roderick,  55  West  One  Hundred  and  Fourth 
Street,  New  York  City,  born  1870  Nova  Scotia.  St.  Fran- 
cis Xaviers  College  (B.A.),  1894;  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1897. 
Interne  June,  1897— December,  1898.  Assistant  Attend- 
ing Physician,  Bloomingdale  Clinic.  Ex-Interne  Lying-in 
Hospital.    Member  Physicians '  Mutual  Aid  Association. 

FREELAND,  John,  45  West  Thirty-second  Street,  New 
York  City.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1894.  Interne  June,  1895 
—December,  1896. 

FRENCH,  Charles  H.,  Pawtucket,  Ehode  Island,  born 
1859,  "Westbury,  Connecticut.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1880. 
Interne  April,  1880— April,  1882.  Ex-President  Provi- 
dence Medical  Association.  Formerly  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Medical  Director,  Ehode  Island  Militia.  Vice-President 
Providence  County  Savings  Bank.  Member  Connecti- 
cut Medical  Association;  Providence  Medical  Pawtucket 
Medical  and  American  Medical  Associations;  Ehode  Isl- 
and Medical  and  Medico-Legal  Society  of  Ehode  Island, 
Association  of  Military  Surgeons,  United  States. 

158 


FRIDENBERG,  Edward,  born  1855  New  York  City, 
died  December,  1903.  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, New  York  (M.D.),  1878.  Interne  April,  1878— 
October,  1879.  Member  Academy  of  Medicine,  American 
and  New  York  State  Medical  Associations;  American 
Laryngological,  Rhinological  and  Otological  Society; 
American  Otological  Society,  County  Society,  Ophthal- 
mological  Society,  Otological  Society,  Oplithalmological 
and  Aural  Surgeon,  German  Hospital. 

FULLILOVE,  Thomas  Weir,  Vaiden,  Mississippi,  born 
July  31,  1851,  Carroll  County,  Mississippi.  Emory  and 
Henry  College,  Virginia  (A.B.),  1872;  Bellevue  (M.D.), 
1875.  Interne  April,  1875— April,  1876.  Post-Graduate 
Study  at  New  York  Polyclinic.  Retired  from  active 
practice  in  1900.  Health  Officer.  Vice-President  and  Sec- 
retary Mississippi  State  Medical  Association;  Member 
American  Medical,  Mississippi  State  Medical,  and  Tri- 
State  Medical  Associations. 

GALL  AW  AY,  George  E.,  Rah  way,  New  Jersey,  born 
May  26,  1876,  Ancram,  New  York.  University  of  New 
York  (M.D.),  1898.  Interne  December,  1898— December, 
1899.  Member  American  Medical,  Union  County  Medical 
Society,  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

GARDINER,  Charles  Fox,  Colorado  Springs,  Colo- 
rado, born  October  12,  1857,  New  York  City.  Bellevue 
(M.D.),  1882.  Interne  September,  1882— October,  1883. 
President  United  States  Pension  Examining  Surgeons; 
Visiting  Staff,  St.  Francis  Hospital;  Ex-President  El 
Paso  County  Medical  Society.  Specialty,  Tuberculosis 
and  Climatology. 

GASTON,  J.  L.,  Montgomery,  Alabama.  Interne  April, 
1885-October,  1886. 

GAUNT,  Thomas  Townsend,  11  West  Twenty-sixth 
Street,  New  York  City,  born  September  29,  1857,  New 
York  City.    College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New 

159 


York  (M.D.),  1881.  Interne  October,  1881— April,  1882. 
Ex-Interne  Marion  Street  Maternity.  Formerly  Physi- 
cian-In-Chief, New  York  Eastern  and  Good  Samaritan 
Dispensaries;  Member  Medical  Society  Greater  New 
York. 

GILES,  Richard,  Cold  Spring,  New  York,  born  1861, 
New  York  City.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
New  York  (M.D.),  1882.   Interne  October,  1882- April, 

1884.  Consulting  Surgeon  Highland  Hospital,  Fishkill, 
New  York.  Post-Graduate  Study  at  Vienna,  Berlin  and 
Eotunda  Hospital,  Dublin. 

GILLAN,  Cuthbert,  Charlottesville,  Virginia,  born  No- 
vember 9,  1865,  Baltimore,  Maryland.  University  of  Vir- 
ginia (M.D.),  1887.  Interne  October,  1888- April,  1890. 
Member  Board  of  Health,  Austed,  West  Virginia.  Post- 
Graduate  Study  Polyclinic  and  Post-Graduate  Hospitals, 
New  York.  Formerly  Assistant  Surgeon,  United  States 
Navy;  Major  and  Surgeon,  West  Virginia  National 
Guard. 

GIFFEN,  Robert  Emmett,  Lincoln,  Nebraska.  Belle- 
vue  (M.D.),  1880.  Interne  October,  1880- April,  1882. 
Surgeon,  St.  Elizabeth's  Hospital;  Colonel  and  Surgeon, 
Nebraska  National  Guard.    Specialty,  Surgery. 

GILDAY,  A.  Lome  C,  7  Seymour  Avenue,  Montreal, 
Canada,  born  July  20,  1878.  McGill  University  (B.A.), 
(M.D.),  (CM.),  1900.  Interne  December,  1901-Decem- 
ber,  1903.  Ex-Interne  Euptured  and  Crippled  Hospital 
and  New  York  Lying-in  Hospital. 

GILLEY,  William  Cantine,  245  West  Eleventh  Street^ 
New  York  City,  born  August  23,  1851,  New  York  City. 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.), 

1885.  Interne  October,  1885— April,  1887.  Attending 
Surgeon,  New  York  Dispensary.  Clinical  Assistant,  Van- 

160 


derbilt  Clinic.  Formerly  Attending  Physician  Northern 
Dispensary.  Member  Physicians'  Mutual  Aid  and  New 
York  County  Medical  Society.  Society  Alumni  City 
(Charity)  Hospital.  (Founder.) 

GILLIAM,  J.  J.,  Interne  October,  1894— June,  1896. 

GLOVER,  F.  R.,  Mount  Vernon,  New  York.  Univer- 
sity of  New  York  (M.D.),  1885.  Interne  April,  1885- 
October,  1886. 

GOODALL,  Henry  S.,  Bennington,  Vermont,  born  May 
28,  1866,  at  Greensboro,  Vermont.  Williams  (A.B.), 
1887;  Columbian  University  of  Washington  (M.D.),  1890. 
Interne  October,  1890— April,  1892.  Formerly  Assistant 
Eye  and  Ear,  Emergency  Hospital,  Washington.  Mem- 
ber Vermont  State  Medical,  Bennington  County  Medical 
Societies. 

GOODWIN,  Chas  S.,  527  State  Street,  Bridgeport,  Con- 
necticut, born  November  10,  1873,  Westboro,  Connecticut. 
University  of  New  York  (M.D.),  1896.  Interne  June, 
1896— December,  1897.  Formerly  Interne,  New  York  Ly- 
ing-in Hospital.  Member  City,  State  and  County  Medical 
Societies. 

GORTON,  Orren  A.,  Sherburne,  New  York,  born  July 
30,  1849,  East  Lyme,  Connecticut.  University  of  New 
York  (M.D.),  1877.  Interne  October  1876- April,  1878. 
Retired  from  active  practice.  Formerly  Attending 
Northern  Dispensary  and  Lecturer  on  Medicine,  Univer- 
sity Medical  College,  New  York.  Ex-Member  New  York 
Academy  of  Medicine.  Member  Chenango  County  Medi- 
cal Society  (President  1903),  New  York  County  and  State 
Medical  Societies. 

GOTTHEIL,  William  S.,  144  West  Forty-eighth  Street, 
New  York  City,  born  Berlin,  Germany.  Cornell  University, 
1879;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1882.   Interne  October,  1882- April,  1883.  Vis- 

161 


iting  Dermatologist,  City  and  Lebanon  Hospitals.  Con- 
sulting Dermatologist  Beth  Israel  Hospital.  Formerly 
Professor  Dermatology,  New  York  School  of  Clinical 
Medicine,  and  Lecturer  on  Dermatology,  "New  York  Poly- 
clinic. Specialty,  Dermatology.  Author,  "  Illustrated 
Skin  Diseases;"  "  Syphilis,  Its  Diagnosis  and  Treat- 
ment "  Treatment  of  Skin  Cancers;  "  "  Normal  His- 
tology. ' '  Member  American  Medical  Association ;  County 
Medical  Association  and  Society;  Academy  of  Medicine, 
Harlem  Medical  and  Manhattan  Dermatological  Asso- 
ciation; Physicians '  Mutual  Aid  and  Eastern  Medical 
Societies. 

GOULEY,  L.  P.  G.,  Died  1878.  New  York  University 
(M.D.),  1868.  Interne  April,  1868- April,  1869. 

GRANDY,  Charles  Rollin,  Norfolk,  Virginia.  Univer- 
sity of  Virginia  (B.A.)  (M.D.),  1892.  Interne  October, 
1892— April,  1894.  Post-Graduate  Study  in  Germany. 
Attending  Physician,  St.  Vincent's  Hospital;  Ex-Interne 
Hudson  Street  Hospital,  New  York  City.  Formerly  Path- 
ologist to  St.  Vincent 's  Hospital,  New  York  City.  Mem- 
ber and  Ex-President  Norfolk  Medical  Society;  Eastport 
Medical  Society;  Medical  Society  of  Virginia  and  Ameri- 
can Medical  Association. 

GRAFSTROM,  Alex.  V.,  Jamestown,  New  York,  born 
September  30,  1858,  Sweden.  Orebro  College,  Sweden 
(B.S.),  1879;  Royal  Army  Academy,  Carlberg,  Sweden, 
1881;  University  of  New  York  (M.D.),  1893.  Interne 
December,  1895— June,  1897.  Attending  Physician,  Gus- 
tavus  Adolphus  Orphanage.  Specialty,  Diseases  of 
Throat  and  Lungs.  Formerly  Second  Lieutenant  Royal 
Grenadiers,  Swedish  Army;  Assistant,  Demilt  Dispen- 
sary, New  York.  Author  Text-book  on  Mechano  Therapy. 
Member  New  York  Physicians'  Mutual  Aid  Association. 

GRAVES,  Spencer  0.,  Interne  October,  1883— October, 
1884. 

162 


GREEN,  Edward  H.,  Medical  Inspector,  United  States 
Navy,  born  April  18,  1853,  Baltimore,  Md.  Calvert  Col- 
lege (B.A.),  1869;  University  of  Virginia  (M.D.),  1872. 
Interne  December,  1872— April,  1874.  Post-Graduate 
Study  New  York  Polyclinic  and  Bay  View  Hospital;  Sur- 
geon on  Greely  Relief  Expedition,  1894;  Member  Society 
Military  Surgeons. 

GREENWAY,  A.  W.,  Died  1897.  Interne  October, 
1892— April,  1894. 

GRICE,  Joseph,  Portsmouth,  Virginia.  Interne  Octo- 
ber, 1893— April,  1895. 

GUILLEN,  Mateo  W.,  Interne  December,  1899-De- 
cember,  1901. 

GUITERAS,  Ramon,  75  West  Fifty-fifth  Street,  New 
York.  Harvard  (M.D.),  1883.  Interne  October,  1885— 
April,  1887.  Consulting  Surgeon,  French  Hospital;  Vis- 
iting Surgeon,  City,  Columbus  and  Manhattan  Hospitals. 
Member  American  Medical,  New  York  State  Medical  As- 
sociations; Academy  of  Medicine;  New  York  County 
Medical  Society;  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospi- 
tal. (Founder;  President,  1889;  Vice-President,  1890- 
1901.) 

GUILSHON,  Joseph  John,  236  West  One  Hundred  and 
Twenty-second  Street,  New  York  City,  bom  January  17, 
1877,  Westchester,  Massachusetts.  Yale  University 
(M.D.),  1898.  Interne  June,  1898— December,  1899.  Ex- 
Interne,  New  York  Lying-in  Hospital. 

GUINLOCK,  W.  C,  Seaforth,  Ontario.  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1865.  Interne 
April,  1867— October,  1868.  Retired  from  practice  and 
entered  business. 

163 


HADDAD,  Risq.  G.,  84  State  Street,  Brooklyn,  New- 
York,  born  May  21,  1873,  Syria.  Syrian  Protestant  Col- 
lege (A.B.),  1891;  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1901;  New  York  Uni- 
versity (Ph.D.),  1903.  Interne  August,  1901— April, 
1903.  Formerly  Editor  Lissan  ul  Hal,  Beirut,  Syria. 

HAGAN,  H.  L.,  200  West  Seventy-sixth  Street,  New 
York  City.   University  of  New  York  (M.D.),  1886. 

HALL,  D.  M.,  Interne  June,  1894— December,  1895. 

HAMILTON,  W.  L.,  Interne  October,  1880- April,  1882. 
Ketired  from  practice;  now  in  the  real  estate  business. 

HAMLIN,  George  D.,  143  Kent  Street,  Brooklyn,  New 
York,  born  1868,  Naples,  New  York.  New  York  University 
(M.D.),  1883.  Interne  April,  1883-October,  1884.  Attend- 
ing Physician  University  Medical  College ;  Commissioner 
of  Education,  New  York  City.  Formerly  Board  of  Educa- 
tion, Brooklyn.  Attending  Physician,  Methodist  Hospi- 
tal. Fellow  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine.  Member 
Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

HANEY,  James  Parton,  500  Park  Avenue,  New  York 
City,  born  April  16,  1869,  New  York  City.  University 
of  New  York  (B.S.),  1888;  (M.D.),  1891.  Interne  March, 
1892— October,  1893.  President  Council  of  Supervisors 
and  Director  of  Manual  Training,  New  York  Public 
Schools.  Formerly  Lecturer  on  Medicine,  New  York 
University  School  of  Pedagogy.  Eetired.  Member  So- 
ciety Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

HARDIN,  Bernard  Lauriston,  1132  Connecticut  Ave- 
nue, Washington,  D.  C,  born  1870,  Virginia.  Military 
Institute  (B.S.),  1890;  Columbian  University  (M.D.), 
1895.  Interne  October,  1895— June,  1897.  Professor 
Physical  Diagnosis,  Columbian  University,  Washington; 
Chief  of  Dispensary,  Columbian  University  Hospital. 
Specialty,  Internal  Medicine.    Ex-Interne  Willard-Par- 

164 


ker  Hospital.  Member  Medical  Society  and  Medical  As- 
sociation, District  of  Columbia;  Clinical  and  Pathological 
Societies,  Washington. 

HARRINGTON,  De  Wolfe,  Deceased.  Interne  Octo- 
ber, 1866- October,  1867. 

HARRIS,  G.  W.,  Marshalltown,  Marshall  County, 
Iowa.  Interne  October,  1886— April,  1888. 

HARRISON,  Gessner,  63  West  Fifty-first  Street,  New 
York  City.  University  of  Virginia  (M.D.),  1889.  In- 
terne October,  1890— April,  1892.  Formerly  Inspector 
Health  Department  and  Attending  Physician,  Northwest- 
ern Dispensary.  Member  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity) 
Hospital. 

HARRISON,  Stephen  Decatur,  Cornwall  on  Hudson, 
New  York.  Yale  University  (B.A.),  1876;  University  of 
New  York  (M.D.),  1879.  Interne  April,  1879— October, 
1880.  Consulting  Physician,  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  New- 
ark. Formerly  Physician,  Northeastern  Dispensary, 
Eoosevelt  Hospital,  0.  P.  D.,  Bellevue  Dispensary.  Mem- 
ber Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

HARRISON,  Henry  William,  Eoanoke,  Virginia,  born 
September  15,  1849,  Virginia.  Bellemont  Academy 
(B.A.),  1873.  Eichmond  Medical  College  (M.D.),  1882. 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York,  1884. 
Interne  April,  1884— October,  1886.  Attending  Physi- 
cian, Eoanoke  Hospital;  Ex-President  Board  of  Health; 
Medical  Society  of  Virginia  and  Eoanoke.  Formerly 
Lieutenant  of  Artillery,  United  States  Army. 

HARRISON,  William  H.,  Interne  April,  1864- April, 
1865. 

HAWES,  Walker  Aylett,  787  Lexington  Avenue,  New 
York  City,  born  March  27,  1840,  David  County,  Canada. 
University  of  Virginia  (M.D.),  1866.    Interne  October, 

165 


1866— October,  1867.  Formerly  Visiting  Physician, 
Almshouse  and  Workhouse  Hospital;  Assistant,  New 
York  Polyclinic.  Member  Davis  County  Medical  Society. 

HAZEN,  Allen,  born  May  12,  1867,  Jericho,  Vermont, 
died  November,  1903,  in  New  York  City.  University  of 
Vermont  (A.B.),  1888;  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, New  York  (M.D.),  1895.  Interne  April,  1895— De- 
cember, 1896. 

HAZEN,  Henry  Comstock,  66  West  Fifty-sixth  Street, 
New  York  City,  born  September  26,  1867,  Haddock,  Con- 
necticut. College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1891.  Interne  April,  1891-October,  1892.  At- 
tending Physician,  New  York  Infant  Asylum;  Attending 
Podiatrist,  Columbus  Hospital;  Consulting  Physician, 
French  Hospital.  Specialty,  Pediatrics.  Ex-Interne  New 
York  Lying-in  Hospital.  Member  Academy  of  Medicine, 
County  Medical  and  Medico-Chirurgical  Societies.  So- 
ciety of  Medical  Jurisprudence ;  Greater  New  York  Medi- 
cal Association;  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

HEALY,  William  Charles,  346  West  Fifty-seventh 
Street.  New  York  City,  born  March  24,  1876,  Stratford, 
Connecticut.  Yale  University  (Ph.B.),  1896.  Johns  Hop- 
kins University  (M.D.),  1900.  Interne  August,  1900— 
August,  1902.  Assistant  Gynecologist,  Vanderbilt  Clinic. 
Specialty,  Gynecology.  Ex-Inteme  Roosevelt  Hospital. 
Member  Roosevelt  Hospital  Alumni.  Society  Alumni 
City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

HEGER,  Anton,  49  St.  Nicholas  Avenue,  New  York 
City.  University  of  Virginia  (M.D.).  1893.  Interne  Oc- 
tober, 1893— April,  1895.  Member  County  Medical  So- 
ciety. 

HELLER,  Theodore  Francis,  109  West  Eighty-eighth 
Street,  New  York  City,  born  March  1,  1861,  New  York 
City.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.).  Interne  October,  1883— April,  1885. 

166 


HERSCHEL,  J.  J.,  Interne  June,  1894— December, 
1895. 

HEWETT,  William  Beech,  227  Furman  Avenue, 
Brooklyn,  New  York,  born  March  23,  1852,  Albany,  New 
York.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1877.  Interne  October,  1877- April,  1879.  Ke- 
tired  from  practice  and  entered  banking  business.  Mem- 
ber Kings  County  Medical  Society. 

HEYDECKER,  Henry  R.,  61  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York 
City,  born  February  25,  1864,  New  York  City.  Trinity 
College  (A.M.),  1886;  Harvard  (A.B.),  1889;  (M.D.), 
1889.  Interne  October,  1889— April,  1891.  Genito-Urin- 
ary  Surgeon,  Post-Graduate  Hospital.  Formerly  Acting 
Assistant  Surgeon,  United  States  Army.  Member  Massa- 
chusetts Medical  Society;  County  Medical  Society  and 
Academy  of  Medicine. 

HIGLEY,  Henry  A.,  227  Park  Avenue,  Brooklyn,  New 
York.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  (M.D.),  1888. 
Interne  October,  1888— April,  1890. 

HILL,  Edwin  Wilkinson,  600  Doan  Street,  Glenville, 
Ohio,  born  June  19,  1848,  Rochdale,  England.  Univer- 
sity of  New  York  (M.D.),  1874.  Interne  April,  1874- 
April,  1875.  Health  Officer,  Salem,  New  York.  Member 
Washington  County  Medical  Society;  Academy  of  Medi- 
cine. 

HILL,  Edmund  Y.,  Ill  West  Seventy-first  Street,  New 
York  City.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1889.  Interne  April,  1889 
—October,  1890.   Member  County  Medical  Society. 

HILLYER,  Joseph  H.,  Interne  October,  1876-April, 
1878. 

HITCHCOCK,  DeWitt,  South  Oxford,  New  York.  Uni- 
versity of  New  York  (M.D.),  1876.  Interne  October,  1876 
April,  1878.  Practiced  in  Long  Island  City,  where  he  was 
Police  Surgeon  until  1891. 

167 


HITCHCOCK,  Urban  G.,  51  West  Twenty-ninth  Street, 
New  York  City,  born  February  24,  1845,  North  Wayne, 
Maine.  University  of  New  York  (A.B.),  1865;  (A.M.), 
1868.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1869.  Interne  April,  1869 -April,  1870.  Sur- 
geon Throat  Department,  New  York  Eye  and  Ear  In- 
firmary. Formerly  Attending  Surgeon,  New  York  Dis- 
pensary; Assistant  Surgeon,  New  York  Orthopedic  Hos- 
pital. Dispensary  Instructor  in  Laryngology  Vanderbilt 
Clinic.  Specialty,  Laryngology.  Member  American 
Laryngological,  County  Medical,  State  Medical  Societies ; 
Academy  of  Medicine. 

HODGSON,  John  H.  R.,  29  Washington  Square,  New 
York  City.  University  of  Virginia  (M.D.),  1888;  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1889. 
Interne  April,  1889— October,  1890.  Physician,  New  York 
Hospital,  0.  P.  D.;  Assistant  Dermatologist,  Vanderbilt 
Clinic.  Member  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hos- 
pital. 

HOFFMAN,  Oscar,  566  South  Thirty-eighth  Street, 
Omaha,  Nebraska.   Interne  October,  1875— April,  1877. 

HOLLO  WAY,  James  Hillyer,  Assistant  Surgeon, 
United  States  Navy,  Navy  Yard,  Brooklyn,  born  June 
21,  1873,  Winchester,  Kentucky.  Wesslyn  College 
(B.S.),  1894;  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1897.  Interne  June,  1897 
—December,  1898.  Formerly  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon, 
United  States  Army. 

HOLLADAY,  Gray  Goodwin,  Portsmouth,  Virginia. 
Bellevue  (M.D.),  1893.  Interne  October,  1893— April, 
1895.  Coroner,  City  of  Portsmouth.  Member  Medical 
Society  of  Virginia  and  Norfolk  Medical,  Seaboard  Medi- 
cal Societies. 

HOLMES,  W.  C,  Deceased.  Interne  October,  1879- 
April,  1881. 

168 


HOLSTEN,  George  Dedric,  Died  August,  1896.  Uni- 
versity of  New  York  (M.D.),  1882.  Interne  June,  1881 
—October,  1883.  Dermatologist,  Brooklyn  Throat  Hos- 
pital; Brooklyn  Eastern  District  Hospital. 

HOUGH,  Perry  Bartlette,  123  East  Seventy-sixth 
Street,  New  York  City,  born  February  27,  1874,  Alimont, 
Michigan.  University  of  New  York  (B.S.),  1896;  Belle- 
vue  (M.D.),  1899.  Interne  December,  1899-April,  1901. 
Clinical  Assistant,  Ophthalmology,  New  York  Eye  and 
Ear  Infirmary  and  New  York  Polyclinic.  Ex-Interne  New 
York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary.  Specialty,  Diseases  of  the 
Eye.   Member  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

HOWARD,  C.  Norman,  1936  Cincinnati  Street,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  born  September  23,  1875,  Bethlehem,  Pa. 
Columbian  University  (M.D.),  1898.  Interne  April,  1900 
—August,  1902.  Specialty,  Eye  and  X-ray.  Member 
Medical  Association  of  District  of  Columbia  and  Society 
Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

HOYT,  W.  G.   Interne  April,  1882-October,  1883. 

HUBER,  John  Bessner,  44  East  Sixty-fourth  Street, 
New  York  City.  Hamilton  College  (B.A.),  1887;  (M.A.), 
1890;  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1889;  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1890.  Interne  April,  1889 
—April,  1891.  Assistant  Surgeon  and  Captain  12th  Kegi- 
ment,  National  Guard,  New  York.  Attending  Vander- 
bilt,  Eoosevelt  and  New  York  Hospital  Dispensaries. 
Specialty,  Internal  Medicine.  Formerly  Coroner's  Phy- 
sician, New  York  County.  Author,  "  Eecognition  and 
Prevention  of  Disease. ' '  Member  New  York  County  Med- 
ical Society;  Academy  of  Medicine;  Society  of  Medical 
Jurisprudence. 

HUGHES,  Henry,  Long  Branch,  New  Jersey,  born 
Mount  Alto,  Pa.,  1848.  Pennsylvania  State  College,  1868; 
Cornell  University  (M.D.),  1869;  College  of  Physicians 

169 


and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1873.  Interne  October, 
1873— April,  1875.  Post-Graduate  Study  in  London  and 
Paris,  1879.  Formerly  Attending  Physician,  Monmouth 
Memorial  Hospital.   Member  County  Medical  Society. 

HUGHES,  John  Lawrence,  21  Archer  Avenue,  Mount 
Vernon,  New  York,  born  October  20,  1876,  New  York 
City.  College  of  Physicans  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1899.  Interne,  December,  1899— December,  1901. 
Ex-Interne  New  York  Infant  Asylum.  Specialty,  Gyne- 
cology and  Pediatrics.  Member  Mount  Vernon  Medical 
Society;  Medical  Society  of  Westchester  County;  Society 
Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

HULL,  Marion  McHenry,  Atlanta,  Georgia,  bom 
Athens,  Georgia,  February  9,  1872.  B.S.,  1891;  M.S., 
1892;  M.D.,  1895.  Interne  December,  1895- June,  1897. 
Pediatrist  to  Sheltering  Arms;  Visiting  Surgeon  and 
Chairman  Medical  Board,  Presbyterian  Hospital.  Spe- 
cialty, Pediatrics.  Member  State  Medical  Association; 
Medical  Society  Presbyterian  Hospital. 

HUNTINGTON,  H.  R.,  Died  1897.  Interne  April,  1871 
-October,  1872. 

HUSTACE,  Frank,  413  Madison  Avenue,  New  York 
City,  born  September  6,  1850,  New  York  City.  Columbia 
University  (A.B.),  1871;  (A.M.),  1874;  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1874.  Interne 
October,  1873— April,  1875.  Ex-Interne  Woman's  Hos- 
pital. Formerly  Attending  Physician,  New  York,  East- 
ern and  Northern  Dispensaries.  Member  County  Medical 
Society;  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

HUTCHINSON,  Henry  Sinclair,  15  Grand  Boulevarde, 
Binghamton,  New  York.  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, New  York  (M.D.),  1893.  Interne  April,  1893— 
October,  1894.  Member  Broome  County  Medical  Society. 

170 


IRWIN,  James  Scales,  Danville,  Virginia,  born  June 
9,  1867,  Reidsville,  North  Carolina.  University  of  Vir- 
ginia (M.D.),  1893.  Interne  October,  1893— April,  1895. 
Post-Graduate  Study,  New  York  Polyclinic.  Visiting 
Physician,  Danville  General  Hospital.  Ex-President 
Danville  General  Hospital.  Ex-President  Danville  Acad- 
emy of  Medicine;  Member  Virginia  State  Medical  and 
Tri-State  Medical  Associations. 

IVES,  Francis  Joseph,  United  States  Army,  born  July 
19,  1857,  Boston,  Massachusetts.  University  of  Virginia 
(M.D.),  1878.  Interne  April,  1879-October^  1880.  Major 
and  Surgeon,  United  States  Army.  Chief  Sanitary  In- 
spector Provinces  Matanzas  and  Santa  Clara,  Cuba. 
Chief  Surgeon  China  Eelief  Expedition,  1900-1901.  Mem- 
ber Association  Military  Surgeons,  United  States. 

INCHES,  Charles,  Scribner,  Nebraska.  University  of 
New  York  (M.D.),  1868.  Interne  October,  1868-Octo- 
ber,  1869.  Ex-President  Nebraska  State  Medical  Society. 

INCHES,  Peter,  Interne,  October,  1865 -October,  1866. 

JARECKY,  Herman,  115  West  One  Hundred  and 
Twenty-first  Street,  New  York  City,  born  June  13,  1863, 
New  York  City.  University  of  New  York  (A.B.),  1883; 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.), 
1886.  Interne  October,  1886 -April,  1888.  Visiting 
Otologist,  Harlem  Hospital;  Ophthalmic  Surgeon,  Syden- 
ham Hospital;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Manhattan  Eye  and 
Ear  Hospital.  Specialty,  Eye,  Ear,  Nose  and  Throat. 
Member  Academy  of  Medicine;  American  Medical  Asso- 
ciation; State,  County  and  Eastern  Medical  Associations; 
Harlem  Medical  Society;  Medical  Association  of  Greater 
New  York;  Alumni  Association  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  and  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hos- 
pital. 

JAYNE,  Walter  A.,  Denver,  Colorado,  born,  1853, 
Orange,  New  Jersey.  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons (M.D.),  1875.   Interne  June,  1874— October,  1875. 

m 


Ex-Interne  Hudson  Street  Hospital.  Post-Graduate 
Study  Johns  Hopkins  1892-1893.  Formerly  Professor  of 
Gynecology  University  of  Colorado  and  Denver  Medical 
College.  Gynecologist  to  Arapahoe  County  and  St.  Luke's 
Hospitals,  and  Professor  of  Gynecology  Denver  and  Gross 
College  of  Medicine.  Specialty,  Gynecology.  Member 
American  Medical  Association;  American  Climatological 
Association;  American  Association  of  Obstetrics  and 
Gynecology;  Colorado  State  Society,  City,  County,  Clini- 
cal and  Pathological  Societies  of  Denver. 

JEWETT,  Carleton  R.,  1299  Main  Street,  Buffalo,  New 
York,  born  March  5,  1852,  Moravia,  New  York.  Tule 
Academy  (B.A.),  1878;  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, New  York  (M.D.),  1881.  Interne  April,  1881— 
October,  1882.  Visiting  Physician,  Sisters  of  Charity  Hos- 
pital. Member  Erie  County  Medical  Society  and  Buffalo 
Academy  of  Medicine. 

JEWETT,  Charles  Sherman,  892  Main  Street,  Buffalo, 
New  York,  born  March  16,  1865,  Olympia,  New  York. 
Yale  University  (Ph.B.),  1887;  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1890.  Interne  April,  1890- 
October,  1891.  Post-Graduate  Study,  Dresden,  Vienna, 
Berlin  and  Prague,  1892-1899.  Visiting  Surgeon,  Erie 
County  Hospital;  Clinical  Pathologist,  Sisters  of  Charity 
Hospital;  Instructor  in  Obstetrics,  University  of  Buffalo. 
Member  Buffalo  Academy  of  Medicine;  Erie  County 
Medical  and  State  Medical  Associations;  Buffalo  Medical 
Society. 

JOBS,  N.  C,  died  1889.  Interne  April,  1874-October, 
1875. 

JOHNSTON,  Arthur  M.,  89  Kossuth  Avenue,  Utica, 
New  York,  born  December  1,  1873,  Utica,  New  York. 
University  New  York  City  (M.D.),  1896.  Interne  Decem- 
ber, 1896— June,  1898.  Visiting  Surgeon,  St.  Elizabeth's 
Hospital;  Member  Oneida  County  Medical  Society. 

172 


JOHNSON,  Harry  Dash,  Bretton  Hall,  Broadway,  85th 
and  86th  Streets,  New  York  City,  born  1876,  Jersey  City, 
N.  J.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1897.  Interne  December,  1897— 
June  1899.  Formerly  Physician  to  St.  John's  Guild,  New 
York.  Member  Newark  Medical  Society;  Society  Alumni 
City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

JOHNSON,  Richard  W.,  Major  and  Surgeon,  United 
States  Army,  born  January  15,  1855,  Fort  Duncan,  Texas. 
Princeton  University  (A.B.),  1876;  (A.M.),  1879;  Uni- 
versity of  New  York  (M.D.),  1879.  Interne  October, 
1879-April,  1881. 

JOHNSON,  Walter  Buckley,  Paterson,  New  Jersey, 
born  January  3,  1856.  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, New  York  (M.D),  1878.  Interne  October,  1879- 
April,  1880.  Visiting  Surgeon  Paterson  General  and  St. 
Joseph's  Hospitals;  Surgeon  Paterson  Eye  and  Ear  In- 
firmary. Formerly  Assistant  Diseases  of  the  Eye,  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York;  Manhattan  Eye 
and  Ear  Infirmary;  House  of  Eelief.  Specialty,  Diseases 
of  the  Eye  and  Ear.  Member  American  Opthalmological 
and  American  Otological  Society;  Fellow  New  York 
Academy  of  Medicine.  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity) 
Hospital.    (Vice-President,  1897;  President,  1898.) 

JUDSON,  E.  A.,  Interne  April,  1879-October,  1880. 

KANE,  Arthur  M.,  349  West  Thirty-fourth  Street,  New 
York  City.  Columbia  (A.B.),  1888;  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1892.  Interne  October, 
1892— April,  1894.  Formerly  Assistant,  Medical  Depart- 
ment, Vanderbilt  Clinic;  Manhattan  Eye  and  Ear  Hospi- 
tal. Member  County  Medical  Society. 

KATZENBERG,  Meyer,  1315  Madison  Avenue,  New 
York  City,  born  June  9,  1863.  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1885.  Interne  April,  1886— 

173 


October,  1887.  Physician,  Mount  Sinai  Hospital,  0.  P.  D. 
Member  County  Medical  Society  and  Society  of  Medical 
Jurisprudence. 

KELLOGG,  W.  V.,  Interne  October,  1894- June,  1896. 

KELLY,  Henry  T.,  White  Plains,  New  York,  born  Jan- 
uary 11, 1875,  New  York  City.  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1898.  Interne  December, 
1898— August,  1900.  Visiting  Surgeon,  White  Plains  Hos- 
pital. Member  American  Medical  Association ;  New  York 
State  and  Westchester  County  Medical  Associations  and 
Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

KENNEDY,  J.  B.,  139  Fifth  Street,  Long  Island  City, 
New  York.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New 
York  (M.D.),  1886.   Interne  April,  1886-October,  1887. 

KENNEDY,  John  Miller,  168  WTest  Ninety-seventh 
Street,  New  York  City.  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, New  York  (M.D.),  1887.  Interne  October,  1887- 
April,  1889.  Assistant  Gynecologist,  Vanderbilt  Clinic. 
Member  County  Medical  Society  and  Society  Alumni  City 
(Charity)  Hospital.    (Vice-President,  1901.) 

KESSLER,  George  L.,  588  Bedford  Avenue,  Brooklyn, 
New  York,  born  1869,  New  York  City.  University  of  New 
York  (M.D.),  1897.  Interne  June,  1897— December,  1898. 
Visiting  Surgeon  and  Pathologist,  Eastern  District  Hos- 
pital of  Brooklyn.  Member  Kings  County  Medical  So- 
ciety. 

KIMBALL,  Duane,  Interne  December,  1899— April, 
1900.  Died  while  on  duty,  April,  1900. 

KINNEY,  Alfred  Coleman,  259  Commercial  Street,  As- 
toria, Oregon,  born  January  30,  1850,  West  Chehalem, 
Oregon.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1872.  Interne  October,  1870- 
April,  1872.    Mayor  of  Astoria.    Post-Graduate  Study, 

174 


New  York  Polyclinic,  1900.  Formerly  Surgeon-in-Chief, 
St.  Vincent 's  Hospital,  Portland ;  Medical  Director,  Ore- 
gon National  Guard.  Vice-President  Astoria  and  Colum- 
bia River  Railroad.  First  President  Oregon  State  Medi- 
cal Society;  Vice-President  Oregon  State  Board  of  Health. 
Member  Clatsop  County  Medical  and  Oregon  State  Medi- 
cal Societies. 

KINNEY,  Augustus  C,  Astoria,  Oregon,  born  July  26, 
1845,  Muscatine,  Iowa,  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1870.  Interne 
April,  1870- October,  1871.  State  Health  Officer  1878- 
1882.  Formerly  Physician-in-Charge,  St.  Mary's  Hospi- 
tal. Specialty,  Diseases  of  the  Lungs.  Post-Graduate 
Study  in  Chicago  1891. 

KLOTZ,  Walter  Carl,  126  West  Forty-fifth  Street, 
New  York  City,  born  July  29,  1875,  New  York  City.  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1898. 
Interne  June,  1898— December,  1899.  Post-Graduate 
Study,  Germany,  1899-1900.  Assistant  Surgeon,  Roose- 
velt Hospital,  O.  P.  D.  Attending  Genito-Urinary  Sur- 
geon, Cornell  University  Medical  School  Dispensary. 
Member  New  York  County  and  German  Medical  Socie- 
ties; Physicians  Mutual  Aid  Association;  Society  Alumni 
City  (Charity)  Hospital.  (Treasurer,  1904-1905.)  Col- 
laborator Medical  Review  of  Reviews  and  Journal  for 
Cutaneous  Diseases. 

KNICKERBOCKER,  George  S.,  145  West  One  Hun- 
dred and  Twenty-eighth  Street,  New  York  City.  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1876.  In- 
terne April,  1875— October,  1876. 

KNIGHT,  William  Ward,  96  Trumbull  Street,  Hart- 
ford, Connecticut,  born  September  15,  1852,  Choplin,  Con- 
necticut. University  of  New  York  (M.D.),  1876.  Interne 
September,  1875— October,  1876.  Visiting  Physician 
Hartford  Hospital.  Hartford  Medical  Society  and  Asso- 
ciation of  Life  Insurance  Directors. 


175 


KOHN,  Albert,  122  East  Fifty-eighth  Street,  New  York 
City,  born  1869.  (A.B.),  1888;  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1891.  Interne  October, 
1891— April,  1893.  Adjunct  Professor  Clinical  Medicine, 
New  York  Polyclinic;  Adjunct  Visiting  Physician,  Mount 
Sinai  Hospital.  Member  Harlem  Medical,  County  Med- 
ical, Metropolitan  Medical  Societies;  New  York  State 
Medical,  American  Medical  Associations,  and  German 
Medical  Society. 

KOHN,  Samuel,  13  East  Seventy-fifth  Street,  New  York 
City.  University  of  New  York  (M.D.),  1876.  Interne 
April,  1876— October,  1878.  Chief,  Department  Nose, 
Throat  and  Ear,  German  Polyclinic.  President  Board 
of  Directors,  Sanitarium  for  Hebrew  Children.  Formerly 
Visiting  Physician,  St.  Mark  's  Hospital.  Member  Acad- 
emy of  Medicine;  County  Medical;  Physicians'  Mutual 
Aid  Associations ;  German  Polyclinic  and  German  Medical 
Societies. 

LANDSMAN,  Samuel  Marks,  220  East  Nineteenth 
Street,  New  York  City,  born  May  10,  1866,  New  York 
City.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1889.  Interne,  April,  1889-October,  1890.  For- 
merly Assistant  Surgeon  Eandall  ?s  Island  Hospital ;  Sur- 
geon East  Side  Dispensary;  Lecturer  on  Surgery,  Post- 
Graduate  Medical  School.  Member  New  York  County, 
New  York  State  and  Eastern  Medical  Societies;  New 
York  State  Medical  Association. 

LAREW,  John  J.,  1110  North  Carson  Avenue,  St.  Louis, 
Missouri.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1875.  Interne  April,  1875— 
April,  1876.  Professor  Surgical  Anatomy  and  Clinical 
Surgery  and  Secretary  of  Faculty,  Beaumont  Hospital 
Medical  College. 

LEE,  Charles  Rowe,  Fulton,  New  York,  born  April  15, 
1856,  Phoenix,  New  York.  University  of  New  York 
(M.D.),  1878.  Interne,  April,  1877-April,  1878.  Retired 

176 


from  practice  in  1898.  Formerly  President  Oswego 
County  Medical  Society;  Physician  to  Batopilas  Mining 
Company,  Mexico.  Member  Oswego  County,  New  York 
State  Medical  and  American  Medical  Associations. 

LEIPZIGER,  Henry  A.,  Burlington,  Iowa,  born  April 
3,  1859,  New  York  City.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1881.  Interne 
October,  1882 -April,  1884.  Surgeon  Chicago,  Eock  Isl- 
and &  Pacific  Eailroad.  Formerly  Health  Officer,  Pension 
Examiner  and  Surgeon,  St.  Francis  Hospital;  Lecturer 
on  Surgery,  Training  School,  Burlington  Hospital;  Gen- 
eral Medicine,  Iowa  State  University.  Specialty,  Sur- 
gery. Member  American  Medical  and  Iowa  Medical  As- 
sociations; Eastern  Iowa  and  Des  Moines  Medical 
Societies. 

LENEY,  John  M.,  Winnipeg,  Canada,  born  Montreal, 
Canada,  1877.  McGill  University  (B.A.),  1896;  (Ph.D.), 
1897;  (M.D.),  (CM.),  1901;  (L.R.C.P.),  (M.B.C.S.),  Lon- 
don, 1903.  House  Surgeon  Guy's  Hospital,  London,  June, 
1901— June,  1902.  Specialty,  Brain  Surgery.  Interne 
June,  1901 -September,  1903. 

LEON,  Alexis  Marcy,  79  East  Fifty-sixth  Street,  New 
York  City,  born  March  25,  1857;  Manhattan  College,  New 
York  City  (A.B.),  1875;  (A.M.),  1878;  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1878.  Interne 
April,  1878— October,  1879.  Formerly  Consulting  Physi- 
cian, French  Hospital;  Attending  Physician,  Northeast- 
ern and  Northwestern  Dispensaries.  Member  New  York 
County,  Manhattan  Medical  and  Surgical  Societies,  and 
Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

LEONARD,  Charles  Henry,  154  Broad  Street,  Provi- 
dence, Ehode  Island.  Yale  University  (A.B.),  1865; 
(A.M.),  1871;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New 
York  (M.D.),  1868.  Interne  April,  1868-October,  1869. 
Consulting  Physician,  Providence  Lying-in  Hospital;  For- 

177 


merly  Physician  to  State  Workhouse  and  Insane  Hospi- 
tal, Cranston;  Physician,  Providence  Keform  School 
Pathologist,  Ehode  Island  Hospital.  Ex-President  Provi- 
dence Medical  Association. 

LEVY,  Henry,  born  February  14,  1857,  New  York  City, 
died  May  5,  1904,  Perth  Araboy,  New  Jersey.  College 
City  of  New  York  (A.B.),  1875;  (M.D.),  1878.  Interne 
April,  1878— October,  1879.  Surgeon,  Perth  Amboy  City 
Hospital;  Assistant  Sanitary  Inspector,  New  York  City. 

LINEHAN,  J.  B.,  Deceased.  Interne,  1876  to  April, 
1877. 

LITTLE,  Harry  Wilson,  Evansville,  Indiana,  born 
August  28,  1875,  Wabash,  Indiana.  Johns  Hopkins  Uni- 
versity (M.D.),  1900.  Interne  April,  1901— April,  1903. 
Post-Graduate  Study,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1900- 
1901.  Specialty,  Gynecology. 

LIVINGSTON,  Ernest  Perry,  189  Convent  Avenue, 
New  York  City,  bom  July  31,  1864,  New  Haven,  Connec- 
ticut. University  of  New  York  (M.D.),  1892.  Interne 
June,  1897— October,  1898.  Post-Graduate  Study,  Lying- 
in  Hospital.  Member  County  Medical  Society;  Greater 
New  York  Medical  Association;  Society  Alumni  City 
(Charity)  Hospital. 

LUDBROOK,  W.  Wallis,  426  Lenox  Avenue,  New  York 
City.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1895.  Interne  April,  1895- 
December,  1896. 

LYDSTON,  G.  Frank,  100  State  Street,  Chicago,  Illi- 
nois, born  March  3,  1858,  California.  Interne  October, 
1879— April,  1881.  Professor  Genito-Urinary  Surgery, 
Illinois  State  University;  Surgeon,  St.  Mary's  and  Sama- 
ritan Hospitals.  Author  Text-book  on  Genito-Urinary 
Surgery.  Member  Chicago  Medical  Society  and  Ameri- 
can Medical  Association. 

178 


LYLE,  Alexander,  1043  Madison  Avenue,  New  York 
City,  born  February  9,  1866,  New  York  City.  University 
of  New  York  (M.D.),  1888.  Interne  October,  1888- April, 
1890.  Adjunct  Professor  of  Surgery,  New  York  Polyclinic. 
Formerly  Assistant  Surgeon,  Presbyterian  Hospital, 
O.  P.  D.  Specialty,  Surgery.  Member  American  Medical 
Association;  Lenox  Medical  Society;  Ex-President  Clini- 
cal Society,  New  York  Polyclinic;  Society  Alumni  City 
(Charity)  Hospital.  (Secretary,  1893;  Vice-President, 
1903;  President,  1904.) 

LYNCH,  Charles  Francis,  Springfield,  Massachusetts, 
born  August  18,  1871,  Waltham,  Massachusetts.  Univer- 
sity of  New  York  (M.D.),  1897.  Interne  June,  1897-De- 
cember,  1898.  Attending  Surgeon,  Mercy  Hospital.  Mem- 
ber Massachusetts  Medical  Society;  American  Medical 
Association;  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

LYNDE,  Nathaniel  White,  55  West  Ninety-first  Street, 
New  York  City,  born  January  4,  1859,  West  Brookfield, 
Massachusetts.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New 
York  (M.D.),  1885.   Interne  October,  1885- April,  1887. 

LYON,  E.  R.,  Deceased.  Interne  April,  1884— October, 
1886. 

LYTTLE,  H.  T.,  died  December  1,  1891.  Interne 
October,  1877— April,  1879. 

McAULIFFE,  George  B.,  57  East  Sixty-fifth  Street, 
New  York  City,  born  September  20,  1864,  New  York  City. 
College  City  of  New  York  (A.B.),  1885;  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1888.  Interne 
April,  1888-October,  1889.  Adjunct  Professor  Otology, 
New  York  Polyclinic;  Throat  Surgeon,  Metropolitan 
Throat  Hospital;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Manhattan  Eye  and 
Ear  Hospital;  Oculist  to  Harlem  Hospital  and  Mothers' 
Home  and  Red  Cross  Hospitals;  Consulting  Aurist,  Metro- 

179 


politan  Hospital.  Specialty,  Eye,  Ear,  Nose  and  Throat. 
Member  American,  State  and  County  Medical  Associa- 
tions; State  Medical  Society;  Society  for  the  Relief  of 
Widows  and  Orphans  of  Medical  Men,  and  Physicians ' 
Mutual  Aid  Society;  Celtic,  Harlem,  Eastern,  Polyclinic 
and  Medico-Chirurgical  Societies;  Society  Alumni  City 
(Charity)  Hospital. 

McBRIDE,  James  H.,  Pasadena,  Calfornia,  born  Janu- 
ary 23,  1849.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1873.  Interne  October, 
1872— April,  1874.  Dean  of  the  Medical  Department, 
Southern  California  University.  Formerly  Professor  of 
Neurology,  Chicago  Polyclinic,  and  Superintendent  Mil- 
waukee Hospital  for  Insane;  Superintendent  Milwaukee 
Sanitarium  for  Mental  and  Nervous  Diseases.  Member 
American  Medical,  American  Medical-Psychological, 
American  Climatological,  and  Neurological  Associations ; 
State  Medical  and  California  Medical  Societies ;  Southern 
California  Medical  Association. 

McOABE,  John,  78  Washington  Place,  New  York  City, 
born  July  26, 1878,  New  York  City.  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1902.  Interne  August, 
1902— June,  1904.  Resident  Physician  Nursery  and 
Childs'  Hospital. 

McOAFFERTY,  John  Aloysius,  205  West  One  Hun- 
dred and  Ffth  Street,  New  York  City,  born  June  21,  1874. 
Manhattan  College,  New  York  (A.B.),  1895;  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1899.  In- 
terne June,  1899— April,  1901.  Medical  Inspector,  De- 
partment of  Health,  New  York  City.  Society  Alumni 
City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

MCCARTHY,  P.  F.,  Marlborough,  Massachusetts.  In- 
terne April,  1891 -October,  1892. 

McCARTNEY,  G.,  Toronto,  Canada.  Interne  Decem- 
ber, 1901— September,  1903. 

180 


McCHESNEY,  Joseph  Quincy,  Plumas  County,  Califor- 
nia, born  April  1,  1858,  Columbia,  California.  Hamilton 
College  (A.B.),  1880;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
New  York  (M.D.),  1881.  Interne  October,  1881-October, 
1882.  Visiting  Surgeon,  Plumas  Infirmary. 

McDERMOTT,  James,  225  East  Fourteenth  Street,  New 
York  City,  born  July  6,  1870,  Ireland.  College  of  Phar- 
macy, New  York,  1889;  University  of  New  York  (M.D.), 
1893.  Interne  October,  1893 -April,  1895.  Member  So- 
ciety Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

McGAY,  R.  J.,  61  East  Fifty-fourth  Street,  New  York 
City.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1868.   Interne  October,  1867 -October,  1868. 

McGILL,  E.  Leavenworth,  Petersburg,  Virginia,  born 
May  12,  1875.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New 
York  (M.D.),  1901.  Interne  December,  1901— September, 
1903. 

McKINNEY,  J.  A.,  Interne  October,  1871 -April,  1873. 

McMANNIS,  Wm.  T.,  320  West  Forty-fifth  Street,  New 
York  City,  born  January  10,  1864,  Rochester,  New  York. 
Manhattan  College  (A.M.) ;  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1885.  Interne  October,  1885 
—April,  1887.  Instructor  in  Otology,  New  York  Poly- 
clinic; Assistant  Attending,  Metropolitan  Hospital;  Medi- 
cal Director,  Knights  of  Columbus.  Formerly  Inspector 
Health  Department,  New  York.  Ex-Interne,  Gouverneur 
Hospital.  Formerly  Attending  Children's  Clinic,  St. 
Mary's  Hospital.  Specialty,  Diseases  of  Nose,  Throat 
and  Ear.  Member  Celtic  Medical,  County  Medical,  Phy- 
sicians 9  Mutual  Aid  Societies. 

MACOMB,  Edward.  Interne  April,  1866-October,  1866. 

MAGHEE,  James  Minor,  Orange,  New  Jersey.  Yale 
University  (Ph.B.),  1884;  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, New  York  (M.D.),  1887.    Interne  April,  1887— 

181 


October,  1888.  Visiting  Physician,  Orange  Memorial  Hos- 
pital; Consulting  Physician,  Orange  Memorial  Dispen- 
sary. Member  New  Jersey  State  Medical  Society. 

MALLESON,  P.  H.,  Interne  October,  1884- April,  1886. 
Deceased. 

MALLETT,  Eugene  Pierre,  404  Bryant  Building,  Kan- 
sas City,  Missouri,  bom  New  York.  Hobart  College 
(B.S.);  Long  Island  Medical  College  (M.D.),  1889.  In- 
terne April,  1890— October,  1891.  Clinical  Professor 
Gynecology,  Medico-Chirurgical  College,  Kansas  City. 
Ex-Inteme  Roosevelt  Hospital;  Formerly  Junior  Gyne- 
cologist, Columbus  Hospital;  Gynecologist,  Vanderbilt, 
Columbus,  St.  Bartholomew  and  Harlem  Clinics;  and  In- 
structor in  Operative  Gynecology,  New  York  Post-Gradu- 
ate. Specialty,  Gynecology.  Member  New  York  County 
Medical,  West  End  Medical,  Virginia  Medical  and  Jack- 
son County  Medical  Societies;  Medical  Society  Greater 
New  York;  Roosevelt  Hospital  Alumni  and  Society 
Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital.  (Secretary,  1895,  96, 
97.) 

MALLETT,  George  Hooper,  144  West  Seventy-first 
Street,  New  York  City,  born  May  5,  1864,  Fayetteville, 
North  Carolina.  University  of  Virginia  (M.D.),  1885. 
Interne  September,  1887— April,  1889.  Assistant  Gyne- 
cologist, General  Memorial  Hospital;  Assistant  Surgeon, 
Harlem  Hospital;  Gynecologist,  Woman's  Hospital, 
0.  P.  D.,  and  Vanderbilt  Clinic.  Specialty,  Gynecology. 
Member  New  York  Obstetrical,  West  End  Medical  Socie- 
ties; Society  Alumni  Woman's  Hospital;  New  York 
County  Medical  Association;  Society  Alumni  City  (Char- 
ity) Hospital  (Vice-President,  1902;  President,  1902). 

MANGES,  Morris,  941  Madison  Avenue,  New  York 
City,  born,  1865,  New  York  City.  College  City  of  New 
York  (A.B.),  1884;  (A.M.),  1887;  College  of  Physicians 

182 


and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1887.  Interne  April, 
1887— October,  1888.  Professor  Clinical  Medicine,  New 
York  Polyclinic ;  Attending  Physician,  Mount  Sinai  Hos- 
pital; Post-Graduate  Study  Abroad,  1888-1889.  Formerly 
Attending  Physician,  Mount  Sinai  Dispensary.  Lecturer 
on  Diseases  of  the  Stomach,  New  York  Polyclinic.  Spe- 
cialty, Internal  Medicine.  Translator  and  Editor  Ameri- 
can Edition  Ewald's  "Diseases  of  the  Stomach/ '  Fellow 
Academy  of  Medicine;  New  York  County  Medical  Society 
and  New  York  State  Association;  Pathological,  German 
Medical,  Metropolitan,  Harlem  Medical  and  Medico-Chi- 
rurgical  Societies;  American  Medical,  American  Gastro- 
Enterological  Associations;  Society  Alumni  City  (Char- 
ity) Hospital. 

MANN,  John,  Petersburg,  Virginia,  born  September  6, 
1871,  Petersburg,  Virginia.  University  of  Virginia 
(M.D.),  1894.  Interne  December,  1895— June,  1897.  Ex- 
Interne  St.  Vincent's  Hospital,  Norfolk.  Formerly  City 
Physician,  Petersburg.  Member  American  Medical  Asso- 
ciation; Virginia  Medical  Association. 

MANNING,  A.,  70  Park  Avenue,  Plainfield,  New  Jer- 
sey. College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1883.  Interne  April,  1884-October,  1885.  For- 
merly City  Physician  and  Secretary  Board  of  Health. 

MARCUS,  Leopold,  1215  Madison  Avenue,  New  York 
City,  born  February  14,  1875,  New  York  City.  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1896.  In- 
terne, December,  1897— June,  1899.  Ex-Interne  St.  Fran- 
cis Hospital,  New  York.  Member  Society  Alumni  City 
(Charity)  Hospital. 

MARX,  Simon,  947  Madison  Avenue,  New  York  City, 
born  January  21,  1864.  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, New  York  (M.D.),  1884.  Interne  April,  1884- 
October,  1885.  Attending  Surgeon,  New  York  Maternity 

183 


Hospital;  Gynecologist,  Sydenham  Hospital.  Specialty, 
Obstetrics  and  Gynecology.  Member  American  Medical 
and  County  Medical  Societies;  Academy  of  Medicine. 

MARSTON,  Daniel  W.,  Died  June  9,  1901.  Bellevue 
(M.D.),  1898.    Interne  December,  1899 -August,  1900. 

MATTHEWS,  Frank  Cameron,  121  Lexington  Avenue, 
born  December  16, 1872,  Pearl  Creek,  New  York.  Leland 
Stanford,  Jr.,  University  (A.B.),  1897;  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1902.  Interne 
August,  1902-June,  1904. 

MAUPIN,  Edward  Griffith,  151  East  One  Hundred  and 
Twenty-seventh  Street,  New  York  City,  born  December 
18,  1850,  Portsmouth,  Virginia.  University  of  Virginia, 
1877;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1878.  Interne  October,  1878- April,  1880.  For- 
merly Physician-in-Chief,  Emigrant  Hospital,  Wards  Isl- 
and, April,  1880— October,  1881.  Member  American  and 
New  York  State  Medical  Associations;  Harlem  Medical 
Society. 

MAURY,  John  William  Draper,  264  West  Fifty-sev- 
enth Street,  New  York  City,  born  August  1,  1871,  New 
York  City.  Harvard  (B.S.),  1895;  University  of  New 
York  (M.D.),1898.  Interne  June  1,  1898— December  1, 
1899.  Assistant  Surgeon,  University  and  Bellevue  Dis- 
pensaries. Formerly  Instructor  in  Operative  Surgery, 
New  York  Polyclinic.  Member  American  Medical,  New 
York  State  Associations;  County  Medical  Society;  Society 
Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital  (Editor  1904). 

MAXWELL,  E.  A.,  Deceased.  Interne  April,  1869— 
April,  1870. 

MAYER,  Abraham,  40  East  Sixtieth  Street,  New  York 
City,  born  March  5, 1854,  New  York  City.  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1875.  Interne 

184 


October,  1875— October,  1876.  Attending  Physician,  Leb- 
anon Hospital.  Formerly  Attending  Physician,  Mount 
Sinai  Dispensary.  Specialty,  Diabetes  and  Diseases  of 
Metabolism.  Member  New  York  County  Medical,  Patho- 
logical, and  Metropolitan  Medical  Societies;  Physicians ' 
Mutual  Aid  Association;  Academy  of  Medicine;  State 
Medical  Association;  Medical  Association  Greater  New 
York. 

MEAD,  John  C,  Died  from  typhoid  fever  while  on 
duty,  August  24th,  1869. 

MEEKER,  Harold  D.,  41  West  Seventy-first  Street,  New 
York  City.  Interne  June,  1902— June,  1904. 

MEIROWITZ,  Philip,  202  West  One  Hundred  and 
Thirty-fifth  Street,  New  York  City,  born  1868,  New  York 
City.  College  of  City  of  New  York  (B.S.),  1887;  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1890. 
Interne  April,  1890-October,  1891.  Post-Graduate  Study 
in  Vienna,  Paris  and  Berlin.  Instructor  in  Neurology, 
New  York  Post-Graduate.  Formerly  Commissioner  of 
Education  New  York  City,  1895-1897.  Specialty,  Neu- 
rology. Member  County  Medical,  Neurological  Societies, 
and  Harlem  Medical  Association. 

MERRIAM,  Frank  Warren,  Died  September  16,  1900. 
University  of  New  York  (M.D.),  1880.  Interne  October, 
1880— April,  1881.  Practiced  in  New  York  City  for  three 
years,  and  was  connected  with  Northern  Dispensary. 

MERRIGAN,  Thomas  D.,  West  One  Hundred  and  Six- 
ty-Seventh Street,  and  Kingsbridge  Road,  New  York  City. 
University  of  New  York  (M.D.),  1887.  Interne  October, 
1887— April,  1889.  Ex-Interne  Gouverneur  Hospital. 
Member  American,  New  York  State  Medical  Associations ; 
Alumni  Society  Gouverneur  and  Society  Alumni  City 
(Charity)  Hospital. 

185 


MEYER,  Alfred  E.,  146  West  Ninety-fifth  Street,  New 
York  City,  born  Hoboken  New  Jersey,  August  27,  1867. 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.), 
1893.  Interne  April,  1893— October,  1894.  Assistant 
Surgeon,  New  York  Polyclinic.  Member  County  Medical 
Society,  Physicians '  Mutual  Aid  and  Society  Alumni  City 
(Charity)  Hospital. 

MEYER,  Joseph,  252  Vernon  Avenue,  Brooklyn,  New 
York,  born  October  2,  1854.  University  of  New  York, 
1872;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  (M.D.),  1877. 
Interne  October,  1876  —  April,  1878.  Post-Graduate 
Study  in  Europe.  Laryngologist,  St.  Catherine  's  and  Ger- 
man Hospital,  Brooklyn.  Specialty,  Eye,  Ear,  Nose  and 
Throat.  Member  Kings  County,  Brooklyn  and  German 
Medical  Societies. 

MEYER,  Leon  Leopold,  Masonic  Temple,  Memphis, 
Tennessee,  born  June  10,  1873,  Natchez,  Mississippi. 
Bellevue  (M.D.),  1897.  Interne  June,  1897— December, 
1898.  Visiting  Surgeon,  Memphis  City  Hospital;  Visit- 
ing Gynecologist,  St.  Joseph's  Hospital;  Visiting  Physi- 
cian, Orphan  Asylum.  Member  Memphis  Medical,  Tri- 
State  Medical  and  Tennessee  State  Medical  Societies; 
American  Medical  Association. 

MEYERS,  Joseph,  Died  while  on  duty  at  City  Hospi- 
tal, July  6th,  1871. 

MICHAELIS,  Ludwig  M.,  1090  Lexington  Avenue,  New 
York  City,  born  1863,  New  York  City.  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  New  York,  (M.D.),  1888.  Interne 
October,  1888— April,  1890.  Ex-Interne  Sloane  Maternity 
Hospital,  Formerly  Attending,  Mount  Sinai  Dispensary; 
Assistant  Editor  "  Medical  Critic."  Member  American 
Medical  and  New  York  County  Medical  Associations; 
Metropolitan,  Harlem  and  Eastern  Medical  Society;  Phy- 
sicians' Mutual  Aid  Association;  Society  Alumni  City 
(Charity)  Hospital. 

186 


MILLER,  Ansel  I.,  Brattleboro,  Vermont,  born  October 
15,  1857,  Dmnmerston,  Vermont.  Williams  (A.B.),  1881; 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.), 
1884.  Interne  April,  1884— April,  1885.  Member  Ameri- 
can Medical  Association;  Vermont,  Windham  County, 
Connecticut  River  Medical  Societies ;  Society  Alumni  City 
(Charity)  Hospital. 

MILROY,  William  Forsyth,  312  McCagne  Building, 
Omaha,  Nebraska,  born  December  28,  1855,  at  York,  New 
York.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1882.  Interne  October,  1882— October,  1884. 
Professor  Clinical  Medicine  and  Physical  Diagnosis,  Uni- 
versity of  Nebraska;  Visiting  Physician  Emanuel  Hos- 
pital, Omaha  and  Douglas  County  Hospitals.  Specialty, 
Internal  Medicine.  First  President  and  Member  Omaha 
Medical  Society;  Member  Nebraska  State  Medical  So- 
ciety; Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

MOORE,  Albertus  Adair,  48  East  Thirty-first  Street, 
New  York  City,  born  Camden,  South  Carolina,  June  26, 
1874.  University  of  the  South,  1895;  South  Carolina 
Medical  College,  1896.  Interne  June,  1896-June,  1898. 
Assistant  Attending,  Lying-in  Department,  New  York 
Post-Graduate  Hospital.  Instructor  in  Obstetrics,  Cor- 
nell Dispensary.  Ex-Interne  Lying-in  Hospital.  Mem- 
ber American  Medical,  New  York  State  Medical  Associ- 
ations; County  Medical  Society;  Society  Alumni  City 
(Charity)  Hospital. 

MOORE,  Bernard  Weiss,  3634  Washington  Avenue,  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  born  Lynchburg,  Virginia,  April  12,  1871. 
Washington  and  Lee  University  (A.B.),  1892;  University 
of  Virginia  (M.D.),  1894.  Interne  April,  1895-Decem- 
ber,  1896.  Visiting  Physician,  Martha  Parsons  Hospital 
for  Children;  Chief  of  Clinic,  Bethesda  Maternity.  Mem- 
ber St.  Louis  Medical,  Obstetrical  Society;  Bethesda  Pe- 
diatric Society. 


187 


MOORE,  William,  320  Broadway,  New  York  City. 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.), 
1884.  Interne  October,  1884— April,  1886.  Formerly 
Resident  Physician,  New  York  Hospital  for  Nervous  Dis- 
eases; Member  County  Medical  Society. 

MOORE,  William  Oliver,  42  East  Twenty-ninth  Street, 
New  York  City.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
New  York  (M.D.),  1872.  Interne  April,  1872— October, 
1873.  Summer  Eesidence,  Bayport,  L.  L,  Ophthalmic 
Surgeon,  Post-Graduate  and  Flushing  Hospitals.  Ex- 
Interne  New  York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary.  Formerly 
Assistant  Surgeon,  New  York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary; 
Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Eye,  University  of  Ver- 
mont; Women's  Medical  College,  New  York.  Charter 
Member  Post-Graduate;  Member  New  York  Medical, 
County  Medical  and  Ophthalmological  Societies.  Winner 
Joseph  Mathers  Prize,  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, 1878— 4  4  Physiological  and  Therapeutical  Effects 
of  Salicylic  Acid  and  Its  Compounds." 

MORALES,  Raphael,  Costa  Rica.  Interne  April,  1870 
-October,  1871. 

MORRISON,  William  Howe,  163  West  One  Hundred 
and  Fifth  Street,  New  York  City,  bom  December  15,  1868, 
St.  Johns,  New  Brunswick,  Canada.  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1892.  Interne 
October,  1892— April,  1894.  Assistant  Attending,  Eoose- 
velt  Dispensary.  Member  West  End  Medical,  New  York 
County  Medical  Societies;  New  York  State  and  Physi- 
cians' Mutual  Aid  Associations. 

MUNSON,  Alban  Elliot,  Davidson  Avenue  and  One 
Hundred  and  Eighty-fourth  Street,  New  York  City,  born 
April  28,  1874,  Palisades,  New  York.  University  of  New 
York  (B.S.),  1896;  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1899.  Interne  De- 
cember, 1899— April,  1901.  Phsician  to  Webbs  Academy 

188 


and  Home  for  Shipbuilders.  Specialty,  Surgery  and  Dis- 
eases of  Nose  and  Throat.  Member  New  York  State  and 
County  Medical  Associations,  Society  Alumni  City  (Char- 
ity) Hospital. 

MURRAY,  Eugene  W.,  493  Summer  Avenue,  Newark, 
New  Jersey.  Northeastern  University  (Ph.B.),  1895; 
Syracuse  University  (M.D.),  1898.  Interne  December, 
1898— December,  1899.  Assistant  Visiting  Physician, 
City  and  Babies  Hospital;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Women 
and  Children's  Hospital;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Nose  and 
Throat,  St.  Michaels  Hospital;  Member  Newark  Medical 
Society;  Practitioners'  Club;  Essex  County  Medical  So- 
ciety. 

MURTLAND,  Samuel,  14  West  Forty-seventh  Street, 
New  York  City,  born  March  15, 1850,  Ireland.  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1883.  In- 
terne April,  1883— October,  1884.  Formerly  Clinical  As- 
sistant in  Medicine,  New  York  Polyclinic.  Member  New 
York  State  and  County  Medical  Associations;  American 
Medical  Association;  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine. 

MUZZY,  Arthur  T.,  born  1851,  Madura,  India;  died 
March  4,  1902.  Amherst  (A.B.),  1874;  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1879.  In- 
terne April,  1880— October,  1881.  Visiting  Ophthalmol- 
ogist, Christ  Hospital,  Jersey  City,  and  Consulting 
Ophthalmologist,  Isabella  Heimath  Home,  New  York; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  New  York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary; 
Examining  Surgeon,  Department  of  Health,  New  York; 
Member  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital  (Treas- 
urer, 1890-1894;  Editor,  1898-1901;  President,  1902). 

MYERS,  Howard  Gillespie,  175  West  Seventy-third 
Street,  New  York  City,  born  March  2,  1862,  Mentz,  New 
York.  Princeton  (A.B.),  1885;  (A.M.),  1888;  Bellevue 
(M.D.),  1887.   Interne  April,  1887-October,  1888.  Ex- 

189 


Interne  Hospital  for  Euptured  and  Crippled;  Lecturer 
on  Operative  Surgery,  New  York;  Polyclinic,  1891-1900; 
Member  County  Medical;  West  End  Medical  Societies; 
Physicians  Mutual  Aid  Socity;  Alumni  City  (Charity) 
Hospital. 

NEFF,  J.  H.,  Harrisonburg,  Virginia,  born  October  11, 
1843,  New  Market,  Virginia.  Koanoke  College  (A.M.), 
1869;  University  of  Virginia  (M.D.),  1870;  University  of 
New  York  (M.D.),  1871.  Interne  April,  1871— October, 
1872.  Post-Graduate  Study,  New  York  City,  1892;  Mem- 
ber Board  of  Medical  Examiners;  Virginia  State  Board 
of  Health;  Virginia  Medical  Society. 

NEWBURGH,  J.  S.,  4500  Vincennes  Avenue,  Chicago, 
Illinois.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1884.  Interne  April,  1885- 
October,  1886. 

NEWMAN,  Alvah  M.,  110  West  Seventy-fifth  Street, 
New  York  City.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1889.  Interne  October, 
1889— April,  1891.  Ex-Interne  Roosevelt  Hospital; 
Gynecologist,  Eoosevelt  Dispensary.  Specialty,  Gynec- 
ology. Member  New  York  State  Medical  Association; 
Alumni  Society,  Eoosevelt  Hospital  and  Society  Alumni 
City  (Charity)  Hospital  (Secretary,  1899-1900). 

NEWTON,  Richard  Cole,  42  Church  Street,  Montclair, 
New  Jersey,  born  July  23,  1851,  Eoxbury,  Massachusetts. 
Harvard  (A.B.),  1874;  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, New  York  (M.D.),  1877.  Interne  October,  1877— 
April,  1879.  Visiting  Surgeon,  Mountainside  Hospital. 
Formerly  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.S.A.;  Physician,  Essex 
County  Penitentiary;  Ex-President,  Essex  County  Med- 
ical Society;  Member  Essex  District,  and  New  Jersey 
Medical  Societies;  American  Climatological  and  Ameri- 
can Medical  Associations;  Society  Eelief  Widows'  and 
Orphans '  Medical  Men;  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity) 
Hospital  (Vice-President,  1893;  President,  1895). 

190 


NOLAN,  Frank  W.,  died  Greenfield,  Massachusetts, 
1901.  Yale  University  (M.D.),  1898.  Interne  June,  1898 
-June,  1899. 

NORFLEET,  Ernest,  Roxobel,  North  Carolina.  Uni- 
versity of  Virginia  (M.D.),  1872.  Interne  October,  1872 
—April,  1874.  Formerly  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.S.N. 

NUTT,  C.  W.  Interne  October,  1872-April,  1874. 

O'BRIEN,  Dennis.  Interne  December,  1899— Decem- 
ber, 1901. 

O'BRIEN,  Michael  Christopher,  161  West  One  Hun- 
dred and  Twenty-second  Street,  New  York  City.  Man- 
hattan College  (A.B.),  1878;  (A.M.),  1881;  Bellevue 
(M.D.),1881.  Interne  April,  1881— October,  1882.  Physi- 
cian to  the  Academy  of  the  Sacred  Heart  and  the  Miseri- 
cordia  Hospital.  Member  American  Medical  Association 
and  Academy  of  Medicine. 

O'DWYER,  Joseph,  deceased.  Interne  October,  1866— 
April,  1868.  Formerly  Attending  Physician,  New  York 
Foundling,  St.  Vincent 's  and  Seton  Hospitals.  Originator 
of  Laryngeal  Intubation. 

O'DWYER,  J.,  359  West  Fifty-seventh  Street,  New 
York  City,  born  New  York  City,  1875.  Montreal  (B.A.), 
1896;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  (M.D.),  1900. 
Assistant  Attending  Children's  Department,  Vanderbilt 
Clinic;  Attending  Physician  St.  John's  Guild;  formerly 
Interne  New  York  Foundling  Hospital  and  St.  John's 
Guild  Hospital. 

OGILVY,  Charles,  125  West  Fifty-eighth  Street,  New 
York  City,  born  Montreal,  Canada.  McGill  University 
(B.A.),  1894;  (M.D.,  CM.),  1898.  Interne  June,  1899- 
April,  1901.    Adjunct  Professor,  Orthopedic  Surgery, 

191 


New  York  Post-Graduate;  Attending  Surgeon,  Randall 's 
Island,  New  York,  and  Daisy  Fields  Hospitals,  Engle- 
wood,  New  Jersey.  Specialty,  Orthopedic  Surgery.  Mem- 
ber County  Medical  Society;  Medical  Society  of  Greater 
New  York;  Academy  of  Medicine;  Society  Alumni  City 
(Charity)  Hospital. 

OLD,  Herbert,  Norfolk,  Virginia,  born  October,  8,  1871. 
University  of  Virginia  (M.D.),  1895.  Interne  October, 
1895— June,  1897.  Attending  Physician,  Florence  Crit- 
tenden Home;  Kings  Daughters '  Clinic  for  Children; 
Assistant  Attending  Physician,  St.  Vincent's  Hospital. 
Ex-Interne  Lying-in  Hospital  and  Foundling  Hospital, 
New  York;  Member  Norfolk  Medical,  Virginia  State 
Medical  Societies;  Eastport  Medical  Association  and 
American  Medical  Association. 

OPPENHEIMER,  Henry  S.,  16  East  Thirty-second 
Street,  New  York  City.  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, New  York  (M.D.),  1875.  Interne  April,  1876— 
October,  1877.  Ex-Interne  New  York  Eye  and  Ear  In- 
firmary. Oculist,  Bellevue,  O.P.D.;  St.  Mark's  Hospital; 
Montefiore  Home;  Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum  and  German 
Polyclinic.   Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

OPPENHEIM,  Nathan,  50  East  Seventy-ninth  Street, 
New  York  City,  born  Albany,  New  York,  1865.  Harvard 
(A.B.),  1888;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New 
York  (M.D.),  1891.  Interne" April,  1891— October,  1892. 
Neurologist,  Children's  Hospital  and  Schools;  Visiting 
Physician,  Mount  Sinai  Hospital,  Children 's  Department ; 
Member  American  Medical  and  State  Medical  Associa- 
tions; Academy  of  Medicine;  County  Medical  Society. 
Specialty,  Pediatrics.  Author,  "  Development  of  the 
Child,' '  "  Medical  Diseases  of  Childhood,"  "  Care  of  the 
Child  in  Health,"  "Mental  Growth  and  Control" 
(Macmillan). 

192 


OSBORN,  Joseph  Dunn,  Petersburg,  Virginia,  born 
February  12,  1873,  Petersburg,  Virginia.  University  of 
Virginia  (M.D.),  1895.  Interne  December,  1896— June, 
1898.  Visiting  Physician,  Home  for  the  Sick;  Post- 
Graduate  Study  in  Children's  Hospital,  London,  Member 
Petersburg  Medical  Faculty. 

OTTLEY,  Charles  Williams,  Rogers  College,  Constan- 
tinople, Turkey,  born  Columbus,  Mississippi,  February 
21,  1871.  Princeton  University  (A.B.),  1893;  (A.M.), 
1903;  Johns  Hopkins  (M.D.),  1899.  Interne  September, 
1900— March,  1902.  Director  Department  Physical  Cul- 
ture, Rogers  College.  Author  Anatomical  Chapter, 
' '  Kelly  's  Operative  Gynecology. ' ' 

OVERTON,  Frank,  Patchogue,  Long  Island,  New 
York,  born  December  29,  1867,  Bellport,  New  York.  La- 
fayette College  (A.B.)  1890;  (A.M.),  1893;  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1893.  In- 
terne April,  1893 -October,  1894.  Health  Officer,  Pat- 
chogue. Author  "  Applied  Physiology  for  Public 
Schools/'  Member  New  York  County  Medical  Society; 
Associated  Physicians  of  Long  Island;  New  York  State 
Medical  Association;  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hos- 
pital. 

PAINE  Albert  G.,  3964  Drexel  Boulevard,  Chicago, 
Illinois,  born  April  10,  1848,  East  Woodstock,  Connecti- 
cut. Amherst  College  (A.B.),  1872;  (A.M.)  1875;  Uni- 
versity of  New  York  (M.D.),  1877.  Interne  October,  1876 
—April,  1878.  Ketired  from  active  practice. 

PARDEE,  Edward  L.,  Died  January  11,  1901,  New 
York  City,  born  Eomulus,  New  York,  February,  1842. 
University  of  New  York  (M.D.),  1870.  Interne  October, 
1870— April,  1872.  Member  New  York  Board  of  Health 
1874-1894.  Ex-Member  New  York  County  Medical  So- 
ciety. 

PARTRIDGE,  Edward  Laselle,  19  Fifth  Avenue,  New 
York  City,  born  December 27, 1853,  Newton,  Massachusetts. 

193 


Williams  College  (A.M.,  Hon.),  1880;  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1875.  Interne 
April,  1873— October,  1874.  Consulting  Physician,  New 
York  Hospital,  Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital;  Con- 
sulting Obstetrician,  New  York  Infant  Asylum ;  President 
Medical  Board.  Formerly  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  New 
York  Post-Graduate;  Adjunct  Professor  Obstetrics,  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York;  Visiting 
Physician,  Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital,  New  York  Ma- 
ternity Hospital,  Sloane  Maternity  Hospital.  Author 
"Manual  of  Obstetrics  "  (1884).  Member  New  York 
County  Medical,  Pathological,  Clinical,  Obstetrical,  State 
Medical,  New  York,  Medico-Surgical  Societies;  Medical 
Instructors'  Society,  University  of  New  York;  Alujmni 
Society  New  York  Hospital;  Society  Alumni  City  (Char- 
ity) Hospital;  Honorary  Member  Alumni  Sloane  Mater- 
nity Hospital. 

PARK,  Charles  Rigg,  745  Quincy  Avenue,  Scranton, 
Pennsylvania.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New 
York  (M.D.),  1884.  Interne  October,  1884- October, 
1885.  Ex-Interne  Hudson-Chambers  Street  Hospital. 
Post-Graduate  Study  in  Vienna  and  Berlin.  For- 
merly Assistant  0.  P.  D.  Roosevelt  Hospital;  City 
Physician,  Scranton;  Visiting  Physician,  Lackawanna 
County  Jail;  Attending  Surgeon,  Lackawanna  Hospi- 
tal, Moses  Taylor  Hospital.  Member  American  Medi- 
cal Association;  National  Association  Kailway  Surgeons; 
Association  of  Military  Surgeons,  United  States  Army; 
Lackawanna  Medical  Society. 

PARSONS,  Frank,  died  Orange,  New  Jersey,  1878.  In- 
terne April,  1876-October,  1877. 

PEASE,  Daniel  P.,  Died  December  7,  1902,  Paris, 
France.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1882.  Interne  October,  1882 
—April,  1884.  Kesident  Physician,  Riverside  Hospital, 
1885-1887. 

194 


PELL,  Richard  Varick,  died  August  27,  1866,  Asiatic 
•cholera.  Interne  October,  1865— October,  1866. 

PERCIVAL,  Francis  Rollin,  2635  West  Pico  Street,  Los 
Angeles,  California,  born  February  22,  1860,  Summers, 
Connecticut.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New 
York  (M.D.),  1888.  Interne  October,  1887— April,  1889. 
United  States  Anny  Hospital  Service,  summer  1899. 

PEREIRA,  B.,  Mompos,  United  States  of  Colombia. 
Interne  October,  1879 -April,  1880. 

PHELPS,  Sidney,  Malone,  New  York.  Interne  Decem- 
ber, 1899 -August,  1900. 

PIERCE,  A.  Martin,  New  Bedford,  Massachusetts,  born 
March  18,  1852,  New  Bedford,  Massachusetts.  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1873.  In- 
terne October,  1872— October,  1874.  Surgeon,  St.  Luke's 
Hospital.  Formerly  City  Physician,  New  Bedford.  Mem- 
ber Massachusetts  Medical  Society;  former  Vice-Presi- 
dent. County  Medical  Society;  Society  for  Medical  Im- 
provement. 

PIERSON,  Samuel,  Stamford,  Connecticut,  born 
March  9,  1858,  Morristown,  New  Jersey.  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1881.  Interne 
October,  1881— April,  1883.  Visiting  Physician  and  Sur- 
geon, Stamford  Hospital.  Ex-Interne  Chambers  Street 
Hospital.  Member  American  Medical,  Stamford  Medical 
Associations;  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine;  County 
Medical  Society. 

PIFFARD,  Henry  G.,  256  West  Fifty-seventh  Street, 
New  York  City,  born  September  10,  1842,  Piffard,  New 
York.  University  of  New  York  (A.B.),  1862;  (A.M.), 
1865;  (M.D.),  1864;  (LL.D.),  1899.  Interne  April,  1864- 
October,  1864.   Consulting  Surgeon,  City  Hospital.  Em- 

195 


eritus  Professor  of  Dermatology,  New  York  University. 
Member  Academy  of  Medicine,  New  York  State  Associa- 
tion; Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

PIKE,  A.  Stanley,  303  Alexander  Avenue,  Bochester, 
New  York,  born  April  15,  1869,  Madrid,  New  York. 
University  of  New  York  (M.D.),  1896.  Interne  Decem- 
ber, 1896— June,  1898.  Member  Monroe  County  Medical 
and  Bochester  Dermatological  Societies. 

PINTO,  V.,  Died  1890.  Interne  October,  1876— April, 
1877. 

PLIMPTON,  Warren  Oscar,  19  West  Eighty-fourth 
Street,  New  York  City,  born  July  24,  1858,  Litchfield, 
Maine.  Bowdoin  College  (A.B.),  1882;  (A.M.);  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1888. 
Interne  October,  1888— April,  1890.  Professor  Orthope- 
dic Surgery,  Post-Graduate ;  Surgeon-in-Chief,  Daisy 
Fields  Hospital,  Englewood,  New  Jersey;  Consulting 
Surgeon,  Mary  McLean  Hospital,  Jamaica.  Member 
American  Medical  Association  and  State  Medical  Society. 

POLHEMUS,  Adrian  Suydam,  Major  and  Surgeon 
United  States  Army,  Surgeon-General's  Office,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  born  January  3,  1857,  Astoria,  New  York. 
Yale  University  (M.D.),  1879;  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1882. 
Interne  September,  1881— April,  1882. 

POMEROY,  Ralph  David,  511  Nostrand  Avenue, 
Brooklyn,  New  York,  born  New  York  City.  "Wesleyan 
University  (A.B.),  1887;  (M.A.)  1889;  Long  Island  Col- 
lege Hospital  (M.D.),  1889.  Interne  October,  1889— 
April,  1891.  Formerly  Visiting  Obstetrician,  Kings 
County  Hospital;  Visiting  Gynecologist,  Woman's  Hos- 
pital; Lecturer  on  Obstetrics,  Long  Island  College  Hos- 
pital; Adjunct  Surgeon,  Brooklyn  Hospital.  Specialty, 
Obstetrics  and  Gynecology.  Member  Kings  County  Medi- 
cal; New  York  State  Medical;  Brooklyn  Gynecologi- 
cal; Long  Island  Medical  Societies;  Association  of 

196 


Physicians  of  Long  Island;  Society  for  Belief  of  Widows 
and  Orphans  of  Medical  Men;  Society  Alumni  City  (Cha- 
rity) Hospital. 

POTTER,  Palmer  Augustus,  469  Main  Street,  East 
Orange,  New  Jersey,  born  August  13,  1873,  New  York 
City.  Amherst  (B.S.),  1895;  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1899.  Interne  December, 
1899— December,  1901.  Ex-Interne  St.  John's  Hospital; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  5th  Regiment,  New  Jersey  National 
Guard.  Specialty,  Pediatrics.  Member  Essex  County 
Medical  Society;  Pierson  Medical  Library  Association; 
Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

POTTER,  Wallace  W.,  Spokane,  Washington,  bom 
April  26,  1849,  Providence,  Rhode  Island.  Bellevue 
(M.D.),  1871.  Interne  March,  1871-October,  1872.  For- 
merly Health  Officer,  Spokane,  Washington.  Member 
Spokane  County  and  Spokane  Medical  Societies. 

PRATT,  Elias,  Torrington,  Connecticut,  born  October, 
1859,  Essex,  Connecticut.  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, New  York  (M.D.),  1887.  Interne  April,  1887- 
October,  1888.  Member  General  Assembly,  Connecticut, 
1889-1891.  Health  Officer  for  Torrington.  Post-Gradu- 
ate Study  at  Polyclinic  and  Post-Graduate,  New  York. 
Member  American  Medical  and  Litchfield  County  Medi- 
cal Associations. 

PRATT,  John  Halm,  Manchester,  New  York,  born  July 
22,  1865,  Manchester,  New  York.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1890. 
Interne  October,  1890— April,  1891.  Member  Central 
New  York  Medical  Association;  United  Association  of 
Eailway  Surgeons;  Ontario  County  Medical  Society. 

PRIEST,  Fred.  K.,  Nashua,  New  Hampshire,  born 
October  12,  1860,  Nashua.  University  of  New  York 
(M.D.),  1882.  Interne  October,  1881- April,  1883.  Re- 
tired from  practice  in  1891. 

197 


PRIMROSE,  A.  J.,  118  West  One  Hundred  and  First 
Street,  New  York  City.  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, New  York  (M.D.),  1885.  Interne  October,  1886— 
April,  1888.  Formerly  Assistant  State  Physician  for 
Insane. 

PROBEN,  Charles  Ignatius,  136  East  Seventieth 
Street,  New  York  City.  New  York  College  of  Pharmacy 
(Ph.G.),  1883;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New 
York  (M.D.),  1890.  Interne  April,  1890-October,  1891. 
Visiting  Physician,  Home  for  Aged.  Formerly  Assistant 
Gynecologist,  Post-Graduate  Clinic.  Specialty,  Diseases 
of  Children  and  Gynecology. 

PROVINCE,  Oran  A.,  66  West  Forty-sixth  Street,  New 
York  City.   Interne  June,  1902— June,  1904. 

QUIMBY,  William  0 'Gorman,  80  Columbia  Street, 
Newark,  New  Jersey,  born  March  14,  1877,  Newark,  New 
Jersey.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1900.  Interne  August,  1900— August,  1902.  As- 
sistant Visiting  Physician  Newark  Eye  and  Ear  Infir- 
mary. Specialty,  Ophthalmology.  Member  Medical 
Society  of  New  Jersey.  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity) 
Hospital. 

QUIN,  Vincent  Edward,  909  Cauldwell  Avenue,  New 
York  City,  born  May  7,  1876,  Bridgeport,  Connecticut. 
University  of  New  York  and  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1899.  In- 
terne June,  1899— April,  1901.  Visiting  O.  P.  D.,  Harlem 
Hospital;  Visiting  O.  P.  D.,  Post-Graduate  Hospital;  Ex- 
Interne  Mothers'  and  Babies y  Hospital.  Member  Bronx 
Medical  Society  and  Society  Alumni  (Charity)  Hospital. 

QUINLAN,  William  Wheelock,  103  State  Street,  Chi- 
cago, Illinois,  born  August  10,  1867,  Lake  Forest,  Illinois. 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.) 
1891.    Interne  October,  1891 -April,  1893.  Attending 

198 


Physician,  Maurice  Porter  Children 's  Hospital ;  Associate 
Professor  Pediatrics,  Chicago  Polyclinic.  Specialty,  Pe- 
diatrics and  General  Medicine.  Member  American  Medi- 
cal Association ;  State  and  Chicago  Medical  and  Pediatri- 
cal  Societies;  Chicago  Physicians'  Club. 

QUINN,  James  F.,  102  Waverley  Place,  New  York 
City,  born  September  14,  1876,  New  Haven,  Connecticut. 
Yale  University  (M.D.),  1900.  Interne  April,  1901- 
April,  1903.  Assistant,  Gynecological  Clinic,  St.  Vin- 
cent's Hospital;  Ex-Interne  St.  Vincent's  and  Mothers' 
and  Babies'  Hospital. 

QUINTON,  William  Warren,  United  States  Army.  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1892. 
Interne  April,  1892— October,  1893. 

RAFFERTY,  Ogden,  Major  and  Surgeon,  United 
States  Army,  born  April  12,  1860,  New  Jersey.  Prince- 
ton, 1882 ;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1885.   Interne  October,  1884— April,  1886. 

RASS3VIAN,  William  Henry,  71  Minor  Avenue,  Buther- 
ford,  New  Jersey,  born  October  23,  1861,  New  York  City. 
University  of  New  York  (M.D.),  1883.  Interne  October, 
1883 -October,  1885.  Retired  in  1895. 

REID,  Robert  William,  257  West  One  Hundred  and 
Fourteenth  Street,  New  York  City.  University  of  New 
York,  1896.   Interne  June  1896— December,  1897. 

REILLY,  Thomas  Francis,  204  West  One  Hundred  and 
Forty-first  Street,  New  York  City,  born  May  30,  1871, 
Easton,  Pennsylvania.  Lafayette  College  (Ph.B.),  1893; 
(M.S.),  1896;  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1896.  Interne  June,  1896 
—December  1897.  Visiting  Physician,  St.  Joseph's  Hos- 
pital. Editor  Medical  Critic.  President  New  York  Celtic 
Medical  Society.  Member  Manhattan  and  Harlem  Med- 
ical Societies;  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

199 


REYNOLDS,  William  Seymour,  61;  West  Seventy-first 
Street,  New  York  City,  bom  July  22,  1^4,  Albion, 
New  York.  University  of  New  York  (M.D.),  1892.  In- 
terne April,  1892— October,  1893.  Clinical  Assistant, 
Genito-Urinary  Department,  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  New  York;  Assistant  Surgeon, Bellevue  Dispen- 
sary. Member  New  York  County  Medical  Society;  Soci- 
ety Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

RHEA,  John,  Died  July  2,  1883,  while  on  duty  at  City 
Hospital. 

RICE,  Clarence  C,  123  East  Nineteenth  Street,  New 
York  City.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New 
York  (M.D.),  1877.  Interne  October,  1877 -April,  1879. 
Professor  of  Rhinology,  Post-Graduate  Hospital  Medical 
School.  Formerly  Surgeon,  0.  P.  D.,  Bellevue;  Physician, 
Montefiore  Home.  Member  Academy  of  Medicine;  New 
York  County  Medical  and  Pathological  Societies;  Laryng- 
ological  Associate;  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hos- 
pital. 

RICHARD,  Charles,  Major  and  Surgeon,  United  States 
Army,  born  November  10,  1854,  New  York  City.  Univer- 
sity of  New  York  (B.S.),  1874;  (M.D.),  1876.  Interne 
April,  1876— October,  1877.  Formerly  Assistant  Physi- 
cian, EandalPs  Island  Hospital;  Attending  Physician, 
Essex  Market  Dispensary.  Author  "  Transportation  of 
"Wounded  on  Land;"  "  Medical  Reference  Hand-book  of 
Medical  Sciences.' '  Member  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion; Associated  Military  Surgeons,  United  States  Army. 

RICHMOND,  Nelson  G.,  Fredonia,  New  York,  born 
March  31,  1857,  Mount  Upton,  New  York.  Bellevue 
(M.D.),  1880.  Interne  April,  1880 -October,  1881.  As- 
sistant Attending,  Brooks  Memorial  Hospital.  Post- 
Graduate  Study  at  Polyclinic,  New  York,  1895.  Member 
New  York  State,  Lake  Erie,  Fredonia  and  Chautauqua 
County  Medical  Societies. 

200 


RINARD,  Charles  Cogan,  317  Eighth  Avenue,  Home- 
stead, Pennsylvania,  born  July  20,  1874,  Johnstown, 
Pennsylvania.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1898.  Interne  June, 
1898— December,  1899.  Ex-Interne  Lying-in  Hospital. 
Member  American  Medical  Association;  Alleghany  Medi- 
cal Society;  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

ROBERTS,  Stephen  M.,  Liasconset,  Massachusetts. 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  (M.D.),  1867.  In- 
terne October,  1867 -October,  1868. 

ROBERTSON,  James  L.,  409  Ninth  Avenue,  New  York 
City.  University  of  New  York,  1868.  Interne  April,  1868 
—October,  1869.   Eetired  from  practice. 

ROBERTSON,  William  M.,  2608  Locust  Street,  St. 
Louis,  Missouri,  born  October  3,  1866  at  Fayette,  Ala- 
bama. University  of  Virginia  (M.D.),  1889.  Interne 
April,  1890— October,  1891.  Associate  Surgeon,  Jewish 
Hospital  and  Mullanphy  Hospital.  Member  St.  Louis 
and  State  Medical  Societies. 

ROCKWELL,  A.  Vincent,  4247  Third  Avenue,  New 
York  City,  born  October  30,  1872,  Plainfield,  New  Jersey. 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.), 
1896.  Interne  December,  1896— June,  1898.  Physician 
Peabody  Home.  Ex-Inteme  Harlem  Hospital.  Member 
Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

ROCKWELL,  Thomas  Hawley,  6  Princess  Street,  Lon- 
don, England,  born,  1865,  Warsaw,  Illinois.  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1887.  In- 
terne October,  1887— October,  1888.  Life  Insurance  since 
1890.  Medical  Director  Equitable  Life  Insurance  Asso- 
ciation of  the  United  States  for  Great  Britain,  Ireland  and 
New  Netherlands.  Member  Society  Alumni  City  (Cha- 
rity) Hospital. 

RODRIGUEZ,  E.  F.,  Cuba.  Interne  April,  1871-Oc- 
tober,  1872. 

201 


ROSENTHAL,  Abraham,  Farmington,  New  Mexico. 
College  of  City  of  New  York  (A.B.),  1887;  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1890.  In- 
terne October,  1890— April,  1892. 

ROY,  Charles  Dunbar,  Atlanta  Georgia,  born  Novem- 
ber 21,  1866,  Atlanta,  Georgia.  University  of  New  York 
(M.D.),  1889.  Interne  October,  1889- April,  1891.  Clin- 
ical Professor  Diseases  of  Eye,  Ear,  Nose  and  Throat, 
Atlanta  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons.  Post-Grad- 
uate Study  in  Leipzig,  Vienna,  Paris  and  London.  Spe- 
cialty, Eye,  Ear,  Nose  and  Throat.  Member  American 
Ophthalmological,  Laryngological  Societies;  American 
Medical  and  Atlanta  Medical  Societies. 

RUCAVADO,  Genaro,  San  Jose,  Costa  Eica,  Central 
America,  born  September  19,  1848.  Bellevue  (M.D.), 
1875.  Interne  October,  1875— October,  1876.  Vice-Presi- 
dent Medical  Faculty,  San  Jose,  1898;  Secretary,  1894; 
Treasurer,  1903;  President,  1896.  Ex-Inteme  Eandall's 
Island  Hospital.  Specialty,  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of 
Children. 

RUFFIN,  Kirkland,  Norfolk,  Virginia,  born  Hanover 
County,  Virginia,  March  22, 1866.  University  of  Virginia 
(M.D.),  1886.  Interne  October,  1886- April,  1888.  Visit- 
ing Physician  and  Gynecologist,  St.  Vincent  de  Paul's 
Hospital,  Norfolk,  Virginia.  Member  Virginia  State, 
Seaboard,  Virginia  County  and  Norfolk  Medical  So- 
cieties. 

RUPP,  Adolf,  359  West  Thirty-fourth  Street,  New 
York  City,  born  February  4,  1856,  Brooklyn,  New  York. 
University  of  New  York  (M.D.),  1877.  Interne  October, 
1877— April,  1879.  Formerly  Visiting  Physician,  North- 
ern Dispensary;  Assistant  Aural  Surgeon,  New  York  Eye 
and  Ear  Infirmary.  Specialty,  Eye,  Ear,  Nose  and 
Throat,  and  Internal  Medicine.    Translator  Ziemssen's 

202 


Cyclopedia  of  General  Medicine  Post-Graduate  Study  in 
Vienna,  Munich,  Heidelberg,  Leipzig.  Fellow  New  York 
Academy  of  Medicine;  Member  County  and  State  Asso- 
ciations; Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital  (Vice- 
President,  1884;  President,  1885). 

RUSH,  C.  W.,  Deceased.  Interne  April,  1876- Octo- 
ber, 1877. 

RUSSELL,  John  F.,  21  West  Eleventh  Street,  New 
York  City,  born  May  20, 1855,  Washington,  D.  C.  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1879. 
Interne  April,  1880— October,  1881.  Member  Society 
Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

SAUNDERS,  Norman  Brown,  103  Barrett  Street,  Sche- 
nectady, New  York,  born  June  20,  1875,  Dunkirk,  New 
York.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1900.  Interne  April,  1901— April,  1903.  Attend- 
ing Physician,  Children's  Home;  Bacteriologist,  Board 
of  Health.  Formerly  Assistant  Eesident  Obstetrician, 
Post-Graduate  Hospital.  Member  New  York  State  Medi- 
cal Association;  Schenectady  County  Medical  Society; 
Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

SCHLIERBACH,  Theodore  Louis,  6558  Normal  Ave- 
nue, Chicago,  Illinois,  born  April  6,  1852,  Pana,  Illinois. 
Bellevue  (M.D.),  1885.  Interne  October,  1885— April, 
1887.    Retired  from  active  practice  in  1900. 

I 

SCHOONOVER,  Warren,  115  East  Fifty-ninth  Street, 
New  York  City,  born  February  17,  1838,  Honesdale,  Penn- 
sylvania. Union  College  (A.B.),  1864;  (A.M.),  1867;  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1867. 
Interne  October,  1866— April,  1868.  House  Physician, 
Northeastern  Dispensary;  Secretary  Board  of  Managers 
since  1873;  Assistant  Curator,  Charity  Hospital,  1869- 
1870.    Member  New  York  County  Medical  Society  and 

203 


Association;  New  York  State  Medical  Association;  New 
York  Medico-Surgical  Society;  American  Academy  of 
Medicine ;  American  Medical  and  American  Public  Health 
Associations. 

SCHROEDER,  Henry  H.,  32  Nassau  Street,  New  York 
City,  born  March  30,  1860,  New  York  City.  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1886.  In- 
terne October,  1886— April,  1888.  Assistant  Medical  Di- 
rector, Home  Office,  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company; 
Formerly  Assistant  Gynecologist,  Eoosevelt  Hospital, 
0.  P.  D.  Eetired  from  practice  1903.  Member  County 
Medical  Society,  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 
(Treasurer,  1898,  1899,  1900;  President,  1901.) 

SCHUYLER,  William  J.,  3  Hopper  Street,  Utica,  New 
York,  born  July  9,  1861,  Westmoreland,  New  York.  Uni- 
versity of  New  York  (M.D.),  1885.  Interne  April,  1885— 
October,  1886.  Visiting  Physician,  St.  Luke's  Hospital. 
Formerly  on  Staff  of  Bloomingdale  Asylum  and  Butler 
Hospital,  Providence,  Rhode  Island;  Health  Officer  Utica, 
1892-1894.  Member  Oneida  County  Medical,  Utica  Medi- 
cal Societies;  Utica  Medical  Library  Association. 

SEARLE,  Dayton  W.,  8  West  Sixty-seventh  Street, 
New  York  City.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
New  York  (M.D.),  1866.  Interne  October,  1866— October, 
1867. 

SHEARS,  George  Peaslee,  203  West  One  Hundred  and 
Third  Street,  New  York  City,  born  January  15,  1860, 
Dutchess  County,  New  York.  University  of  New  York 
(M.D.),1886.  Interne  October,  1893— April,  1895.  Clini- 
cal Instructor  in  Obstetrics,  Cornell  University;  Assist- 
ant Physician,  New  York  City  Asylum,  Ward's  Island. 
Formerly  Assistant  Attending  Physician,  Mothers' 
and  Babies'  Hospital.  Specialty,  Obstetrics  and  Gyne- 
cology. 

204 


SHELLMAN,  Arthur  P.,  457  Chenango  Street,  Bing- 
hainton,  New  York,  born  October  30,  1869,  Davenport, 
New  York.  University  of  New  York  (M.D.),  1894.  In- 
terne April,  1894— December,  1895.  Ex-Interne  Bing- 
hamton  State  Hospital.  Formerly  Junior  Physician, 
Manhattan  and  Willard  State  Hospitals,  and  Assistant 
Surgeon  S.  and  S.  Home,  Bath,  New  York.  Member 
Binghamton  Academy  of  Medicine. 

,  SHERMAN,  George  E.,  born  Galena,  Illinois,  May  27, 
1842;  died  September  20,  1881.  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  (M.D.),  1868.  Interne  October,  1867— 
October,  1868. 

SHRADY,  John  Elliott,  140  West  One  Hundred  and 
Twenty-sixth  Street,  New  York  City,  born  September  1, 
1866,  Stamford,  Connecticut.  Princeton  University 
(B.S.),  1889;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New 
York  (M.D.),  1892.  Interne  October,  1892- April,  1894. 
Assistant  Surgeon,  Harlem  Eye,  Ear,  Nose  and  Throat 
Infirmary;  Formerly  Assistant,  Vanderbilt  Clinic,  Roose- 
velt Dispensary;  Member  New  York  State  Medical  Asso- 
ciation; Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

SIGLAR,  Henry  B.,  206  West  One  Hundred  and  Sixth 
Street.  Interne  June,  1902— June,  1904. 

SILL,  Elisha  Mather,  222  West  Fifty-ninth  Street,  New 
York  City,  born  May  18,  1873,  Geneva,  New  York.  Uni- 
versity of  New  York  (M.D.),  1898.  Interne  December, 
1898— August,  1900.  Ex-Interne,  Nursery  and  Child's 
Hospital ;  Chief  of  Clinic,  Department  of  Diseases  of  Chil- 
dren, Good  Samaritan  Dispensary;  Clinical  Assistant, Dis- 
eases of  Children,  Cornell  University  Dispensary.  For- 
merly Attending  Physician,  St.  John's  Guild.  Specialty, 
Diseases  of  Children.  Member  Alumni  St.  John's  Hos- 
pital; Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

SLABAUGH,  Warren  Henry,  Omaha,  Nebraska. 
Bellevue  (M.D.),  1883.  Interne  April,  1883- April,  1884. 

205 


SMILLIE,  Joseph,  Guelph,  Ontario,  Canada,  born 
December  26,  1872.  Ontario  University,  Toronto  (M.B.), 
1901.  Interne  June,  1901— April,  1903.  Ex-Interne,  New 
York  Lying-in  Hospital. 

SMITH,  Albert  H.,  Camden,  New  York,  born  January 
25,  1853.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1876.  Interne  April,  1876-October,  1877.  Mem- 
ber Oneida  County  Medical  Society. 

SMITH,  Daniel  H.,  34  West  Thirty-seventh  Street,  New 
York  City,  born  April  12, 1852,  Orange  County,  New  York. 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.), 
1873.  Interne  April,  1873 -October,  1874.  Police  Sur- 
geon, New  York  City;  Member  Medical  Association  of 
Greater  New  York;  Physicians  Mutual  Aid  Association. 

SMITH,  Edward  Leroy,  Binghampton,  New  York,  born 
September  1,  1862,  Binghamton,  New  York.  Cornell 
(B.S.),  1886;  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1889.  Interne  October, 
1889— April,  1891.  Surgeon,  Binghampton  City  Hospital; 
Coroner,  Broome  County;  Member  Binghampton  Acad- 
emy of  Medicine;  Broome  County  and  Binghampton 
City  Medical  Associations. 

SMITH,  H.  Lyle,  Hudson,  New  York.  Interne  April, 
1864- April,  1865. 

SOMERSET,  William  L.,  83  Lexington  Avenue,  New 
York  City.  Wesleyan  College  (A.B.),  1881;  (A.M.),  1885; 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.), 
1892.  Interne  April,  1892— October,  1893. 

SOUTH ACK,  J.  W.,  Interne  April  1864- October,  1864. 

SOUTHWORTH,  Edward,  died  while  on  duty  in  City 
Hospital,  August  15,  1882. 

SPENCER,  William  Daniel,  Saybrook,  Connecticut, 
born  July  5,  1862,  New  Haven,  Connecticut.   College  of 

206 


Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1873.  In- 
terne April,  1874— October,  1875.  Curator,  Charity  Hos- 
pital, 1876-1881.  Formerly  Surgeon,  Eastern  Dispensary, 
and  Clinical  Assistant,  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, New  York. 

SPILLER,  W.  H.,  307  Second  Avenue,  New  York  City, 
born,  Virginia.  University  of  Virginia  (M.D.),  1894.  In- 
terne December,  1895— June,  1897.  Medical  Super- 
intendent, New  York  Lying-in  Hospital;  Member  New 
York  County  Medical  Society;  Society  Alumni  City 
(Charity)  Hospital. 

SPRAGUE,  David  H.,  Central  Valley,  New  York,  born 
December  7,  1863,  Prince's  Bay.  New  York  University, 
New  York  (M.D.),  1886.  Interne  September,  1887— 
April,  1888.  Member  Orange  Medical  Society;  Society 
Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

STARK,  Nathan  Neuville,  221  West  One  Hundred  and 
Twenty-eighth  Street,  New  York  City,  born  August  29, 
1877,  New  York  City.  College  City  of  New  York  (B.S.)? 
1897;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1901.  Interne  December,  1901— September,  1903. 

STARK,  Oscar  William,  11 H  Eighth  Street,  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1886.  Interne  October,  1886- April,  1888.  Sur- 
geon, Jewish  Hospital;  Consulting  Oculist,  Altenheim 
Hospital ;  Consulting  Oculist  and  Laryngologist,  Widow 's 
Home,  Jewish  Home  and  Sick-Poor  Society;  Lecturer, 
Conservatory  of  Music. 

ST.  JOHN,  Hunter,  died  at  Mobile,  Alabama,  1901. 
Princeton  University,  1883;  University  New  York  (M.D.), 
1886.  Interne  April,  1886- October,  1887.  Formerly 
Assistant  Surgeon,  Second  Virginia  Kegiment. 

207 


STEERS,  Thomas  H.,  410  West  Forty-third  Street, 
New  York  City,  born  December  29,  1858.  Manhattan  Col- 
lege (A.B.),  1876;  (A.M.),  1878;  Belle vue  (M.D.),  1879. 
Interne  April,  1879— April,  1881.  Ex-Interne  St.  Eliza- 
beth's Hospital;  Member  New  York  County  Medical  So- 
ciety and  New  York  Medical  League. 

STEINACH,  William,  134  East  Eighteenth  Street,  New 
York  City,  born  October  27,  1871,  New  York  City.  Col- 
lege City  of  New  York(  B.A.),  1891;  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1894.  Interne  April, 
1894— December,  1895.  Visiting  Physician,  Columbus 
Dispensary,  and  New  York  University,  and  Bellevue 
Medical  College  Dispensary.  Formerly  Assistant  Phy- 
sician, Willard  State  Hospital,  and  Assistant  Instructor  in 
Histology,  University  Medical  College.  Specialty, 
Nervous  Diseases  and  Insanity;  Member  New  York 
County  Medical,  Physicians'  Mutual  Aid  Associations; 
New  York  University  Medical,  Seneca  County  Medical 
Societies;  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

STEPHENSON,  Christian,  1227  Lexington  Avenue, 
New  York  City,  born  January,  1855,  New  York  City.  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1889. 
Interne  April,  1890— October,  1891.  Ex-Interne,  Hudson 
Street  Hospital  Medical  Inspector,  New  York  Health 
Department;  Captain  and  Surgeon,  Eighth  Regiment, 
National  Guard;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Presbyterian  Hos- 
pital Dispensary;  Member  New  York  County  Medical 
Society;  Society  Alumni  New  York  Hospital;  Association 
Military  Surgeons. 

STEWART,  Douglas  H.,121  West  Eighty-eighth  Street, 
New  York  City,  born  August  30,  1860,  Brooklyn,  New 
York.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1882.  Interne  October,  1882— April,  1884. 
Specialty,  Obstetrics  and  Gynecology.  Post-Graduate 

208 


Study  in  London,  Paris  and  Rome;  Member  New  York 
County,  New  York  State,  Harlem,  Eastern  Medical  So- 
cieties. 

STEWART,  Jacob  Henry,  425  Portland  Avenue,  St. 
Paul,  Minnesota,  born  February  10,  1861,  St.  Paul, 
Minnesota.  University  of  New  York  (M.D.),  1883.  In- 
terne October,  1883— April,  1885.  Oculist  and  Aurist, 
City  and  County  Hospitals;  Oculist,  Bethesda  Hospital; 
Associate  Professor,  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear,  Ham- 
line  University.  Specialty,  Ophthalmology  and  Otology. 
Formerly  Assistant,  New  York  Ophthalmic  and  Aura! 
Institute;  Ophthalmic  Department,  Polyclinic,  Berlin; 
Member  Minnesota  Academy  of  Medicine;  Ramsey 
County  Medical  and  Minnesota  State  Medical  Societies. 

STEWART,  William  H.,  2017  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York 
City,  born  September  3,  1868,  Syracuse,  New  York.  Uni- 
versity of  New  York  (M.D.),  1891.  Interne  October,  1891 
—April,  1893.  Formerly  Out-Door  Physician,  Harlem 
Dispensary;  Member  Harlem  Medical  Association;  So- 
ciety Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

STEWART,  William  W.,  Columbus,  Georgia.  Bellevue 
(M.D.),  1890.  Interne  April,  1890-October,  1891. 

STIEGLITZ,  Edward,  247  West  One  Hundred  and 
Twenty-second  Street,  New  York  City,  born  April  8,  1863, 
New  York  City.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1884.  Interne  Octo- 
ber, 1884— April,  1886.  Visiting  Physician,  Mount  Sinai 
Dispensary.  Specialty,  Obstetrics.  Member  New  York 
State  Medical  Association;  German  Medical  and  Harlem 
Medical  Societies. 

STIMSON,  Daniel  McMartin,  11  West  Seventeenth 
Street,  New  York  City,  born  January  2,  1844,  Edinboro, 
New  York.  Union  College  (A.B.),  1864;  (A.M.) ;  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1868. 

209 


Interne  May,  1867— October,  1868.  Consulting  Physician, 
Mount  Sinai  Hospital;  New  York  Infirmary;  Skin  and 
Cancer  Hospital;  Northern  Dispensary.  Formerly  Sur- 
geon, Presbyterian  Hospital ;  Mount  Sinai  Hospital ;  New 
York  Infirmary;  St.  Peter's  Hospital,  Albany;  Professor 
of  Anatomy  and  Surgery,  Woman's  Medical  College; 
Member  Academy  of  Medicine;  County  Medical,  Harlem 
Medical,  Medico-Chirurgical  Societies;  Associated  Physi- 
cians of  Greater  New  York ;  Widows '  and  Orphans '  Asso- 
ciation; and  Physicians '  Mutual  Aid  Association.  Society 
Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

STONE,  William  Ridgely,  66  West  Forty-ninth  Street, 
New  York  City,  born  September  2,  1871,  Washington, 
District  of  Columbia.  Princeton  University  (A.B.),  1895; 
Johns  Hopkins  University  (M.D.),  1899.  Interne  June, 
1899— April,  1901.  Assistant  Attending  Surgeon,  New 
York  Maternity  Hospital.  Formerly  Clinical  Assistant 
in  Obstetrics,  Post-Graduate  Hospital;  Assistant  Attend- 
ing Physician,  Cornell  Dispensary.  Specialty,  Obstetrics. 
Member  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital;  New 
York  State  Medical  Association;  Alumni  Society  Johns 
Hopkins  Hospital. 

STORY,  George  B.,  Portland,  Oregon,  born  November 
8,  1872,  Portland,  Oregon.  University  of  Virginia  (M.D.), 
1893;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1894.  Interne  June,  1894— December,  1895.  Act- 
ing Assistant  Surgeon,  U.S.A.,  1898-1901.  Professor  of 
Physiology,  University  of  Oregon.  Visiting  Phy- 
sician, St.  Vincent's  Hospital,  O.P.D.;  Member  Port- 
land County,  City,  Oregon  State  Medical  Societies; 
American  Medical  Association;  Eastern  Hospital  Grad- 
uates' Club. 

STOWELL,  William  Leland,  160  West  Seventy-third 
Street,  New  York  City,  born  December  24,  1869,  Wood- 
bridge,  Connecticut.    University  of  New  York  (M.D.), 

210 


1881.  Interne  October,  1881— October,  1883.  Attending 
Physician,  Randall's  Island  Hospitals.  Formerly  In- 
structor in  Diseases  of  Children,  University  Medical  Col- 
lege; Attending  Physician,  Woman's  Dispensary;  Pathol- 
ogist, Demilt  Dispensary;  Visiting  Physician,  Demilt  Dis- 
pensary. Specialty,  Pediatrics.  Chairman  Pediatric  Sec- 
tion, New  York  Academy  of  Medicine.  Author  "  The 
Doctor  Outside  of  Medicine,"  Member  New  York 
Academy  of  Medicine;  Physicians'  Mutual  Aid  and 
County  Medical  Associations;  Society  Alumni  City 
(Charity)  Hospital  (Treasurer,  1895-1897;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, 1898;  President,  1899;  Editor,  1902-1903). 

SUGG,  J.  P.,  Kittrell,  North  Carolina,  born  December 
7,  1841,  Tarboro,  North  Carolina.  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1867.  Interne  April, 
1867— October,  1868.  Retired  from  active  practice  in 
1901  and  entered  pharmacy. 

SULLIVAN,  John  Daniel,  74  McDonough  Street, 
Brooklyn,  New  York,  born  September  4,  1841,  Middle- 
town,  New  York,  University  of  New  York  (M.D.),  1867. 
Interne  April,  1867— April,  1868.  Attending  Physician, 
St.  John's  Home;  Surgeon,  St.  Mary's  Hospital;  Police 
Surgeon;  Trustee  Brevoort  Savings  Bank.  Specialty, 
General  Surgery.  Member  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion; Kings  County,  Brooklyn  Pathologic  Societies; 
Medical  Society  of  Associate  Physicians  of  Long  Island; 
Associate  Physicians  of  Greater  New  York. 

SULLIVAN,  John  F.,  304  Exchange  Street  New  Haven, 
Connecticut,  born  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  October  3, 
1867.  Yale  University  (A.B.),  1890;  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1894.  Interne 
October,  1894— June,  1896.  Ex-President  and  Member 
New  Haven  Board  of  Health;  Member  Connecticut  State 
and  New  Haven  Medical  Societies. 

211 


SWASEY,  John  H.,  34  East  Twenty-eighth  Street,  New 
York  City.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New 
York  (M.D.),  1875.   Interne  October,  1875— April,  1876. 

SWIFT,  Lawrence  C,  Pittsfield,  Massachusetts.  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1878. 
Interne  April,  1879— April,  1880.  Attending  Physician, 
House  of  Mercy  Hospital,  Pittsfield.  Formerly  Attending 
Physician,  Cottage  Hospital,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Attend- 
ing Physician,  Des  Moines  Free  Dispensary.  Specialty, 
Gynecology.  Member  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity) 
Hospital. 

SYKES,  Richard  L.,  Columbus,  Mississippi,  born 
January  27,  1840,  Lowndes  County,  Mississippi.  Uni- 
versity of  North  Carolina  (M.A.),  1865;  University  of 
New  York  (M.D.),  1866.  Interne  April,  1866— April, 
1867.  Specialty,  Eye  and  Ear.  Member  Mississippi  State 
Medical  Associations;  Ondricas  Academy  of  Medicine. 

TADDIKEN,  Paul  Gerald,  Long  Island  State  Hospital, 
born  November  23,  1873.  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, New  York  (M.D.),  1895.  Interne  April,  1895- 
December,  1896.  Second  Assistant  Physician,  Long 
Island  State  Hospital;  Member  New  York  County 
Medical;  American  Medico-Psychological  Associations. 

TALBOT,  Ambrose,  203  Rialto  Building,  Kansas  City, 
Missouri,  born  April,  1860,  South  Freeport,  Maine.  Har- 
vard University  (A.B.),  1881;  (M.D.),  1885.  Interne 
October,  1884— April,  1886.  President  Medical  Board, 
St.  Margarets  Hospital;  Professor  Practice  of  Medicine, 
Medical  College  of  Kansas  City.  Member  Harvard 
Medical  Alumni ;  Jackson  County  Medical,  Missouri  State 
Medical  Societies. 

TAYLOR,  Fielding  Louis,  173  West  Seventy-third 
Street,  New  York  City,  born  May  24, 1868,  Virginia.  Uni- 

212 


versity  of  Virginia  (M.D.),  1891.  Interne  October,  1891 
—April,  1893.  Surgeon,  O.P.D.,  Hudson  Street  Hospital; 
Ex-Interne  Hudson  Street  Hospital.  Member  Academy 
of  Medicine;  West  End  and  County  Medical  Societies; 
Alumni  New  York  Hospital  and  Society  Alumni  City 
(Charity)  Hospital  (Secretary,  1898;  Vice-President, 
1899-1900). 

TAYLOR,  James  Spotteswoode,  Past  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, U.S.N.,  appointed,  1902,  Navy  Department,  Wash- 
ington, District  Columbia,  born  Charlottesville,  December 
10,  1870.  University  of  Virginia  (M.D.),  1894.  Interne 
October,  1894— June,  1896.  Ex-Interne,  Orange,  New 
Jersey.  Memorial  Hospital. 

TAYLOR,  W.  O.,  Interne  April,  1866-October,  1866. 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

TEAKLE,  George  W.,  deceased.  University  of  Mary- 
land (M.D.),  1870.  Interne  October,  1870 -April,  1872. 
Formerly  Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dispensary; 
Visiting  Physician,  Baltimore  General  Hospital;  Member 
State  Board  of  Health. 

TERRIBERRY,  Joseph  Frederick,  120  West  Seventy- 
third  Street,  New  York  City,  born  July  1,  1857,  Clinton, 
New  Jersey.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1880.  Interne  October, 
1880— April,  1882.  Consulting  Neurologist,  Manhattan 
Eye  and  Ear  Hospital  and  Hospital  for  Ruptured  and 
Crippled.  Ex-Inteme,  Hospital  for  Ruptured  and  Crip- 
pled. Specialty,  Diseases  of  Mind  and  Nervous  System. 
Member  Academy  of  Medicine;  New  York  Neurological 
Society;  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital 
(Treasurer,  1902-1903;  Vice-President,  1904). 

THELBERG,  Martin  A.  H.,  Riddergartan  35,  Stock- 
holm, Sweden.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1898.  Candidate  of 
Medicine,  Upsala,  Sweden,  1903.    Interne  Dec.,  1898— 

213 


December,  1899.  Post-Graduate  Study  in  Upsala  and 
Stockholm,  Sweden.  Member  New  York  County  Medical, 
and  State  Associations;  Upsala  and  Stockholm  Medical 
Societies;  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

THOMPSON,  A.  M.,  Died  at  Long  Island  City,  1894. 
Interne  October,  1891— April,  1893. 

THOMPSON,  Charles  N.,  100  West  Eighty-second 
Street,  New  York  City.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1884.  In- 
terne April,  1884— April,  1886.  Instructor  in  Anatomy, 
Bellevue  Medical  College;  Attending  Surgeon,  North- 
western Dispensary. 

THOMLINSON,  Joseph,  Bridgeton,  New  Jersey,  born 
1854,  Bridgeton,  New  Jersey.  Williams  College  (A.B.), 
1875;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),1878.  Interne  October,  1877-April,  1879.  Visit- 
ing Surgeon,  Bridgeton  Hospital;  Lecturer  to  Training 
School.  Ex-President  Cumberland  County,  Medical  So- 
ciety; Member  Medical  Society  State  of  New  Jersey; 
American  Medical  Association;  Academy  of  Medicine. 

TOBIAS,  Leo,  326  East  Fifty-second  Street,  New  York 
City,  born  November  21,  1872,  New  York  City.  Univer- 
sity of  New  York  (B.S.),  1891;  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1894.  Interne  June,  1897- 
December,  1898.  Assistant  Surgeon,  Mount  Sinai  Hospi- 
tal Dispensary;  Ex-Interne,  Massachusetts  Hospital  for 
Epileptics.   Member  New  York  County  Medical  Society. 

TOOLE,  Arthur  F.,  Birmingham,  Alabama,  born  April 
26,  1877,  Taladega,  Alabama.  Washington  and  Lee  Uni- 
versity (A.B.),  1897;  University  of  Virginia  (M.D.),  1900. 
Interne  December,  1901— October,  1903.  Ex-Interne 
New  York  Orthopedic  Hospital.  Specialty,  Orthopedics. 
Member  American  Medical  Association;  Alabama  State 
Association;  Jefferson  County  Medical  Society. 

214 


TORRENS,  Benjamin,  44  West  One  Hundred  and  Fif- 
teenth Street,  New  York  City,  born  New  York  City,  1872. 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.), 
1893.  Interne,  October,  1893— April,  1895.  Instructor  in 
Gynecology,  New  York  Polyclinic.  Visiting  Physician, 
Bellevue  and  Harlem  Dispensaries.  Member  Academy 
of  Medicine;  Clinical  Society,  New  York  Polyclinic.  Med- 
ico-Surgical, Harlem  Medical  and  Harlem  Clinical  So- 
cieties. 

TOUSEY,  Ralph,  259  West  One  Hundred  and  Thirty- 
ninth  Street,  New  York  City,  born  October  21,  1873, 
Brooklyn,  New  York.  Yale  University  (B.A.),  1894;  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1898. 
Interne  June,  1898 — June,  1899.  Member  New  York 
County  Medical  Society;  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity) 
Hospital. 

TOWNSEND,  Franklin,  Jr.,  Died  at  Albany,  October 
31,  1895.  Interne  April,  1876— October,  1877.  Formerly 
Professor  of  Physiology,  Albany  Medical  College. 

TRASK,  F.,  McGrange,  Cook  County,  Illinois.  Univer- 
sity of  New  York  (M.D.),  1875.  Interne  April,  1875— 
April,  1876. 

TRASK,  H.  B.,  Died  in  1890  at  St.  Luke's  Hospital, 
New  York  City.   Interne  October,  1898— April,  1890. 

TRIPLER,  Thomas  Hall,  Yokohama,  Japan,  born  Jan- 
uary 2,  1846,  New  York  City.  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1868.  Interne  April,  1868— 
October,  1869.  Formerly  Sanitary  Inspector  for  the 
United  States  and  Surgeon  to  Imperial  Railways  in 
Japan. 

TYNBERG,  Sigmund,  1329  Madison  Avenue,  New 
York  City,  born  September  30,  1864,  New  York  City. 

215 


(A.B.),  (A.M.),  (M.D.),  1885.  Interne  April,  1885-Oc- 
tober,  1886.  Visiting  Physician,  German  Dispensary; 
Visiting  Physician,  Skin  and  Cancer  Hospital  Dispen- 
sary; Surgeon,  Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum;  Visiting  Physi- 
cian, Almshouse  and  Workhouse  Hospital.  Member 
County  Medical,  Eastern  Medical,  Metropolitan  Medical 
Societies;  County  Medical  and  German  Medical  Associ- 
ations; Physicians'  Mutual  Aid. 

URQUART,  F.  M.,  Deceased.  Formerly  in  Marine  Hos- 
pital Service.   Interne  April,  1880— October,  1881. 

VAN  HORNE,  A.  B.,  Deceased.  Interne  April,  1880- 
October,  1881. 

VAN  RENSSELAER,  John,  Washington,  D.  C.  Hobart 
College  (A.B.),  1882;  Columbian  University,  Washington 
(M.D.),  1889.  Interne  April,  1889-October,  1890.  Ex- 
Interne  Chambers  Street  Hospital.  Formerly  Attending 
Surgeon,  Garfield  Hospital  and  Sibley  Memorial  Hospi- 
tal; Attending  Surgeon,  Children's  Hospital.  Specialty, 
General  Surgery. 

VAN  WINKLE,  0.,  Oakdale,  California,  born  March  8, 
1863,  Bergen  County,  New  Jersey.  College  of  City  of 
New  York  (A.B.),  1884;  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, New  York  (M.D.),  1887.  Interne  October,  1887— 
April,  1889. 

WAITE,  Frank  Louis,  68  Pratt  Street,  Hartford,  Con- 
necticut. Bellevue  (M.D.),  1888.  Interne  October,  1888 
—April,  1890.  Oculist  and  Aurist,  St.  Francis  and  Hart- 
ford Hospitals.  Specialty,  Ophthalmology  and  Otology. 
Member  Connecticut  State,  Hartford  County,  and  Hart- 
ford City  Medical  Associations;  American  Ophthalmo- 
logical  Society. 

WALDO,  Ralph,  59  West  Fifty-fourth  Street,  New 
York  City,  born  September  24,  1860,  Scotland,  Connecti- 
cut. University  of  New  York  (M.D.),  1882.   Interne  Oc- 

216 


tober,  1881— April,  1883.  Professor  Gynecology,  New 
York  Post-Graduate.  Visiting  Gynecologist,  Lebanon 
Hospital.  Specialty,  Gynecology  and  Surgery.  Member 
County  and  State  Medical  Societies;  County  and  State 
Medical  Associations;  Lenox  Medical,  Harlem  Medical, 
Obstetrical  and  Medico-Chirurgical  Societies;  Academy 
of  Medicine;  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 
(Secretary,  1894.) 

WALKER,  David  Ernest,  254  West  Forty-fifth  Street, 
New  York  City,  born  February  8,  1859,  South  Carolina. 
Erskine  College  (A.B.),  1881;  University  of  New  York 
(M.D.),  1885.  Interne  October,  1885- April,  1887.  Spe- 
cialty, Gynecology.  Formerly  Attending  Surgeon,  North- 
ern Dispensary;  Assistant  Attending  Surgeon,  Manhat- 
tan Eye  and  Ear  Hospital  and  New  York  Polyclinic. 
Member  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine;  County  Medi- 
cal Society;  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 
(Secretary,  1891;  Treasurer,  1902;  Vice-President,  1902; 
President,  1903). 

WARDLOW,  Yeatman,  120  East  Broad  Street,  Colum- 
bus, Ohio.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  189L 
Interne  April,  1891— October,  1892. 

WARE,  Lyman,  4424  Drexel  Boulevard,  Chicago,  Illi- 
nois, born  November  11,  1841,  Granville,  Illinois.  North- 
western University  (M.D.),  1866;  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania (M.D.),  1868.  Interne  October,  1866— October, 
1867.  Post-Graduate  Study  in  Vienna  and  London.  Spe- 
cialty, Ophthalmology.  Formerly  Ophthalmic  Surgeon, 
Illinois  Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  Presbyterian 
Hospital  and  Orphan  Asylum;  Cook  County  Hospital . 
Translator  Dr.  Van  Ailts  ' 4  Diseases  of  the  Eye. 1 '  Mem- 
ber American  Medical,  State  Medical  Associations;  Chi- 
cago Medical  Society;  Chicago  Gynecological  Society. 

W ATKINS,  W.  B.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
New  York  (M.D.),  1895.  Interne  December,  1896- June, 
1898.  j 

217 


WATERMAN,  Jerome  Hilton,  50  West  Fifty-first 
Street,  New  York  City,  born  London,  Canada,  May  31, 
1871.  Harvard  (M.D.),  1893.  Interne  April,  1894-De- 
cember,  1895.  Lecturer  on  Surgery  and  Instructor  in 
Operative  Surgery,  New  York  Polyclinic;  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, Hospital  Euptured  and  Crippled.  Member  Ameri- 
can Orthopedic  Society;  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity) 
Hospital;  Harvard  Medical  Society;  County  Medical 
Society. 

WEISS,  George  C,  154  Stevens  Avenue,  Mount  Ver- 
non, New  York.  Bellevue  (M.D.),  1882.  Interne  October, 
1883— April,  1884.  Visiting  Surgeon,  Mouot  Vernon  Hos- 
pital. Member  American  and  New  York  State  Medical 
Associations;  New  York  State  Medical  Society;  Society 
Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

WELCH,  Harry  Little,  44  College  Street,  New  Haven, 
Connecticut,  born  November  6,  1871,  Winstead,  Connecti- 
cut. Yale  University  (B.A.),  1894;  (M.D.),  1897.  Interne 
December,  1897— December,  1898.  Post-Graduate  Study 
in  Vienna,  Freiburg  and  Berlin.  Instructor  in  Anatomy, 
Yale  Medical  School;  Assistant  Gynecologist,  New  Haven 
Dispensary.  Member  New  Haven  Medical,  Connecticut 
State  Medical  Associations ;  Yale  Medical  Alumni  Associ- 
ation. 

WELCH,  John  Edgar,  120  East  Thirty-first  Street, 
New  York  City,  born  Bloomington,  Illinois,  1872.  Wes- 
leyan  University  (B.S.),  1896;  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1900.  Interne  April,  1901— 
April,  1903.  Instructor  in  Pathology,  New  York  Uni- 
versity and  Bellevue  Medical  College.  Ex-Interne  Lin- 
coln Hospital,  New  York.  Member  University  and  Belle- 
vue Medical  Societies. 

WELLS,  Brooks  Hugh,  34  West  Forty-fifth  Street,  New 
York  City,  born  July  28,  1859,  New  Haven,  Connecticut. 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.), 

218 


1884.  Interne  April,  1884- October,  1885.  Professor 
Gynecology,  New  York  Polyclinic;  Editor  of  American 
Journal  of  Obstetrics  and  American  Edition  of  Pozzi's 
Gynecology.  Specialty,  Gynecology  and  Abdominal  Sur- 
gery. Member  American  Gynecological,  New  York  Ob- 
stetrical Societies;  Academy  of  Medicine;  Society  Alufcnni 
City  (Charity)  Hospital  (Vice-President,  1896;  President, 
1897). 

WELLS,  Franklin  C,  175  Belleville  Avenue,  Bloom- 
field,  New  Jersey,  born  May  5,  1860,  Chicago,  Illinois. 
Bellevue  (M.D.),  1887.  Interne  March,  1887-October, 
1888.  Formerly  Professor,  Materia  Medica  and  Thera- 
peutics, Women's  Medical  College,  Chicago;  Teacher, 
Protestant  College,  Syria;  Member  Therapeutics, 
Women's  Therapeutical  and  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion; Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

WELLS,  F.  M.,  deceased.  Interne  October,  1879— 
April,  1881. 

WELLS,  Fred  Lloyd,  Des  Moines,  Iowa.  Bellevue 
(M.D.),  1888.  Interne  April,  1888-October,  1889.  At- 
tending Physician,  Emergency  Hospital;  Physician, 
Board  of  Health. 

WELLS,  Jonathan  Godfrey,  109  West  Eighty-second. 
Street,  New  York  City,  born  January  1,  1877,  Southport, 
Connecticut.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New 
York  (M.D.),  1900.  Interne  August,  1900— December, 
1901.  Clinical  Assistant,  New  York  Post-Graduate ;  Mem- 
ber Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

WHEELER,  Robert  Taylor,  210  Lee  Avenue,  Brooklyn, 
New  York,  born  November  15,  1868,  Tannworth,  Ontario, 
Canada.  Yale  University  (Ph.B.),  1889;  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1892.  Interne 
April,  1892— October,  1893.    Medical  Inspector,  Depart- 

219 


ment  of  Health.  Member  Kings  County  Medical  Society; 
Brooklyn  Medical  Society;  Secretary  Section  on  Pedia- 
trics, Kings  County  Medical  Society. 

WHERRY,  Elmer  George,  414  Clinton  Avenue,  New- 
ark, New  Jersey,  born  November  3,  1869,  Shanghai, 
China.  Princeton  University  (A.B.),  1893;  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1896.  In- 
terne December,  1897— June,  1899.  Assistant  Visiting 
Physician,  Babies'  Hospital;  Clinical  Physician,  Eye  and 
Ear  Infirmary.  Specialty,  Pediatrics.  Member  Newark 
Medical,  Essex  District  Medical  Societies;  Society 
Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital. 

WHITE,  A.  Campbell,  537  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York 
City.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1891.  Interne  October,  1891 -April,  1893.  For- 
merly Resident  Physician,  Willard  Parker  Hospital. 

WHITE,  Franklin  H.,  Hackensack,  New  Jersey.  Uni- 
versity of  New  York  (M.D.),  1882.  Interne  October,  1883 
—April,  1884.  Visiting  Surgeon,  Hackensack  Hospital. 
Member  Jersey  State  Medical  Society. 

WHITE,  Granville  M.,  32  Nassau  Street,  New  York 
City.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),1884.  Interne  October,  1884- April,  1886.  Mem- 
ber Academy  of  Medicine  and  County  Medical  Society; 
Society  Alumni  City  (Charity)  Hospital  (Vice-President, 
1889).  Medical  Director  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Com- 
pany. 

WHITWELL,  William  Scollay,  born  April  14,  1846, 
Keene,  New  Hampshire;  died  April  8, 1903,  at  Fishkill-on- 
the-Hudson.  Harvard  University  (A.B.),  1869;  (M.D.), 
1872.  Interne  April,  1872— April,  1873.  Post-Graduate 
Study  in  Vienna,  Berlin  and  Breslau.  Formerly  on  Resi- 
dent Staff,  Utica  Hospital  for  Insane;  Ex-Inteme, 
Women  's  Hospital,  New  York. 

220 


WIESNER,  Daniel  H.,  162  East  Forty-sixth  Street, 
New  York  City,  born  April  6,  1859,  New  York  City.  Uni- 
versity of  New  York  (M.D.),  1879.  Interne  April,  1879- 
October,  1880.  Assistant  Surgeon,  Manhattan  Eye  and 
Ear  Hospital.  Formerly  Ophthalmic  Surgeon,  Post- 
Graduate  Hospital;  Demilt  and  Presbyterian  Dispen- 
saries. Specialty,  Eye  and  Ear.  Member  County  Medical 
Society;  Academy  of  Medicine;  Society  Alumni  City 
(Charity)  Hospital. 

WIGGIN,  J.,  Interne  October,  1879- April,  1881. 

WILLIAMS,  H.  R.,  died  1886.  Interne  April,  1869- 
April,  1870. 

WILLIAMS,  Robert  Findlater,  14  North  Third  Street, 
Richmond,  Virginia,  born  May  23,  1869,  Kichmond,  Vir- 
ginia. University  of  Virginia  (Ph.B.),  1890;  (M.A.), 
1891;  (M.D.),  1892.  Interne  October,  1892- April,  1894. 
Professor,  Materia  and  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  Rich- 
mond Medical  College;  Visiting  Physician,  Memorial 
Hospital;  Consulting  Physician,  Free  Dispensary.  For- 
merly Visiting  Physician,  Old  Dominion  Hospital,  Post- 
Graduate  Study  in  Vienna,  1894-1895.  Member  German 
Medical  Society;  American  Medical  Association;  South- 
ern Surgical  and  Ophthalmological  Societies;  Richmond 
Academy  of  Medicine;  Honorary  Member  Chesterfield 
County  Society. 

WILLIS,  Charles  N.,  died  while  on  duty  in  City 
Hospital,  April  2,  1883. 

WILSON,  Arthur  Lee,  Lynchburg,  Virginia,  born 
November  16,  1874,  Washington,  District  Columbia. 
Columbian  University  (A.B.),  1894;  Bellevue  (M.D.), 
1897.  Interne  December,  1897— June,  1899.  Visiting 
Physician,  Odd  Fellows'  Hospital,  Home  and  Retreat. 
Member  Medical  Society  of  Virginia. 

221 


WILSON,  Frank  Caruthers,  405  West  Chestnut  Street, 
Louisville,  Kentucky,  born  July  26,  1864,  Lexington,  Vir- 
ginia. Washington  College,  Lexington  (A.B.),  1866; 
University  of  Virginia  (M.D.),  1867.  Interne  October, 
1867— April,  1869.  Professor,  Physical  Diagnosis,  Hospi- 
tal Medical  College ;  Consulting  Physician,  Louisville  City 
Hospital;  Visiting  Physician,  Gray  Street  Infirmary. 
Former] y  Professor  of  Physiology,  Hospital  Medical  Col- 
lege. Specialty,  Diseases  of  the  Chest.  Author  "  Sylla- 
bus of  Physiology. ' 9  Member  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion; Kentucky  State  Medical,  Jefferson  County  Medical 
and  Medico-Surgical  Societies. 

WILSON,  John  S.,  22  South  Hamilton  Street,  Pough- 
keepsie,  New  York,  born  January  10,  1855,  Stuyvesant, 
New  York.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New 
York  (M.D.),  1887.  Interne  April,  1887-October,  1888. 
Health  Officer,  Poughkeepsie.  Formerly  Major  and  Sur- 
geon, Twenty-second  Regiment,  New  York  Volunteers. 
Post-Graduate  Study,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1903. 
Member  Dutchess  County  Medical  Society. 

WITHERSTINE,  Christopher  Sumner,  5450  German- 
town  Avenue,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  born  February 
15,  1854,  New  York  City.  College  City  New  York  (B.S.), 
1875;  (M.S.),  1878;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
New  York  (M.D.),  1878.  Interne  April,  1878-October, 
1879.  Formerly  Visiting  Physician,  Germantown  Alms- 
house; Germantown  Hospital;  Home  for  Aged,  Little  Sis- 
ters of  the  Poor.  Clinical  Assistant,  Jefferson  College 
Hospital.  Specialty,  Laryngology  and  Ehinology.  Edi- 
tor International  Pocket  Medical  Formulary;  Associate 
Editor,  Universal  Medical  Science;  Sajou's  Annual 
Analytical  Cyclopedia  of  Practical  Medicine.  Associate 
Member  La  Societie  Francaise  d 'Hygiene,  Paris.  His- 
torical Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

WOLEY,  Harry  Percival,  5509  Minerva  Avenue, 
Chicago,  Illinois,  born  June  8,  1864,  Maquokuta,  Iowa. 

222 


Hamilton  College  (A.B.),  1887;  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  New  York  (M.D.),  1890.  Interne  October, 
1890— April,  1892.  Clinical  Lecturer  on  Medicine,  North- 
western University;  Visiting  Orthopedic  Surgeon,  St. 
Luke 's  Hospital  Dispensary.  Member  American  Medical 
Association;  Physicians '  Club;  Chicago  Medical,  Orth- 
opedic Societies. 

WOLFE,  Edwin  P.,  Captain  and  Assistant  Surgeon, 
United  States  Army,  born  Page  County,  Iowa,  March  19, 
1871.  Amity  College  (B.A.),  1892;  Columbian  University, 
Washington  (M.D.),  1896.  Interne  June,  1896— Decem- 
ber, 1897.  Member  Association  of  Military  Surgeons. 

WOOD,  Benjamin,  Flushing,  New  York,  born  July  30, 
1847.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1879.  Interne  April,  1878-October,  1879.  For- 
merly Police  Surgeon,  New  York  City.  Member  Queens 
County  Medical,  Nassau  Medical  Societies;  Physicians' 
Mutual  Aid  Association.  Eetired  from  active  practice  in 
1902. 

WOODS,  J.  B.,  Tsing-Kiang-Pu,  China,  born  Charlotte- 
ville,  Virginia,  October  16,  1867.  University  of  Virginia 
(M.A.),  (M.D.),  1890.  Interne  October,  1890-April, 
1892.  Ex-Interne  Hudson  Street  Hospital.  Eesident  Phy- 
sician, Hospital  at  Tsing-Kiang-Pu.  Specialty,  Surgery 
and  Ophthalmology. 

WOODWARD,  Albert  Pierson,  312  Haight  Street,  San 
Francisco,  California,  born  May  11,  1855,  Pleas  ant  ville, 
Iowa.  Pacific  Methodist  College  (A.B.) ;  (A.M.) ;  Belle- 
vue  (M.D.),  1868.  Interne  April,  1886-October,  1887. 
Professor  Dermatology,  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, San  Francisco;  Consulting  Physician,  Children's 
Hospital.  Ex-Interne,  Skin  and  Cancer  Hospital.  Spe- 
cialty, Dermatology.  Ex-President,  San  Francisco  County 
Medical  Society;  Member  American  Medical  Association; 
City  Medical  Society. 

223 


WOOLWORTH,  Earl  W.,  died  February  6, 1903.  Uni- 
versity of  New  York  (M.D.),  1897.  Interne  June,  1897- 
December,  1898.  Practiced  in  Brooklyn. 

WORTH,  G.  B.,  China.  Medical  Missionary.  Interne 
April,  1893-October,  1894. 

WYETH,  Marlboro  C,  Major  and  Surgeon,  U.S.A., 
born  September  16,  1855,  Woonsocket,  Rhode  Island. 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  (M.D.),  1896.  In- 
terne October,  1896— December,  1897.  Attending  Phy- 
sician, Northern  Dispensary;  Assistant,  Vanderbilt  Clinic. 
Member  County  Medical  Society;  Medical  Association, 
Greater  New  York. 

YALE,  Le  Roy  Milton,  432  Madison  Avenue,  New  York 
City.  Columbia  University  (A.B.),  1862;  (A.M.),  1865; 
Bellevue  (M.D.),  1866.  Interne  April,  1866-October, 
1866.  Formerly  Attending  Surgeon,  City  Hospital; 
Bellevue  and  Presbyterian  Hospitals,  O.P.D.  Member 
American  Pediatric  Society;  Academy  of  Medicine; 
County  Medical  Society;  Society  Alumni  City  (Charity) 
Hospital  (Honorary). 

YOUNG,  Howard  H.,  Eiverhead,  New  York,  born  Sep- 
tember 27,  1861,  Eiverhead,  New  York.  Bellevue  (M.D.), 
1884.  Interne  October,  1884— October,  1885.  Ex-Interne 
New  York  Eye  and  Ear  Hospital.  Specialty,  Eye,  Ear, 
Nose  and  Throat.  Member  Suffolk  County  Medical  So- 
ciety and  Associated  Physicians  of  Long  Island. 

YOCUM,  Joseph  Grant,  Presbyterian  Hospital,  New 
York,  born  August  26,  1877,  Leland  Stanford  University, 
1897;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York 
(M.D.),  1901.  Interne  December,  1901— December,  1903. 
Ex-Inteme  Presbyterian  Hospital. 


224 


EX-HOUSE  PHYSICIANS  AND  SURGEONS. 


Alphabetically  arranged  according  to  Counties,  States, 
and  Towns. 

UNITED  STATES  ARMY. 

Clarke,  J.  T. 
Derr,  E.  Z. 
Egan,  P.  E. 
Ives,  F.  J. 
Johnson,  E.  W. 
Polhemns,  A.  S. 
Quinton,  W.  W. 
Eafferty,  0. 
Eaymond,  T.  V. 
Eichard,  C. 
Wolf,  E.  P. 
Wyeth,  M.  C. 

UNITED  STATES  NAVY. 

Drake,  N.  H. 
Foster,  T.  G. 

Green,  E.  H. 
Holloway,  J.  H. 
Taylor,  J.  S. 

CANADA. 

Montreal. 

Gilday,  A.  L.  C,  71  Seymour  Avenue. 

225 


Winnipeg. 

Leney,  J.  M. 

NOVA  SCOTIA. 

Halifax. 

Block,  J.  F.,  91  College  Street. 
Farrell,  E. 

ONTARIO. 

Guelph. 

Smillie,  J. 

Seaforth. 
Gninlock,  W.  C. 

Toronto. 

McCartney,  G. 

CENTRAL  AMERICA. 

Costa  Rica. 
Flores,  K.  G. 
Morales,  E. 

San  Jose. 

Eucavado,  G. 

Tsing  Kiang  Pu. 

Woods,  J.  B. 


CHINA. 


ENGLAND. 

London. 

Eockwell,  J.  H.,  6  Princess  St.,  Bank. 

JAPAN. 

Yokohama. 

Tripler,  T.  H. 

SWEDEN. 

Stockholm. 

Thelberg,  M.  A.  H. 

226 


TURKEY. 

Constantinople. 

Ottley,  C.  "W.,  Roberts'  College. 

UNITED  STATES  OF  COLOMBIA  (South  America) 

Mompas. 

Pereira,  B. 


ALABAMA. 


CALIFORNIA. 


Birmingham. 

Toole,  A.  F. 
Cocke,  P.  L. 

Montgomery. 

Gaston,  J.  L. 


Oakdale. 

Van  Winkle,  0. 

Eldridge  (Sonoma  Co.). 

Dawson,  W.  J.  Gr. 

Los  Angeles. 

Brill,  W.,  341*  Spring  St. 
Percival,  F.  R.,  2635  W.  Pico  St. 

Pasadena. 

McBride,  J.  H. 

Quincy  (Plumas  Co.). 

McChesney,  J. 
San  Francisco. 

Woodward,  A.  P.,  312  Haight  St. 

COLORADO. 

Colorado  Springs. 

Gardiner,  C.  F. 

227 


Denver. 

Jayne,  W.  A. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Bridgeport. 

Bowers,  W.  Z. 

Goodwin,  C.  S.,  527  State  St. 

Hartford. 

Bacon,  W.  T. 

Conklin,  J.  H.,  51  Pratt  St. 
Davis,  Gr.  P. 

Knight,  W.  W.,  96  Trumbull  St. 
Waite,  F.  L.,  68  Pratt  St. 

Middletown. 

Edgerton,  F.  D. 

New  Haven. 

Sullivan,  J.  F.,  304  Exchange  St. 
Welch,  H.  L.,  44  College  St. 

Saugatuck. 
Eno,  H.  C. 

Saybrook. 

Spencer,  W.  D. 

South  Manchester. 

Bradley,  M.  S. 

South  Norwalk. 

Clark,  A.  N. 

Stamford. 

Pierson,  S. 

Torrington. 

Pratt,  E. 

Waterbury. 

Ashley,  E.  F. 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

Washington. 

Baker,  R.  W.,  1816  I  St.,  N.  W. 
Bryan,  J.  H.,  818  17th  St. 
Hardin,  B.  L.,  1132  Connecticut  Ave. 
Howard,  C.  N.,  1936  Cincinnati  St. 
Van  Rensselaer,  J. 

FLORIDA. 

Jacksonville. 

Bacon,  H.,  401  W.  Duval  St. 

GEORGIA. 

Atlanta. 

Hull,  M.  McH. 
Roy,  C.  D. 

Columbus. 

Stewart,  W.  W. 

ILLINOIS. 

Chicago. 

Anway,  J.,  103  State  St. 
Lydston,  Gr.  F.,  100  State  St. 
Newburgh,  J.  S.,  4500  Vincennes  Ave. 
Paine,  A.  G.,  8964  Drexel  Boulevard. 
Quinlan,  W.  W.,  103  State  St. 
Schlierbach,  T.  L.,  6558  Normal  Ave. 
Ware,  L.,  4424  Drexel  Boulevard. 
Woley,  H.  P.,  6509  Minerva  Ave. 

Evanston. 

Dakin,  F.  C,  1419  Chicago  Ave. 
McGrange. 

Trask,  F. 
229 


INDIANA. 

Evansville. 

Little,  H.  W. 

Fort  Wayne.  f^^A^TCV; 
Deming,  N.  L. 

IOWA. 

Burlington. 

Leipziger,  H.  A. 

Des  Moines. 

Wells,  F.  L. 

Marshalltown  (Marshall  Co.) 

Harris,  G.  W. 

KENTUCKY. 

Lexington. 

Bullock,  T.  S. 

Louisville. 

Wilson,  F.  C,  405  W.  Chestnut  St. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Cambridge. 

Clancy,  W.  EL,  80  Otis  St. 

Great  Barrington. 

Chapin,  C.  S. 

Marlborough. 

McCarthy,  P.  F. 

New  Bedford. 

Pierce,  A.  M. 

Pittsfield. 

Swift,  Z.  C. 

Springfield. 
Lynch,  C.  F. 

230 


MICHIGAN. 

Grand  Rapids. 

Boise,  E. 

Stanton. 

Carle,  C.  A. 

MINNESOTA. 

St.  Paul. 

Bettinger,  J.  W.,  383  Endicott  Arcade. 
Buckley,  E.  W.,  Ernst  Bldg. 

Columbus. 

Sykes,  E.  L. 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Columbus. 

Sykes,  E.  L. 

Farrell. 
Carson,  J.  B. 

Vaiden. 

Fullilove,  T.  W. 

MISSOURI. 

Kansas  City. 

Mallett,  E.  P.,  404  Bryant  Bldg. 
Talbot,  A.,  203  Eialto  Bldg. 

St.  Louis. 

Dudley,  C.  E.,  4612  Finney  Ave. 
Larew,  J.  J.,  1100  N.  Carson  Ave. 
Moore,  B.  W.,  3634  Washington  Ave. 
Eobertson,  W.  M.,  2608  Locust  St. 

St.  Paul. 

Stewart,  J.  H.,  425  Portland  Ave. 

NEBRASKA. 

Lincoln. 

Giffen,  E.  E. 
231 


Omaha. 

Hoffman,  0.,  566  S.  38th  St. 
Milroy,  W.  F.,  312  McCagne  Bldg. 
Slabaugh,  W.  H. 

Scribner. 

Inches,  C. 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Bloomfield. 

Wells,  F.  C,  175  Belleville  Ave. 

*  Bridgeton. 

Tomlinson,  J. 

East  Orange. 

Potter,  P.  A.,  469  Main  St. 

Hackensack. 

White,  F.  H. 

Long  Branch. 

Hughes,  H. 

Montclair. 

Newton,  R.  C,  42  Chnrch  St. 

Newark. 

Corwin,  T.  W.,  5  W.  Park  St. 
Murray,  E.  W.,  493  Summer  Ave. 
Quimby,  W.  O'G.,  80  Columbia  St. 
Wherry,  E.  G.,  414  Clinton  Ave. 

New  Brunswick. 

Alsop,  Thomas. 

Orange. 

Maghee,  J.  M. 

Paterson. 

Johnson,  W.  B. 

232 


Perth  Amboy. 

Brace,  H.  M. 

Plainfield. 

Manning,  A. 

Rahway. 

Cladex,  W.  E. 
Gallaway,  G.  E. 

Rutherford. 

Eassman,  W.  H.,  71  Minor  Ave. 

NEW  MEXICO. 

Faxmington. 

Rosenthal,  A. 

NEW  YORK. 

Binghamton. 

Hutchinson,  H.  S.,  Grand  Boulevarde. 
Shellman,  A.  P.,  457  Chenango  St. 
Smith,  E.  L. 

Brooklyn. 

Bellows,  C.  W.,  433  Nostrand  Ave. 

Billings,  A.  W.,  Second  Ave  and  47th  St. 

Blackmar,  B.  G.,  313  Ovington  Ave. 

Blake,  J.  A.,  352  Jefferson  Ave. 

Brandt,  W.  J.,  379  Union  St. 

Brinckman,  A.,  176  Bergen  St. 

Corwin,  B.  F.,  Amersfort  Place,  Flatbush  Ave. 

Estabrook,  C.  R.,  9307  Flatlands  Ave. 

Ford,  A.  W.,  244  Clinton  St. 

Hamlin,  G.  D.,  143  Kent  St. 

Hewitt,  W.  B.,  227  Furman  Ave. 

Higley,  H.  A.,  227  Park  Ave. 

Haddad,  R.  G.,  84  State  St. 

Kessler,  G.  L.,  588  Bedford  Ave. 

233 


Meyer,  J.,  252  Vernon  Ave. 
Pomeroy,  E.  D.,  511  Nostrand  Ave. 
Sullivan,  J.  D.,  74  McDonough  St. 
Taddiken,  P.  G.,  Long  Island  State  Hospital. 
Wheeler,  E.  T.,  210  Lee  Ave. 

Buffalo. 

Jewett,  C.  E.,  1299  Main  St. 
Jewett,  C.  L.,  892  Main  St. 

Camden. 

Smith,  A.  H. 

Central  Valley. 

Sprague,  D.  H. 

Cold  Spring. 

Giles,  E. 

Coming. 

Hutton,  E.  H. 

Cornwall-on-Hudson. 

Harrison,  S.  D. 

Flushing. . 

Wood,  B. 

Fredonia. 

Eichmond,  N.  G. 

Fulton. 

Lee,  C.  E. 
Herkimer. 
Burgess,  M.  G. 

Jamestown. 
Grafstrom,  A.  V. 
Little  Falls. 
Earl,  W.  P. 
234 


Long  Island  City. 

Kennedy,  J.  B.,  139  Fifth  Street. 

Malone. 

Phelps,  S. 

Mount  Morris. 

Dunlop,  S.  R. 

Mount  Vernon. 

Bertine,  L.  E. 

Carter,  T.  R.,  57  South  Second  Avenue. 
Glover,  F.  R. 

Hughes,  J.  L.,  21  Archer  Avenue. 
Weiss,  G.  C,  154  Stevens  Avenue. 

Newburgh. 

Adams,  A.  E. 

New  York  City. 

Abrams,  Alexander,  314  E.  119th  St. 
Aldrich,  J.,  164  W.  81st  St. 
Amador,  M.,  187  Park  Ave. 
Ambrose,  D.  R.,  334  W.  30th  St. 
Andrews,  J.  L.,  1332  Lexington  Ave. 
Antony,  C.  L.,  220  E.  123d  St. 
Baner,  W.  L.,  72  W.  45th  St. 
Barker,  H.  L.,  Woodside. 
Bartley,  J.  A.,  1046  Ogden  Avenue. 
Bissell,  J.  B.,  46  W.  55th  St. 
Boyd,  W.  A.,  362  Willis  Ave. 
Boyde,  A.  S.,  75  W.  55th  St. 
Breckwedel,  H.  B.,  313  W.  87th  St. 
Bridges,  A.  C,  344  W.  28th  St. 
Bulkley,  L.  C,  531  Madison  Ave. 
Bunnell,  G.  L.,  2044  Madison  Ave. 
235 


Burns,  J.  F.,  462  Jackson  Ave. 
Callan,  P.  A.,  35  W.  38th  St. 
Carey,  H.  L.  K,  251  E.  30th  St. 
Carpenter,  F.  B.,  17  E.  38th  St. 
Carr,  M.  L.,  353  W.  57th  St. 
Carr,  W.  L.,  68  W.  51st  St. 
Child,  C.  G.,  Jr.,  61  W.  45th  St. 
Cleveland,  C,  59  W.  38th  St. 
Cole,  C.  S.,  122  W.  73d  St. 
Collyer,  H.  L.,  153  W.  77th  St. 
Connors,  J.  F.,  117  W.  83d  St. 
Coughlin,  J.  H.,  307  E.  Broadway. 
Cremin,  P.  W.,  856  Lexington  Ave. 
Delavan,  D.  Bryson,  1  E.  33d  St. 

Denslow,  LeG.  W.,  Bretton  Hall,  Broadway  and  85th  St. 
Dew,  J.  H.,  65  W.  58th  St. 
Dillon,  C.  J.,  218  W.  71st  St. 
Donovan,  Wm,  125  E.  106th  St. 
Feinberg,  J.  S.,  316  E.  79th  St. 

Ferguson,  B.,  Northern  Dispensary,  Waverly  Place  and 

Christopher  St. 
Ferrer,  J.  M.,  441  Park  Ave. 
Fiske,  J.  P.,  1692  Broadway. 
Fitzpatrick,  C.  B.,  350  W.  71st  St. 
Fleming,  E.  M.,  1826  Madison  Ave. 
Fletcher,  N.  De  L.,  180  E.  93d  St. 
Foote,  S.  K.,  207  W.  103d  St. 
Ford,  C.  M.,  523  W.  141st  St. 
Frank,  S.  G.,  1885  Lexington  Ave. 
Fraser,  R.,  55  W.  104th  St. 
Freeland,  J.,  45  W.  32d  St. 
Gaunt,  T.  T.,  11  W.  26th  St. 
Gilley,  W.  C,  245  W.  11th  St. 

236 


Gottheil,  W.  S.,  144  W.  48th  St. 
Guilshon,  J.  J.,  236  W.  122d  St. 
Guiteras,  E.,  75  W.  55th  St. 
Hagan,  H.  L.,  200  W.  76th  St. 
Haney,  J.  P.,  500  Park  Ave. 
Harrison,  G.,  63  W.  51st  St. 
Hawes,  W.  A.,  787  Lexington  Ave. 
Hazen,  H.  C,  66  W.  56th  St. 
Healy,  W.  C,  346  W.  57th  St. 
Heger,  A.,  49  St.  Nicholas  Ave. 
Heller,  T.  F.,  109  W.  88th  St. 
Henry,  J.  P.,  329  W.  58th  St. 
Heydecker,  H.  E.,  61  Fifth  Ave. 
Hill,  E.  Y.,  Ill  W.  71st  St. 
Hitchcock,  A.  G.,  51  W.  29th  St. 
Hodgson,  J.  H.  E.,  29  Washington  Sq.,  N. 
Holmes,  J.  F.,  1043  Boston  Eoad. 
Hough,  P.  B.,  123  E.  76th  St. 
Huber,  J.  B.,  44  E.  64th  St. 
Hustace,  F.,  413  Madison  Ave. 
Jarecky,  H.,  115  W.  121st  St. 

J ohnson,  H.  D.,  Bretton  Hall,  Broadway  and  85th  St. 

Kane,  A.  M.,  349  W.  34th  St. 

Katzenberg,  M.,  1315  Madison  Ave. 

Kennedy,  J.  M.,  168  W.  97th  St. 

Klotz,  W.  C,  126  W.  45th  St. 

Knickerbocker,  George  S.,  145  W.  128th  St. 

Kohn,  A.,  122  E.  58th  St. 

Kohn,  S.,  13  E.  75th  St. 

Landsman,  S.  M.,  220  E.  19th  St. 

Leon,  A.  M.,  79  E.  56th  St. 

Livingston,  E.  P.,  189  Convent  Ave. 

Ludbrook,  W.  W.,  426  Lenox  Ave. 

237 


Lyle,  A.,  1043  Madison  Ave. 

Lynde,  N.  W.,  55  W.  91st  St. 

McAuliffe,  G.  B.,  57  E.  65th  St. 

McCabe,  J.,  78  Washington  Place. 

McCafferty,  J.  A.,  205  W.  105th  St. 

McDermott,  J.,  225  E.  14th  S. 

McGay,  E.  J.,  61  E.  54th  St. 

McMannis,  W.  T.,  320  W.  45th  St. 

Mallett,  G-.  H.,  144  W.  71st  St. 

Manges,  M.,  941  Madison  Ave. 

Marcns,  L.,  1215  Madison  Ave. 

Marx,  S.,  947  Madison  Ave. 

Matthews,  F.  C,  Students'  Club. 

Maupin,  E.  G.,  151  E.  127th  St. 

Maury,  J.  W.  D.,  264  W.  57th  St. 

Mayer,  A.,  40  E.  60th  St. 

Meeker,  H.  D.,  41  W.  71st  St. 

Meirowitz,  P.,  202  W.  135th  St. 

Merrigan,  T.  D.,  167th  St.  and  Kingsbridge  Road. 

Meyer,  A.  E.,  146  W.  95th  St. 

Michaelis,  L.  M.,  1090  Lexington  Ave. 

Moore,  A.  A.,  48  E.  31st  St. 

Moore,  W.,  320  Broadway. 

Moore,  W.  O.,  42  E.  29th  St. 

Morrison,  W.  H.,  163  W.  105th  St. 

Munson,  E.,  Davidson  Ave.  and  184th  St. 

Murtland,  S.,  14  "W.  47th  St. 

Myers,  H.  G.,  175  W.  73d  St. 

Newman,  A.  M.,  110  W.  75th  St. 

O'Brien,  M.  C,  161  W.  122d  St. 

Ogilvy,  C,  125  W.  58th  St. 

Oppenheim,  N.,  50  E.  79th  St. 

Oppenheimer,  H.  S.,  16  E.  32d  St. 

238 


Partridge,  E.  L.,  19  Fifth  Ave. 
Piffard,  H.  G.,  256  W.  57th  St. 
Plimpton,  W.  0.,  19  W.  84th  St. 
Primrose,  A.  J.,  118  W.  101st  St. 
Proben,  C.  J.,  136  E.  70th  St. 
Quin,  V.  E.,  909  Cauldwell  Ave. 
Quinn,  J.  F.,  102  Waverley  Place. 
Eeid,  R.  W.,  267  W.  114th  St. 
Eeilly,  T.  F.,  204  W.  141st  St. 
Reynolds,  W.  S.,  61  W.  71st  St. 
Rice,  C.  C,  123  E.  19th  St. 
Rockwell,  A.  V.,  4247  Third  Ave. 
Rupp,  Adolph,  359  W.  34th  St. 
Russell,  J.  F.,  21  W.  11th  St. 
Schoonover,  W.,  115  E.  59th  St. 
Schroeder,  H.  H.,  32  Nassau  St. 
Searles,  D.  W.,  8  W.  67th  St. 
Shears,  Gr.  P.,  203  W.  103d  St. 
Shrady,  J.  E.,  140  E.  126th  St. 
Sigler,  H.  B.,  206  W.  106th  St. 
Sill,  E.  M.,  222  W.  59th  St. 
Smith,  D.  H.,  34  W.  37th  St. 
Somerset,  "W.  L.,  83  Lexington  Ave. 
Spiller,  W.  H.,  307  2d  Ave. 
Stark,  N.  N.,  221  W.  128th  St. 
Steers,  T.  H.,  410  W.  43d  St. 
Steinach,  W.,  134  E.  18th  St. 
Stephen  .ii,  C,  1227  Lexington  Ave. 
Stewart,  D.  H.,  121  W.  88th  St. 
Stewart,  W.  H.,  2017  Fifth  Ave. 
Steiglitz,  E.,  247  W.  122d  St. 
Stimson,  D.  McM.,  11  W.  17th  St. 
Stone,  W.  R.,  66  W.  49th  St. 

239 


Stowell,  W.  L.,  160  W.  73d  St. 
Swasey,  J.  H.,  34  E.  28th  St. 
Taylor,  F.  L.,  173  W.  73d  St. 
Terriberry,  J.  F.,  120  "W.  73d  St. 
Thompson,  C.  N.,  100  W.  82d  St. 
Tobias,  L.,  326  E.  52d  St. 
Torrens,  B.,  44  W.  115th  St. 
Tousey,  E.,  259  W.  139th  St. 
Tynberg,  S.,  1329  Madison  Ave. 
Waldo,  B,,  59  W.  54th  St. 
Walker,  D.  E.,  254  W.  45th  St. 
Waterman,  J.  H.,  50  W.  51st  St. 
Wells,  B.  H.,  34  W.  45th  St. 
Wells,  J.  G.,  109  W.  82d  St. 
White,  A.  C,  537  Fifth  Ave. 
White,  G.  M.,  32  Nassau  St, 
Wiesner,  D.  H.,  162  E.  46th  St. 
Wynkoop,  D.  W.,  128  Madison  Ave. 
Yale,  Leroy  M.,  432  Madison  Ave. 
Yocum,  J.  G.,  Presbyterian  Hospital. 

Northport. 

Donahue,  G.  H. 

Patchogne. 

Overton,  F. 

Patterson  (Putnam  Co.). 

Banks,  G. 

Poughkeepsie. 

Wilson,  J.  S.,  22  S.  Hamilton  St. 

Riverhead. 

Young,  J.  H. 
'HO 


Rochester. 

Pike,  A.  S.,  303  Alexander  Ave. 

Schenectady. 

Saunders,  N.  B. 

Sherburne. 

Gorton,  0.  A. 

Syracuse. 

Breese,  A.  B. 

Utica. 

Ford,  W.  E. 

Johnston,  A.  M.,  89  Kossuth  Ave. 
Schuyler,  W.  J.,  3  Hopper  St. 

White  Plains. 

Kelly,  H.  T. 

Yonkers. 

Dana,  A.  S. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

KittreU. 

Sugg,  J.  P. 

Raleigh. 

Battle,  K.  P. 

Roxobel. 

Norfleet,  E. 

OHIO. 

Cincinnati. 

Stark,  0.  W.,  Hi  8th  St. 

Columbus. 

Wardlow,  Y.,  120  E.  Broad  St. 

Glenville. 

Hill,  E.  W.,  600  Doan  St. 
241 


Norwalk. 

Burt,  F. 

OREGON. 

Astoria. 

Kinney,  Aug.  C. 

Kinney,  A.  C,  259  Commercial  St. 
Portland. 

Story,  G.  B.,  115  Abington  Building. 
PENNSYLVANIA. 

Homestead. 

Einard,  C.  C,  317  Eighth  Ave. 

Philadelphia. 

Witherstine,  C.  S.,  5450  Germantown  Ave. 

Scranton. 

Park,  C.  E.,  745  Quincy  Ave. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

Pawtucket. 

French,  C.  H. 

Providence. 

Leonard,  C.  H.,  154  Broad  St. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Charleston. 

Cornell,  W.  P.,  217  Eutledge  Ave. 

Edgefield  Co. 

Croft,  E. 

TENNESSEE. 

Memphis. 

Meyer,  L.  I.,  Masonic  Temple. 

Nashville. 

Buist,  W.  E. 

242 


VERMONT. 

Bennington. 

Goodall,  H.  S. 

Brattleboro. 

Miller,  A.  0. 

VIRGINIA. 

Charlottesville. 

Gillan,  C. 

Danville. 

Irwin,  J.  S. 

Harrisonburg. 

Neff,  J.  H. 

Lynchburg. 

Wilson,  A.  L. 

Norfolk. 

Grandy,  C.  E. 
Old,  H. 
Kuffin,  K. 

Petersburg. 

McGill,  E.  L. 
Mann,  J. 
Osborn,  J.  D. 

Portsmouth. 

Grice,  J. 
Holladay,  G.  G. 

Richmond 

Dunn,  J. 
Edwards,  L.  B. 

Williams,  E.  F.,  14  North  3d  St. 

Roanoke. 

Harrison,  H.  W. 


WASHINGTON. 

Spokane. 

Potter,  W.  W. 

WISCONSIN. 

Milwaukee. 

Farnham,  A.  B. 
244 


